1
|
Kyselová L, Vítová M, Řezanka T. Very long chain fatty acids. Prog Lipid Res 2022; 87:101180. [PMID: 35810824 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) are important components of various lipid classes in most organisms, from bacteria to higher plants and mammals, including humans. VLCFAs, or very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLCPUFAs), can be defined as fatty acids with 23 or more carbon atoms in the molecule. The main emphasis in this review is on the analysis of these acids, including obtaining standards from natural sources or their synthesis. Furthermore, the occurrence and analysis of these compounds in both lower (bacteria, invertebrates) and higher organisms (flowering plants or mammals) are discussed in detail. Attention is paid to their biosynthesis, especially the elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein (ELOVL4). This review deals with papers describing these very interesting compounds, whose chemical, biochemical and biological properties have not been fully explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Kyselová
- Research Institute of Brewing and Malting, Lípová 511, 120 44 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Milada Vítová
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre for Phycology, Dukelská 135, 379 01 Třeboň, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomáš Řezanka
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liang L, Duan W, Zhao C, Zhang Y, Sun B. Recent Development of Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography in Food Analysis. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-021-02190-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
3
|
Kato Y, Inabe K, Hidese R, Kondo A, Hasunuma T. Metabolomics-based engineering for biofuel and bio-based chemical production in microalgae and cyanobacteria: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126196. [PMID: 34710610 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics, an essential tool in modern synthetic biology based on the design-build-test-learn platform, is useful for obtaining a detailed understanding of cellular metabolic mechanisms through comprehensive analyses of the metabolite pool size and its dynamic changes. Metabolomics is critical to the design of a rational metabolic engineering strategy by determining the rate-limiting reaction and assimilated carbon distribution in a biosynthetic pathway of interest. Microalgae and cyanobacteria are promising photosynthetic producers of biofuels and bio-based chemicals, with high potential for developing a bioeconomic society through bio-based carbon neutral manufacturing. Metabolomics technologies optimized for photosynthetic organisms have been developed and utilized in various microalgal and cyanobacterial species. This review provides a concise overview of recent achievements in photosynthetic metabolomics, emphasizing the importance of microalgal and cyanobacterial cell factories that satisfy industrial requirements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Kato
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kosuke Inabe
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Ryota Hidese
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; Graduate School of Science, Innovation and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; Graduate School of Science, Innovation and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Hasunuma
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; Graduate School of Science, Innovation and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lu Y, Eiriksson FF, Thorsteinsdóttir M, Simonsen HT. Effects of extraction parameters on lipid profiling of mosses using UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS and multivariate data analysis. Metabolomics 2021; 17:96. [PMID: 34669052 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-021-01847-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-target lipid profiling by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS) has been used extensively in the past decades in plant studies. However, the lipidomes of bryophytes have only been scarcely studied, although they are the second largest group in plant kingdom. OBJECTIVES We evaluated the effects of different cell disruption methods (no disruption, shake, ultrasound, and bead beating), and storage conditions (air-dried, freeze-dried, and fresh frozen) of five moss species (including Racomitrium lanuginosum B and D, Philonotis fontana, Sphagnum teres, and Hylocomium splendens). METHODS The lipid profiling results of each extraction parameter were analyzed by using multivariate data analysis including unsupervised principal component analysis and supervised orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis. RESULTS The results showed that extraction with bead beating resulted in the highest lipid content and the most detected features, but these were caused by the contamination from plastic tubes. Minor lipid metabolite changes were found in shaking and ultrasonication methods when compared with no disruption method. Significant amounts of phosphatidylcholine, diacylglyceryltrimethylhomoserine and their lyso lipids were observed in air-dried moss tissues, whereas diacylglycerol, triacylglycerol and ceramide were mostly exclusively detected when fresh frozen tissues were used for extraction. CONCLUSION We concluded that lipid extraction using fresh frozen samples with ultrasound assistance provide the most original lipid composition and gave a relatively high lipid content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lu
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 223, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- ArcticMass, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Finnur Freyr Eiriksson
- ArcticMass, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Hagi, Hofsvallagata 53, 107, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Margrét Thorsteinsdóttir
- ArcticMass, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Hagi, Hofsvallagata 53, 107, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Henrik Toft Simonsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 223, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Coniglio D, Bianco M, Ventura G, Calvano CD, Losito I, Cataldi TRI. Lipidomics of the Edible Brown Alga Wakame ( Undaria pinnatifida) by Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Electrospray Ionization and Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2021; 26:4480. [PMID: 34361633 PMCID: PMC8348742 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipidome of a brown seaweed commonly known as wakame (Undaria pinnatifida), which is grown and consumed around the world, including Western countries, as a healthy nutraceutical food or supplement, was here extensively examined. The study was focused on the characterization of phospholipids (PL) and glycolipids (GL) by liquid chromatography (LC), either hydrophilic interaction LC (HILIC) or reversed-phase LC (RPLC), coupled to electrospray ionization (ESI) and mass spectrometry (MS), operated both in high and in low-resolution mode. Through the acquisition of single (MS) and tandem (MS/MS) mass spectra more than 200 PL and GL of U. pinnatifida extracts were characterized in terms of lipid class, fatty acyl (FA) chain composition (length and number of unsaturations), and regiochemistry, namely 16 SQDG, 6 SQMG, 12 DGDG, 5 DGMG, 29 PG, 8 LPG, 19 PI, 14 PA, 19 PE, 8 PE, 38 PC, and 27 LPC. The FA (C16:0) was the most abundant saturated acyl chain, whereas the monounsaturated C18:1 and the polyunsaturated C18:2 and C20:4 chains were the prevailing ones. Odd-numbered acyl chains, iJ., C15:0, C17:0, C19:0, and C19:1, were also recognized. While SQDG exhibited the longest and most unsaturated acyl chains, C18:1, C18:2, and C18:3, in the sn-1 position of glycerol, they were preferentially located in the sn-2 position in the case of PL. The developed analytical approach might pave the way to extend lipidomic investigations also for other edible marine algae, thus emphasizing their potential role as a source of bioactive lipids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Coniglio
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; (D.C.); (M.B.); (G.V.); (I.L.)
| | - Mariachiara Bianco
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; (D.C.); (M.B.); (G.V.); (I.L.)
| | - Giovanni Ventura
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; (D.C.); (M.B.); (G.V.); (I.L.)
| | - Cosima D. Calvano
- Centro Interdipartimentale SMART, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Ilario Losito
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; (D.C.); (M.B.); (G.V.); (I.L.)
- Centro Interdipartimentale SMART, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Tommaso R. I. Cataldi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; (D.C.); (M.B.); (G.V.); (I.L.)
- Centro Interdipartimentale SMART, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Vítová M, Stránská M, Palyzová A, Řezanka T. Detailed structural characterization of cardiolipins from various biological sources using a complex analytical strategy comprising fractionation, hydrolysis and chiral chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1648:462185. [PMID: 33984647 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiolipins (1,3-bis(sn-3'-phosphatidyl)-sn-glycerol) (CLs) are widespread in many organisms, from bacteria to higher green plants and mammals. CLs were observed in Gram-positive bacterium of the genus Kocuria, brewer's yeast Saccharomyces, the green alga Chlamydomonas, spinach and beef heart. A mixture of molecular species of CLs was obtained from total lipids by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC), and these were further separated and identified by reversed phase LC/MS with negative tandem electrospray ionization. The majority of CLs molecular species from each organism were cleaved using phospholipase C from Bacillus cereus. This phospholipase cleaves CLs into 1,2-diglycerols and phosphatidylglycerol 3-phosphates, which were then separated. After CLs cleavage, diacylglycerols such as sn-1,2-diacyl-3-acetyl-glycerols (i.e., triacylglycerols) were separated and identified by chiral chromatography/MS-positive tandem ESI. Significant differences in the composition of the molecular species between the 3-(3-sn-phosphatidyl) and 1-(3-sn-phosphatidyl) moieties of CLs were found in all organisms tested. Molecular species of CLs that contained four different fatty acids were identified in all five samples, and CLs containing very long chain fatty acids were identified in yeast. In addition, CLs containing both enantiomers (at the sn-2 carbon) were present in the bacterium tested. These findings were further supported by data already published in GenBank where, in the same family - Micrococcaceae - both enzymes responsible for chirality in the sn-2 position, glycerol-3-phosphate and glycerol-1-phosphate dehydrogenases, were present.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milada Vítová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Laboratory of Cell Cycles of Algae, Novohradská 237, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Milena Stránská
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Palyzová
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Řezanka
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chakdar H, Hasan M, Pabbi S, Nevalainen H, Shukla P. High-throughput proteomics and metabolomic studies guide re-engineering of metabolic pathways in eukaryotic microalgae: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 321:124495. [PMID: 33307484 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic microalgae are a rich source of commercially important metabolites including lipids, pigments, sugars, amino acids and enzymes. However, their inherent genetic potential is usually not enough to support high level production of metabolites of interest. In order to move on from the traditional approach of improving product yields by modification of the cultivation conditions, understanding the metabolic pathways leading to the synthesis of the bioproducts of interest is crucial. Identification of new targets for strain engineering has been greatly facilitated by the rapid development of high-throughput sequencing and spectroscopic techniques discussed in this review. Despite the availability of high throughput analytical tools, examples of gathering and application of proteomic and metabolomic data for metabolic engineering of microalgae are few and mainly limited to lipid production. The present review highlights the application of contemporary proteomic and metabolomic techniques in eukaryotic microalgae for redesigning pathways for enhanced production of algal metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hillol Chakdar
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms (NBAIM), Maunath Bhanjan, Uttar Pradesh 275103, India
| | - Mafruha Hasan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sunil Pabbi
- Centre for Conservation and Utilisation of Blue Green Algae (CCUBGA), Division of Microbiology, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012
| | - Helena Nevalainen
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia; Biomolecular Discovery and Design Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India; School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Arif M, Bai Y, Usman M, Jalalah M, Harraz FA, Al-Assiri MS, Li X, Salama ES, Zhang C. Highest accumulated microalgal lipids (polar and non-polar) for biodiesel production with advanced wastewater treatment: Role of lipidomics. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 298:122299. [PMID: 31706891 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microalgal lipids consist of non-polar and polar lipids. Triacyleglyceride (TAG), a non-polar lipid, is convertible to biodiesel, whereas glycolipids and phospholipids are polar and not convertible to biodiesel owing to their high degree of unsaturation (polyunsaturated fatty acids), which makes the production process insufficient and expensive. In this review, microalgal species that contain the highest lipid content (≥40%) in the literature till 2019 are highlighted. The differentiation between non-polar and polar lipids and the limitations in the conversion of polar lipids to biodiesel are reported. The basic and advanced factors contributing to the accumulation of lipids convertible to biodiesel is discussed. Microalgal species including Scenedesmus obliquus, Ourococcus multisporus, Chlamydomonas pitschmannii, Micractinium reisseri, and Botryococcus braunii with high lipid content are potential candidates for biomass/biodiesel production and nutrient removal from wastewater. Application of lipidomics and transcriptomics to manipulate the lipid associated gene acetyl-CoA synthetase in microalgae improves the accumulative lipid content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Arif
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, PR China
| | - Yanrui Bai
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Muhammad Usman
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, PR China
| | - Mohammed Jalalah
- Promising Center for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED) Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farid A Harraz
- Promising Center for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED) Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia; Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Department, Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute (CMRDI), P.O. 87 Helwan, Cairo 11421, Egypt
| | - M S Al-Assiri
- Promising Center for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED) Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiangkai Li
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - El-Sayed Salama
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, PR China
| | - Chunjiang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shahid A, Rehman AU, Usman M, Ashraf MUF, Javed MR, Khan AZ, Gill SS, Mehmood MA. Engineering the metabolic pathways of lipid biosynthesis to develop robust microalgal strains for biodiesel production. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 67:41-51. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Shahid
- Bioenergy Research CenterDepartment of Bioinformatics and BiotechnologyGovernment College University Faisalabad Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Abd ur Rehman
- Bioenergy Research CenterDepartment of Bioinformatics and BiotechnologyGovernment College University Faisalabad Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Bioenergy Research CenterDepartment of Bioinformatics and BiotechnologyGovernment College University Faisalabad Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umer Farooq Ashraf
- Bioenergy Research CenterDepartment of Bioinformatics and BiotechnologyGovernment College University Faisalabad Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan Javed
- Bioenergy Research CenterDepartment of Bioinformatics and BiotechnologyGovernment College University Faisalabad Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Aqib Zafar Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial MetabolismJoint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Saba Shahid Gill
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesNew Mexico State University Las Cruces NM USA
| | - Muhammad Aamer Mehmood
- Bioenergy Research CenterDepartment of Bioinformatics and BiotechnologyGovernment College University Faisalabad Faisalabad Pakistan
- School of BioengineeringSichuan University of Science & Engineering Zigong People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rapid screening of very long-chain fatty acids from microorganisms. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1605:460365. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
11
|
Řezanka T, Nedbalová L, Barcytė D, Vítová M, Sigler K. Arsenolipids in the green alga Coccomyxa (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta). PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019; 164:243-251. [PMID: 31128818 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lipid-like compounds containing a dimethylarsinoyl group, i.e. Me2As(O)-, have been identified by liquid chromatography/inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LC/ICP-MS) and non-aqueous reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (positive and/or negative high-resolution tandem electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (NARP-HPLC/HR-ESI+(-)-MS/MS) from three strains of green algae of the genus Coccomyxa (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta). The algae were cultivated in a medium containing 10 g arsenic/L, i.e. 133.5 mmol/L of Na2HAsO4.7H2O. After extraction by methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE), total lipids were analyzed by ICP-MS or ESI-MS without any further separation or fractionation. A total of 39 molecular species of arsenic triacylglycerols (AsTAG), 15 arsenic phosphatidylcholines (AsPC), 8 arsenic phosphatidylethanolamines (AsPE), 6 arsenic phosphatidylinositols (AsPI), 2 arsenic phosphatidylglycerols (AsPG) and 5 unknown lipids (probably ceramides) were identified. The structures of all molecular species were confirmed by tandem MS. Dry matter of the individual strains contained different amounts of total arsenolipids, i.e. C. elongata CCALA 427 (0.32 mg/g), C. onubensis (1.48 mg/g), C. elongata S3 (2.13 mg/g). On the other hand, there were only slight differences between strains in the relative abundances of individual molecular species. Possible biosynthesis of long-chain lipids with the end group Me2As(O) has also been suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Řezanka
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Linda Nedbalová
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dovilė Barcytė
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milada Vítová
- Laboratory of Cell Cycles of Algae, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Sigler
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Enantiomeric separation of triacylglycerols containing very long chain fatty acids. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1557:9-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|