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Zeng N, Zhang Q, Yao Q, Fu G, Su W, Wang W, Li B. A Comprehensive Review of the Classification, Sources, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology of Norditerpenes. Molecules 2023; 29:60. [PMID: 38202643 PMCID: PMC10780140 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Norditerpenes are considered to be a common and widely studied class of bioactive compounds in plants, exhibiting a wide array of complex and diverse structural types and originating from various sources. Based on the number of carbons, norditerpenes can be categorized into C19, C18, C17, and C16 compounds. Up to now, 557 norditerpenes and their derivatives have been found in studies published between 2010 and 2023, distributed in 51 families and 132 species, with the largest number in Lamiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, and Cephalotaxaceae. These norditerpenes display versatile biological activities, including anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties, as well as inhibitory effects against HIV and α-glucosidase, and can be considered as an important source of treatment for a variety of diseases that had a high commercial value. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the plant sources, chemical structures, and biological activities of norditerpenes derived from natural sources, serving as a valuable reference for further research development and application in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Wei Wang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (N.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Q.Y.); (G.F.); (W.S.)
| | - Bin Li
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (N.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Q.Y.); (G.F.); (W.S.)
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Qiu Z, Wang S, Zhao J, Cui L, Wang X, Cai N, Li H, Ren S, Li T, Shu L. Synthesis and structural characteristics analysis of melanin pigments induced by blue light in Morchella sextelata. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1276457. [PMID: 37840742 PMCID: PMC10573313 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1276457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Morchella sextelata, a highly sought-after edible mushroom worldwide, is evaluated based on its cap color as an essential commercial property indicator. In the present study, the effects of blue light on cap pigmentation in M. sextelata, as well as the synthesis and structural characteristics of melanin pigments within the cap were examined. The results showed that an increase in the proportion of blue light within the lighting environment promoted melanin synthesis and melanization of the cap. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy revealed the localization of melanin within the mycelium and its ultrastructural characteristics. The UV-visible analysis demonstrated that melanin exhibited a maximum absorption peak at 220 nm and possessed high alkaline solubility as well as acid precipitability. The structural characteristics of melanin were analyzed using FTIR, NMR, HPLC, and elemental analysis, which confirmed the presence of eumelanin, pheomelanin, and allomelanin in both brown and black caps. Furthermore, blue light can stimulate the synthesis of both eumelanin and pheomelanin. The obtained results can serve as the foundation for comprehending the mechanism by which light regulates color formation in mushrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Qiu
- Modern Protected Horticulture Engineering & Technology Center, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Modern Protected Horticulture Engineering & Technology Center, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiazhi Zhao
- Modern Protected Horticulture Engineering & Technology Center, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Lingxiu Cui
- Modern Protected Horticulture Engineering & Technology Center, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Modern Protected Horticulture Engineering & Technology Center, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Nuo Cai
- Modern Protected Horticulture Engineering & Technology Center, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongpeng Li
- Modern Protected Horticulture Engineering & Technology Center, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuhua Ren
- Modern Protected Horticulture Engineering & Technology Center, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianlai Li
- Modern Protected Horticulture Engineering & Technology Center, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Lili Shu
- Modern Protected Horticulture Engineering & Technology Center, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
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Lam YTH, Hoppe J, Dang QN, Porzel A, Soboleva A, Brandt W, Rennert R, Hussain H, Davari MD, Wessjohann L, Arnold N. Purpurascenines A-C, Azepino-Indole Alkaloids from Cortinarius purpurascens: Isolation, Biosynthesis, and Activity Studies on the 5-HT 2A Receptor. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:1373-1384. [PMID: 37306303 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Three previously undescribed azepino-indole alkaloids, named purpurascenines A-C (1-3), together with the new-to-nature 7-hydroxytryptophan (4) as well as two known compounds, adenosine (5) and riboflavin (6), were isolated from fruiting bodies of Cortinarius purpurascens Fr. (Cortinariaceae). The structures of 1-3 were elucidated based on spectroscopic analyses and ECD calculations. Furthermore, the biosynthesis of purpurascenine A (1) was investigated by in vivo experiments using 13C-labeled sodium pyruvate, alanine, and sodium acetate incubated with fruiting bodies of C. purpurascens. The incorporation of 13C into 1 was analyzed using 1D NMR and HRESIMS methods. With [3-13C]-pyruvate, a dramatic enrichment of 13C was observed, and hence a biosynthetic route via a direct Pictet-Spengler reaction between α-keto acids and 7-hydroxytryptophan (4) is suggested for the biosynthesis of purpurascenines A-C (1-3). Compound 1 exhibits no antiproliferative or cytotoxic effects against human prostate (PC-3), colorectal (HCT-116), and breast (MCF-7) cancer cells. An in silico docking study confirmed the hypothesis that purpurascenine A (1) could bind to the 5-HT2A serotonin receptor's active site. A new functional 5-HT2A receptor activation assay showed no functional agonistic but some antagonistic effects of 1 against the 5-HT-dependent 5-HT2A activation and likely antagonistic effects on putative constitutive activity of the 5-HT2A receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen T H Lam
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Hanoi National University of Education, 136 Xuanthuy, Caugiay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Jana Hoppe
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Quang N Dang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Hanoi National University of Education, 136 Xuanthuy, Caugiay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Andrea Porzel
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Alena Soboleva
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brandt
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Robert Rennert
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Hidayat Hussain
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Mehdi D Davari
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ludger Wessjohann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Norbert Arnold
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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Moussa AY, Fayez S, Xiao H, Xu B. New insights into antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects of edible mushrooms. Food Res Int 2022; 162:111982. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zhang FL, Feng T. Diterpenes Specially Produced by Fungi: Structures, Biological Activities, and Biosynthesis (2010–2020). J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8030244. [PMID: 35330246 PMCID: PMC8951520 DOI: 10.3390/jof8030244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi have traditionally been a very rewarding source of biologically active natural products, while diterpenoids from fungi, such as the cyathane-type diterpenoids from Cyathus and Hericium sp., the fusicoccane-type diterpenoids from Fusicoccum and Alternaria sp., the guanacastane-type diterpenoids from Coprinus and Cercospora sp., and the harziene-type diterpenoids from Trichoderma sp., often represent unique carbon skeletons as well as diverse biological functions. The abundances of novel skeletons, biological activities, and biosynthetic pathways present new opportunities for drug discovery, genome mining, and enzymology. In addition, diterpenoids peculiar to fungi also reveal the possibility of differing biological evolution, although they have similar biosynthetic pathways. In this review, we provide an overview about the structures, biological activities, evolution, organic synthesis, and biosynthesis of diterpenoids that have been specially produced by fungi from 2010 to 2020. We hope this review provides timely illumination and beneficial guidance for future research works of scholars who are interested in this area.
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Ma QG, Wei RR, Shang DL, Sang ZP, Dong JH. Structurally Diverse Flavonolignans with Immunosuppressive and Neuroprotective Activities from the Fruits of Hippophae rhamnoides L. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:6564-6575. [PMID: 32437606 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The fruit of Hippophae rhamnoides L. has been used for centuries in Europe and Asia as a food with high nutritional and medicinal values. In this study, a bioactivity-guided phytochemical investigation of H. rhamnoides L. has resulted in four new dimethylallylated flavonolignans (1-4), four new isopropylpentenone-flavonolignan heterodimers (5-8), two new geranylated flavonolignans (9 and 10), and 14 known flavonolignan derivatives (11-24); they were elucidated by their spectrometric and spectroscopic methods, including HR-ESI-MS, NMR, IR, and UV from the fruit of H. rhamnoides L. for the first time. Among them, compounds 2, 5, 6, 20, and 21 showed potent immunosuppressive activities with IC50 values from 19.42 ± 3.91 to 48.05 ± 12.56 μM. Meanwhile, compounds 1, 4, 11, 12, and 13 showed moderate neuroprotective activities, which increased the cell survival rate from 50.30 ± 4.24% for the model group to 71.63 ± 3.04%, 70.02 ± 4.13%, 61.53 ± 5.93%, 61.08 ± 3.58%, and 65.68 ± 4.88% at 10 μM, respectively. The hypothetical biogenetic pathway and preliminary structure-activity relationship were found and discussed scientifically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Ge Ma
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM of Ministry of Education, Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Rui Wei
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM of Ministry of Education, Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Li Shang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanyang the First People's Hospital, Nanyang 473002, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Pei Sang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang-Hong Dong
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian 463000, People's Republic of China
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Ectomycorrhizal Fungi in South America: Their Diversity in Past, Present and Future Research. Fungal Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-15228-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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