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Ji KL, Fan YY, Gong Q, Liu QF, Cui MJ, Fu KC, Zhang HY, Yue JM. Densely Functionalized Macrocyclic Sesquiterpene Pyridine Alkaloids from Maytenus austroyunnanensis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:2315-2325. [PMID: 37728995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Eleven densely functionalized new dihydro-β-agarofuran sesquiterpenoid derivatives, named maytenoids A-K (1-11), as well as one known analog, were isolated and characterized from Maytenus austroyunnanensis. Their structures were assigned based on analysis of spectroscopic data and X-ray crystallography. Compounds 1-9 are macrocyclic sesquiterpene pyridine alkaloids generated by the respective acylation of the hydroxy groups at C-3 and C-13 of dihydro-β-agarofuran sesquiterpenoids via diverse pyridine dicarboxylic acids. Compounds 1, 2, 5-10, and 12 exhibited significant inhibitory effects on NO production at 10 μM in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Long Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao-Yue Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun-Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Jun Cui
- Pu'er National Institute of Ethnic Traditional Medicine, Pu'er 665000, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai-Cong Fu
- Pu'er National Institute of Ethnic Traditional Medicine, Pu'er 665000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Min Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
- Research Units of Discovery of New Drug Lead Molecules, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
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Al-Rubaiai F, Al-Shariqi ZZ, Al-Shabibi KS, Husband J, Al-Hattali AM, Goettert M, Laufer S, Baqi Y, Hassan SI, Fatope MO. Isolation and Identification of Phytocompounds from Maytenus dhofarensis and Their Biological Potentials. Molecules 2023; 28:6077. [PMID: 37630328 PMCID: PMC10459021 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Maytenus dhofarensis Sebsebe (Celestraceae) is a naturally growing shrub in Oman. It is not a reputed medicinal plant in Oman, but it is regionally endemic and causes shivering attacks on goats that graze on it. The chemical investigation of the hexane and chloroform extracts of the fruits and stems of M. dhofarensis afforded dihydro-β-agarofuran-type sesquiterpene pyridine alkaloid (1), lupanyl myristoate (2) and lignanolactone (3). Compounds (1-3) are new isolates from M. dhofarensis. The structures of these compounds were assigned through comprehensive IR, NMR, and ESI-MS analyses, and the relative configurations of compounds 1 and 3 were deduced from density function theory (DFT) calculations and NMR experiments. Compound 1 was assayed against the kinase enzyme and showed no inhibition activity for p38 alpha and delta at a 10 µM test concentration. Compound 3 inhibited the 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) by 69.5%, compared to 70.9% and 78.0% for gallic acid and butylated hydroxyanisole, respectively, which were used as positive controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Al-Rubaiai
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khod, P.O. Box 36, Muscat 123, Oman; (F.A.-R.); (J.H.); (Y.B.)
| | - Zakiya Zahran Al-Shariqi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khod, P.O. Box 36, Muscat 123, Oman; (F.A.-R.); (J.H.); (Y.B.)
| | - Khalsa S. Al-Shabibi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khod, P.O. Box 36, Muscat 123, Oman; (F.A.-R.); (J.H.); (Y.B.)
| | - John Husband
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khod, P.O. Box 36, Muscat 123, Oman; (F.A.-R.); (J.H.); (Y.B.)
| | - Asmaa M. Al-Hattali
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khod, P.O. Box 36, Muscat 123, Oman; (F.A.-R.); (J.H.); (Y.B.)
| | - Marcia Goettert
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany (S.L.)
| | - Stefan Laufer
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany (S.L.)
- Tübingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery (TüCAD2), D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Younis Baqi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khod, P.O. Box 36, Muscat 123, Oman; (F.A.-R.); (J.H.); (Y.B.)
| | - Syed Imran Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khod, P.O. Box 36, Muscat 123, Oman; (F.A.-R.); (J.H.); (Y.B.)
| | - Majekodunmi O. Fatope
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khod, P.O. Box 36, Muscat 123, Oman; (F.A.-R.); (J.H.); (Y.B.)
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Huang YY, Chen L, Ma GX, Xu XD, Jia XG, Deng FS, Li XJ, Yuan JQ. A Review on Phytochemicals of the Genus Maytenus and Their Bioactive Studies. Molecules 2021; 26:4563. [PMID: 34361712 PMCID: PMC8347511 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Maytenus is a member of the Celastraceae family, of which several species have long been used in traditional medicine. Between 1976 and 2021, nearly 270 new compounds have been isolated and elucidated from the genus Maytenus. Among these, maytansine and its homologues are extremely rare in nature. Owing to its unique skeleton and remarkable bioactivities, maytansine has attracted many synthetic endeavors in order to construct its core structure. In this paper, the current status of the past 45 years of research on Maytenus, with respect to its chemical and biological activities are discussed. The chemical research includes its structural classification into triterpenoids, sesquiterpenes and alkaloids, along with several chemical synthesis methods of maytansine or maytansine fragments. The biological activity research includes activities, such as anti-tumor, anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory activities, as well as HIV inhibition, which can provide a theoretical basis for the better development and utilization of the Maytenus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Huang
- Scientific Experimental Center of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China; (Y.-Y.H.); (X.-G.J.); (F.-S.D.)
- School of Chemistry and Materials, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Research Department of Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China;
| | - Guo-Xu Ma
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (G.-X.M.); (X.-D.X.)
| | - Xu-Dong Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (G.-X.M.); (X.-D.X.)
| | - Xue-Gong Jia
- Scientific Experimental Center of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China; (Y.-Y.H.); (X.-G.J.); (F.-S.D.)
| | - Fu-Sheng Deng
- Scientific Experimental Center of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China; (Y.-Y.H.); (X.-G.J.); (F.-S.D.)
| | - Xue-Jian Li
- Scientific Experimental Center of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China; (Y.-Y.H.); (X.-G.J.); (F.-S.D.)
| | - Jing-Quan Yuan
- Scientific Experimental Center of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China; (Y.-Y.H.); (X.-G.J.); (F.-S.D.)
- School of Chemistry and Materials, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
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Liu R, Lv Z, Liu X, Huang W, Pan S, Yin R, Yu L, Li Y, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Lu R, Li Y, Li S. Improved delivery system for celastrol-loaded magnetic Fe 3O 4/α-Fe 2O 3 heterogeneous nanorods: HIF-1α-related apoptotic effects on SMMC-7721 cell. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 125:112103. [PMID: 33965112 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fe3O4/α-Fe2O3 heterogeneous nanorods were prepared by a rapid combustion method with α-FeOOH nanorods as precursors. Fe3O4/α-Fe2O3 heterogeneous nanorods with a saturation magnetization of 33.2 emu·g-1 were obtained using 30 mL of absolute ethanol at a calcination temperature of 300 °C. Their average length was around 140 nm, and average diameter was about 20 nm. To improve the dispersion characteristics of the Fe3O4/α-Fe2O3 heterogeneous nanorods in aqueous solution, citric acid and PEG were applied to modify the nanorod surface via the Mitsunobu reaction. The results showed that the hydrodynamic size range of Fe3O4/α-Fe2O3/CA-PEG-celastrol was 250-500 nm, the surface potential was -15 mV, and the saturation magnetization was approximately 23 emu·g-1. The drug loading capacity of Fe3O4/α-Fe2O3/CA-PEG was larger than the non-PEG modified version. Fe3O4/α-Fe2O3/CA-PEG-celastrol had slow-release characteristics and was sensitive to changes in pH. Application of a magnetic field significantly promoted the inhibition of SMMC-7721 human liver cancer cell growth after treatment with Fe3O4/α-Fe2O3/CA-PEG-celastrol. Celastrol and Fe3O4/α-Fe2O3/CA-PEG-celastrol increased the production of reactive oxygen species in SMMC-7721 cells and promoted apoptosis and apoptosis-related proteins (p53, Bax, Bcl-2) were also changed. In addition, the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) was enhanced. We may conclude that celastrol-loaded magnetic Fe3O4/α-Fe2O3 heterogeneous nanorods may be applied in the chemotherapy of human cancer with good biocompatibility and delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijiang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Zhixiang Lv
- The People's Hospital of Danyang, Zhenjiang 212300, PR China
| | - Xiao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Wei Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Shuai Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Ruitong Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Lulu Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - You Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Yanling Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Shaoshuai Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Rongzhu Lu
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Yongjin Li
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
| | - Shasha Li
- Affiliated Kunshan Hospital, Jiangsu University, Suzhou 215300, PR China.
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Huxley C, Wibowo M, Lum KY, Gordon S, D'Hyon S, Guan H, Wang X, Chen Y, Si M, Wang M, White JM, Wahi K, Wang Q, Holst J, Davis RA. Synthesis of bilocularin A carbamate derivatives and their evaluation as leucine transport inhibitors in prostate cancer cells. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 179:112478. [PMID: 32805621 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale extraction of the leaves of the Australian rainforest tree Maytenus bilocularis followed by extensive purification studies afforded the targeted and abundant dihydro-β-agarofuran, bilocularin A, in sufficient quantities (>500 mg) for detailed semi-synthetic chemistry. Eight bilocularin A carbamate analogues were synthesised using a series of commercially available isocyanate reagents in high purity (>95%) and variable yields (9-91%). All previously undescribed analogues were spectroscopically characterised using NMR, UV, IR and MS data. One compound afforded crystalline material and subsequent single crystal X-ray analysis (Cu-Kα) confirmed the chemical structure along with the absolute configuration. All compounds were evaluated for anti-proliferative activity against the human prostate cancer cell line LNCaP; none of the compounds showed significant (>50%) growth inhibition at 20 μM. Compounds were also tested for their ability to inhibit leucine transport in LNCaP cells, and two analogues showed moderate activity with IC50 values of 8.9 and 8.5 μM. This is the first reported synthesis of dihydro-β-agarofuran carbamate derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cohan Huxley
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Mario Wibowo
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Kah Yean Lum
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Shelly Gordon
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Sebastian D'Hyon
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Hanyu Guan
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Xueyi Wang
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Yuxi Chen
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Mingran Si
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Mengchao Wang
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Jonathan M White
- School of Chemistry and Bio 21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Kanu Wahi
- Translational Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences and Prince of Wales Clinical School, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Qian Wang
- Translational Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences and Prince of Wales Clinical School, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Jeff Holst
- Translational Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences and Prince of Wales Clinical School, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Rohan A Davis
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia.
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7
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Crusco A, Baptista R, Bhowmick S, Beckmann M, Mur LAJ, Westwell AD, Hoffmann KF. The Anti-mycobacterial Activity of a Diterpenoid-Like Molecule Operates Through Nitrogen and Amino Acid Starvation. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1444. [PMID: 31293560 PMCID: PMC6603307 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A library of 14 minimally cytotoxic diterpenoid-like compounds (CC50 > 70 μM on HepG2 human liver cells) was screened against Mycobacterium smegmatis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli to determine antimicrobial activity. Some compounds with a phenethyl alcohol (PE) core substituted with a β-cyclocitral derivative demonstrated anti-mycobacterial activity, with the most active being compound 1 (MIC = 23.4 mg/L, IC50 = 0.6 mg/L). Lower activity was exhibited against S. aureus, while no activity was displayed against E. coli. Low cytotoxicity was re-confirmed on HepG2 cells and additionally on RAW 264.7 murine macrophages (SI for both cell lines > 38). The sub-lethal (IC50 at 6 h) effect of compound 1 on M. smegmatis was examined through untargeted metabolomics and compared to untreated bacteria and bacteria treated with sub-lethal (IC50 at 6 h) concentrations of the antituberculosis drugs ethambutol, isoniazid, kanamycin, and streptomycin. The study revealed that compound 1 acts differently from the reference antibiotics and that it significantly affects amino acid, nitrogen, nucleotides and folate-dependent one-carbon metabolism of M. smegmatis, giving some insights about the mode of action of this molecule. A future medicinal chemistry optimization of this new anti-mycobacterial core could lead to more potent molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Crusco
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom.,School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Rafael Baptista
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Sumana Bhowmick
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Manfred Beckmann
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Luis A J Mur
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D Westwell
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Karl F Hoffmann
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
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Wibowo M, Forster PI, Guymer GP, Hofmann A, Davis RA. Using UHPLC-MS Profiling for the Discovery of New Dihydro-β-Agarofurans from Australian Celastraceae Plant Extracts. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24050859. [PMID: 30823439 PMCID: PMC6429220 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An analytical method using UHPLC-MS was developed and applied to 16 crude CH2Cl2 extracts from Australian Celastraceae plants; the endemic plant materials were accessed from Griffith University’s NatureBank resource and included bark, fruit, leaf, root, twig and mixed samples, all of which were collected from Queensland, Australia. The generated UHPLC-MS data were analysed and dereplicated using the scientific databases Dictionary of Natural Products and SciFinder Scholar in order to potentially identify new dihydro-β-agarofurans from local Celastraceae plants. These investigations led to the large-scale extraction and isolation work on a prioritised fruit sample that belonged to the rainforest plant Denhamia celastroides. Chemical investigations resulted in the purification of four new natural products, denhaminols O–R (1–4), along with the related and known compound, denhaminol G (5). The structures of all the new compounds were determined via detailed analysis of NMR and MS data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Wibowo
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia.
| | - Paul I Forster
- Queensland Herbarium, Brisbane Botanic Gardens, Toowong, QLD 4066, Australia.
| | - Gordon P Guymer
- Queensland Herbarium, Brisbane Botanic Gardens, Toowong, QLD 4066, Australia.
| | - Andreas Hofmann
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia.
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Rohan A Davis
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia.
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Gordon S, Wibowo M, Wang Q, Holst J, Davis RA. Dihydro-β-agarofurans from the Australian rainforest plant Denhamia celastroides that inhibit leucine transport in prostate cancer cells. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2018; 57:101-109. [PMID: 30345550 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Four new dihydro-β-agarofurans, denhaminols K-N (4-7), along with three known secondary metabolites, denhaminols A-C (1-3) were obtained from the large-scale isolation studies of the leaves of the Australian endemic rainforest plant, Denhamia celastroides. The structures of the previously undescribed compounds were determined by detailed 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, ultraviolet, and infrared data analysis. All compounds were found to inhibit the activity of leucine transport in a human prostate cancer cell line with IC50 values ranging from 5.1-74.9 μM. Dihydro-β-agarofurans 1-7 showed better potency than the L-type amino acid transporter family inhibitor, 2-aminobicyclo[2.2.1]-heptane-2-carboxylic acid (BCH).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly Gordon
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mario Wibowo
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Qian Wang
- Origins of Cancer Program, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jeff Holst
- Origins of Cancer Program, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rohan A Davis
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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