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Buzigi E, Pillay K, Siwela M, Mkhwanazi B, Ngidi M, Ssozi J, Mahinda BM, Isingoma EB. Lactating mothers' perceptions and sensory acceptability of a provitamin A carotenoid-iron-rich composite dish prepared from iron-biofortified common bean and orange-fleshed sweet potato in rural western Uganda. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:3949-3963. [PMID: 38873437 PMCID: PMC11167192 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Uganda's lactating mothers are vulnerable to deficiencies of vitamin A and iron because they consume plant-based conventional foods such as white-fleshed sweet potato (WFSP) and non-iron biofortified common bean (NIBCB) that are low in provitamin A (PVA) and iron, respectively. A PVA carotenoid-iron-rich dish was prepared from a combination of orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) and iron-biofortified common bean (IBCB). This study evaluated the perceptions and sensory acceptability of OFSP+IBCB (test food) against WFSP+NIBCB (control food) among lactating mothers in rural Uganda. A total of 94 lactating mothers participated in the study. The sensory attributes (taste, color, aroma, texture, and general acceptability) of test and control foods were rated using a five-point facial hedonic scale (1 = dislike very much, 2 = dislike, 3 = neutral, 4 = like 5 = like very much). An attribute was acceptable if the participant scored from like to like very much. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted to assess participant perceptions about their future consumption of OFSP+IBCB. The chi-square test was used to detect the proportion difference for each sensory attribute between OFSP+IBCB and WFSP+NIBCB, while FGD data were analyzed by thematic analysis. Taste, color, and aroma were acceptable to the mothers and not significantly different between OFSP+IBCB and WFSP+NIBCB (p > .05). Participants had positive perceptions of the taste, aroma, and color of the OFSP+IBCB and negative perceptions about the soft texture of OFSP. The lactating mothers had positive perceptions of consuming OFSP+IBCB provided they were accessible, affordable, and feasible to prepare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Buzigi
- Department of Community Health & Behavioural SciencesSchool of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere UniversityKampalaUganda
- Department of Dietetics and Human NutritionSchool of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu‐NatalPietermaritzburgSouth Africa
- Department of Public Health & NutritionFaculty of Health Sciences Victoria UniversityKampalaUganda
| | - Kirthee Pillay
- Department of Dietetics and Human NutritionSchool of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu‐NatalPietermaritzburgSouth Africa
| | - Muthulisi Siwela
- Department of Dietetics and Human NutritionSchool of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu‐NatalPietermaritzburgSouth Africa
| | - Blessing Mkhwanazi
- Department of Dietetics and Human NutritionSchool of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu‐NatalPietermaritzburgSouth Africa
| | - Mjabuliseni Ngidi
- Department of Dietetics and Human NutritionSchool of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu‐NatalPietermaritzburgSouth Africa
| | - Joshua Ssozi
- Department of Public Health & NutritionFaculty of Health Sciences Victoria UniversityKampalaUganda
| | - Babra Muhindo Mahinda
- Department of Public Health & NutritionFaculty of Health Sciences Victoria UniversityKampalaUganda
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Ospina MA, Moreno JL, Tran T, Jaramillo AM, Gallego-Castillo S, Ospina B, Dufour D. Kinetics of thermal degradation of carotenoids related to potential of mixture of wheat, cassava and sweet potato flours in baking products. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:4671-4679. [PMID: 37406186 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The consumption of foods such as sweet potato and cassava with high levels of carotenoids is a possible solution to reduce vitamin A deficiency. In this study, we evaluated the kinetics of thermal degradation of carotenoids. The content of carotenoids was quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography, first in fresh material, then in flour and finally in bakery products using mixtures of wheat, sweet potato and cassava. The degree of acceptance of the bakery products by children was also assessed through a sensory acceptance test. RESULTS The study found that the degradation of carotenoid compounds in sweet potato followed first-order kinetics and fitted the Arrhenius equation with correlations of R2 > 0.9. The retention rates of all-trans-β-carotene were 77%, 56% and 48% at cooking temperatures of 75, 85 and 95 °C respectively, during a cooking time of 20 min. The concentrations of all-trans-β-carotene, after baking, for bread, cookies and cake were 15, 19 and 14 μg g-1 db, respectively. In a sensory acceptance test carried out in a school, 47.6% of the boys and 79.2% of the girls rated the cookies made from a mixture of cassava, sweet potato and wheat flour with the indicator I like it a lot. CONCLUSION The content of carotenoid compounds was reduced by exposure to high temperatures and long cooking times. The combinations of cooking time and temperature which minimized degradation of all-trans-β-carotene occurred at 75 °C-20 min and 95 °C-10 min. All-trans-β-carotene retentions for bread, cookies and cake were 25%, 15% and 11% respectively. The mixture of wheat, sweet potato and cassava flour can be considered in the development of cookies with positive contributions of all-trans-β-carotenes and with a good acceptance by children between 9 and 13 years old. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Ospina
- Cassava Program, Alliance of Bioversity and CIAT, Cali, Colombia
| | | | - Thierry Tran
- Cassava Program, Alliance of Bioversity and CIAT, Cali, Colombia
- UMR QualiSud, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
- QualiSud, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, Institut Agro, University of Avignon, IRD, University of La Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Sonia Gallego-Castillo
- Harvest Plus Program, Alliance of Bioversity and CIAT, Cali, Colombia
- CLAYUCA Corporation, Cali, Colombia
| | | | - Dominique Dufour
- Cassava Program, Alliance of Bioversity and CIAT, Cali, Colombia
- UMR QualiSud, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
- QualiSud, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, Institut Agro, University of Avignon, IRD, University of La Réunion, Montpellier, France
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Yao Y, Zhang R, Jia R, Yao Z, Qiao Y, Wang Z. Exploration of Raw Pigmented-Fleshed Sweet Potatoes Volatile Organic Compounds and the Precursors. Molecules 2024; 29:606. [PMID: 38338351 PMCID: PMC10856654 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Sweet potato provides rich nutrients and bioactive substances for the human diet. In this study, the volatile organic compounds of five pigmented-fleshed sweet potato cultivars were determined, the characteristic aroma compounds were screened, and a correlation analysis was carried out with the aroma precursors. In total, 66 volatile organic compounds were identified. Terpenoids and aldehydes were the main volatile compounds, accounting for 59% and 17%, respectively. Fifteen compounds, including seven aldehydes, six terpenes, one furan, and phenol, were identified as key aromatic compounds for sweet potato using relative odor activity values (ROAVs) and contributed to flower, sweet, and fat flavors. The OR sample exhibited a significant presence of trans-β-Ionone, while the Y sample showed high levels of benzaldehyde. Starch, soluble sugars, 20 amino acids, and 25 fatty acids were detected as volatile compounds precursors. Among them, total starch (57.2%), phenylalanine (126.82 ± 0.02 g/g), and fatty acids (6.45 μg/mg) were all most abundant in Y, and LY contained the most soluble sugar (14.65%). The results of the correlation analysis revealed the significant correlations were identified between seven carotenoids and trans-β-Ionone, soluble sugar and nerol, two fatty acids and hexanal, phenylalanine and 10 fatty acids with benzaldehyde, respectively. In general, terpenoids and aldehydes were identified as the main key aromatic compounds in sweet potatoes, and carotenoids had more influence on the aroma of OR than other cultivars. Soluble sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids probably serve as important precursors for some key aroma compounds in sweet potatoes. These findings provide valuable insights for the formation of sweet potato aroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiang Yao
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, Changli 066600, China;
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (R.Z.); (R.J.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Rong Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (R.Z.); (R.J.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Ruixue Jia
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (R.Z.); (R.J.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Zhufang Yao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (R.Z.); (R.J.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Yake Qiao
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, Changli 066600, China;
| | - Zhangying Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (R.Z.); (R.J.); (Z.Y.)
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Zhang J, He L, Dong J, Zhao C, Wang Y, Tang R, Wang W, Ji Z, Cao Q, Xie H, Wu Z, Li R, Yuan L, Jia X. Integrated metabolic and transcriptional analysis reveals the role of carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4 (IbCCD4) in carotenoid accumulation in sweetpotato tuberous roots. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:45. [PMID: 36918944 PMCID: PMC10012543 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02299-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant carotenoids are essential for human health, having wide uses in dietary supplements, food colorants, animal feed additives, and cosmetics. With the increasing demand for natural carotenoids, plant carotenoids have gained great interest in both academic and industry research worldwide. Orange-fleshed sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) enriched with carotenoids is an ideal feedstock for producing natural carotenoids. However, limited information is available regarding the molecular mechanism responsible for carotenoid metabolism in sweetpotato tuberous roots. RESULTS In this study, metabolic profiling of carotenoids and gene expression analysis were conducted at six tuberous root developmental stages of three sweetpotato varieties with different flesh colors. The correlations between the expression of carotenoid metabolic genes and carotenoid levels suggested that the carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4 (IbCCD4) and 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid cleavage dioxygenases 3 (IbNCED3) play important roles in the regulation of carotenoid contents in sweetpotato. Transgenic experiments confirmed that the total carotenoid content decreased in the tuberous roots of IbCCD4-overexpressing sweetpotato. In addition, IbCCD4 may be regulated by two stress-related transcription factors, IbWRKY20 and IbCBF2, implying that the carotenoid accumulation in sweeetpotato is possibly fine-tuned in responses to stress signals. CONCLUSIONS A set of key genes were revealed to be responsible for carotenoid accumulation in sweetpotato, with IbCCD4 acts as a crucial player. Our findings provided new insights into carotenoid metabolism in sweetpotato tuberous roots and insinuated IbCCD4 to be a target gene in the development of new sweetpotato varieties with high carotenoid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Liheng He
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Jingjing Dong
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China.,Department of Life Sciences, Changzhi University, Changzhi, China
| | - Cailiang Zhao
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Ruimin Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Wenbin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Zhixian Ji
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinghe Cao
- Xuzhou Sweetpotato Research Center, Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hong'e Xie
- Institute of Cotton Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Yuncheng, China
| | - Zongxin Wu
- Institute of Cotton Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Yuncheng, China
| | - Runzhi Li
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Ling Yuan
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Kentucky Tobacco Research & Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Jia
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China.
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Rodríguez-Mena A, Ochoa-Martínez LA, González-Herrera SM, Rutiaga-Quiñones OM, González-Laredo RF, Olmedilla-Alonso B. Natural pigments of plant origin: Classification, extraction and application in foods. Food Chem 2023; 398:133908. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Drapal M, Gerrish C, Fraser PD. Changes in carbon allocation and subplastidal amyloplast structures of specialised Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato) storage root phenotypes. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 203:113409. [PMID: 36049525 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) in Low and Medium Income countries remains a major health concern. Ipomoea batatas, orange sweet potato (OSP), is one of the biofortification solutions being implemented by the World Health Organisation (WHO) to combat VAD. However, high provitamin A (β-carotene) content has been associated with a reduction in dry matter, reducing calorific value and having adverse effects on consumer traits. Both starch and carotenoid formation are located in amyloplasts and could potentially compete for the same precursors. Hence, five different sweet potato storage root phenotypes were characterized through spatial metabolomics and proteomics at the sub-plastidal level. The metabolite data suggested an indirect correlation of starch and carotenoids through the TCA cycle and pentose phosphate pathway. Furthermore, a change in lipid composition was observed to accommodate the storage of carotenoids in the hydrophilic environment of the amyloplast. The data suggests an alteration of cellular ultra-structures and perturbation of metabolism in high β-carotene producing sweet potato roots. This corroborates with previous gene expression analysis through biochemical analysis of sweet potato root tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margit Drapal
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, TW200EX, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Gerrish
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, TW200EX, United Kingdom
| | - Paul D Fraser
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, TW200EX, United Kingdom.
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Integrated Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal the Basis for Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) Storage Roots. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12111010. [DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are important compounds of quality and coloration within sweet potato storage roots, but the mechanisms that govern the accumulation of these carotenoids remain poorly understood. In this study, metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses of carotenoids were performed using young storage roots (S2) and old storage roots (S4) from white-fleshed (variety S19) and yellow-fleshed (variety BS) sweet potato types. S19 storage roots exhibited significantly lower total carotenoid levels relative to BS storage roots, and different numbers of carotenoid types were detected in the BS-S2, BS-S4, S19-S2, and S19-S4 samples. β-cryptoxanthin was identified as a potential key driver of differences in root coloration between the S19 and BS types. Combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed significant co-annotation of the carotenoid and abscisic acid (ABA) metabolic pathways, PSY (phytoene synthase), CHYB (β-carotene 3-hydroxylase), ZEP (zeaxanthin epoxidase), NCED3 (9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 3), ABA2 (xanthoxin dehydrogenase), and CYP707A (abscisic acid 8’-hydroxylase) genes were found to be closely associated with carotenoid and ABA content in these sweet potato storage roots. The expression patterns of the transcription factors OFP and FAR1 were associated with the ABA content in these two sweet potato types. Together, these results provide a valuable foundation for understanding the mechanisms governing carotenoid biosynthesis in storage roots, and offer a theoretical basis for sweet potato breeding and management.
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Yang Z, Ni Y, Lin Z, Yang L, Chen G, Nijiati N, Hu Y, Chen X. De novo assembly of the complete mitochondrial genome of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam) revealed the existence of homologous conformations generated by the repeat-mediated recombination. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:285. [PMID: 35681138 PMCID: PMC9185937 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03665-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam) is an important food crop, an excellent fodder crop, and a new type of industrial raw material crop. The lack of genomic resources could affect the process of industrialization of sweet potato. Few detailed reports have been completed on the mitochondrial genome of sweet potato. In this research, we sequenced and assembled the mitochondrial genome of sweet potato and investigated its substructure. The mitochondrial genome of sweet potato is 270,304 bp with 23 unique core genes and 12 variable genes. We detected 279 pairs of repeat sequences and found that three pairs of direct repeats could mediate the homologous recombination into four independent circular molecules. We identified 70 SSRs in the whole mitochondrial genome of sweet potato. The longest dispersed repeat in mitochondrial genome was a palindromic repeat with a length of 915 bp. The homologous fragments between the chloroplast and mitochondrial genome account for 7.35% of the mitochondrial genome. We also predicted 597 RNA editing sites and found that the rps3 gene was edited 54 times, which occurred most frequently. This study further demonstrates the existence of multiple conformations in sweet potato mitochondrial genomes and provides a theoretical basis for the evolution of higher plants and cytoplasmic male sterility breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian Province Universities, Fuzhou, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yang Ni
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zebin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Crop Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian Province Universities, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liubin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian Province Universities, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guotai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian Province Universities, Fuzhou, China
| | - Nuerla Nijiati
- Key Laboratory of Crop Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian Province Universities, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yunzhuo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian Province Universities, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xuanyang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian Province Universities, Fuzhou, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, Fuzhou, Fujian China
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A Comparative Study on Inhibition of Breast Cancer Cells and Tumors in Mice by Carotenoid Extract and Nanoemulsion Prepared from Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Peel. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14050980. [PMID: 35631566 PMCID: PMC9144854 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14050980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to determine carotenoid composition in sweet potato (TNG66) peel and prepare carotenoid nanoemulsion to study its inhibition effect on breast cancer cells MCF-7 and tumors in mice. Results showed that a total of 10 carotenoids were separated within 30 min by employing a YMC C30 column and a gradient mobile phase of methanol/acetonitrile/water (74:14:12, v/v/v) and dichloromethane (B) with a flow rate of 1 mL/min, column temperature of 25 °C, and detection wavelength of 450 nm. Following quantitation, all-trans-β-carotene was present in the highest amount (663.8 μg/g). The method validation data demonstrated a high accuracy and precision of this method. The carotenoid nanoemulsion was prepared by mixing an appropriate proportion of carotenoid extract, Tween 80, PEG 400, soybean oil and deionized water with the mean particle size being 15.7 nm (transmission electron microscope (TEM)), polydispersity index 0.238, encapsulation efficiency 97% and zeta potential −69.8 mV. A high stability of carotenoid nanoemulsion was shown over a 90-day storage period at 25 °C and during heating at 100 °C for 2 h. The release percentage of total carotenoids from carotenoid nanoemulsion under gastric and intestinal condition was 18.3% and 49.1%, respectively. An antiproliferation study revealed that carotenoid nanoemulsion was more effective than carotenoid extract in inhibiting the growth of human breast cancer cells MCF-7. Following treatments of paclitaxel (10 μg/mL), carotenoid nanoemulsion (20 and 10 μg/mL) and carotenoid extract (20 and 10 μg/mL), the tumor weight of mice respectively decreased by 77.4, 56.2, 40.3, 36.1 and 18.7%, as well as tumor volume of mice by 75.4, 65.0, 49.7, 46.7 and 26.5%. Also, both carotenoid extract and nanoemulsion could reduce the levels of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and (vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in serum, with the latter being more effective. This finding suggested that carotenoid nanoemulsion was more effective than carotenoid extract in inhibiting tumor growth in mice.
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Untargeted metabolomics of purple and orange-fleshed sweet potatoes reveals a large structural diversity of anthocyanins and flavonoids. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16408. [PMID: 34385537 PMCID: PMC8361111 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95901-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are economically valuable phytochemicals of significant relevance to human health. Industrially extracted from multiple fruit and vegetable sources, anthocyanin yield and profiles can vary between sources and growing conditions. In this study, we focused on three purple-fleshed and one orange-fleshed cultivars of sweet potato—a warm-weather, nutritious crop of substantial interest to growers in northern, cooler latitudes—to determine the yield and diversity of anthocyanins and flavonoids. Acidified ethanol extraction of lyophilized roots yielded ~ 800 mg average anthocyanins/100 g dry weight from all three cultivars. UHPLC-DAD-Orbitrap analysis of sweet potato extracts identified 18 high-confidence, mostly acylated peonidin and cyanidin derivatives contributing to > 90% of the total anthocyanin signal. Further assessment of the untargeted Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry data using deep learning and molecular networking identified over 350 flavonoid peaks with variable distributions in different sweet potato cultivars. These results provide a novel insight into anthocyanin content of purple-fleshed sweet potatoes grown in the northern latitudes, and reveal the large structural diversity of anthocyanins and flavonoids in this popular crop.
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Schex R, Lieb VM, Schäfer C, Schweiggert R, Steingass CB. Carotenoid profiles of red- and yellow-colored arils of cultivars of Taxus baccata L. and Taxus × media Rehder. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 186:112741. [PMID: 33845183 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The botanical delimitation of Taxus species and cultivars may be facilitated by characterizing the pigment profiles of their red- and yellow-fleshed arils. Therefore, we determined genuine carotenoid profiles of differently colored arils of seven defined cultivars of Taxus baccata L. and Taxus × media Rehder. In-depth HPLC-DAD-ESI/APCI-MSn analyses revealed the presence of 43 carotenoids. Exceptional retro-carotenoids dominated the profiles of all samples assessed. Rhodoxanthin (E/Z)-isomers were predominant in the red-colored arils, resulting in a rather unusual abundance of carotenoid isomers as expressed by ratios of up to 1.3:2.0:0.9 between (all-E)-, (6Z)-, and (6Z,6'Z)-rhodoxanthin, respectively. By contrast, the uncommon yellow arils of Taxus baccata L. 'Lutea' mainly contained eschscholtzxanthin (E/Z)-isomers and esters. Total carotenoid concentrations ranged from 17.00 to 58.78 μg/g fresh weight across all samples assessed. Highest total rhodoxanthin concentrations of 51.33 ± 0.46 μg/g fresh weight were obtained from the red arils of Taxus × media Rehder 'Hicksii'. Overall, Taxus arils represent a promising source of carotenoids and, in particular, of retro-carotenoids with exceptional molecular structures and extraordinary absorption properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Schex
- DSM Nutritional Products, Research and Development Center Forms, P.O. Box 2676, 4002, Basel, Switzerland; Geisenheim University, Institute of Beverage Research, Analysis and Technology of Plant-based Foods, Von-Lade-Strasse 1, 65366, Germany
| | - Veronika M Lieb
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis, Garbenstrasse 25, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christian Schäfer
- DSM Nutritional Products, Research and Development Center Forms, P.O. Box 2676, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ralf Schweiggert
- Geisenheim University, Institute of Beverage Research, Analysis and Technology of Plant-based Foods, Von-Lade-Strasse 1, 65366, Germany
| | - Christof B Steingass
- Geisenheim University, Institute of Beverage Research, Analysis and Technology of Plant-based Foods, Von-Lade-Strasse 1, 65366, Germany.
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12
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Trend of Modification by Autoclave at Low Pressure and by Natural Fermentation in Sweet Potato and Cassava Starches. POLYSACCHARIDES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/polysaccharides2020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas L.) and cassava (Manihot esculenta C.) are part of the largest food crops in many countries. They have good nutritional value because, in addition to containing vitamins, minerals, carotenoids, and anthocyanins in varied contents, due to the existence of various colors of their pulps, they have starch as their major constituent. As such, they are considered valuable raw materials for the food factory. The starch granules have distinct morphologies and properties, related to the type of cultivar, planting conditions, storage, and processing, which in turn can affect the quality of the final products to which they have been added. The use of native starches in the food industry has limitations, which can be improved by modifications. Physical methods, as they are associated with green technology, and do not pollute the environment, have demonstrated great potential for this purpose. Both modifications—by autoclave at low pressure and natural fermentation—have shown potential in modifying these starches.
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Comparative transcriptome analysis implied a ZEP paralog was a key gene involved in carotenoid accumulation in yellow-fleshed sweetpotato. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20607. [PMID: 33244002 PMCID: PMC7693279 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77293-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of carotenoid accumulation in yellow-fleshed sweetpotato cultivars are unclear. In this study, we compared the transcriptome profiles of a yellow-fleshed cultivar, Beniharuka (BH) and two of its spontaneous white-fleshed mutants (WH2 and WH3) to reveal the genes involved in yellow flesh. As a result of RNA sequencing, a total of 185 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were commonly detected in WH2 and WH3 compared to BH. Of these genes, 85 DEGs and 100 DEGs were commonly upregulated and downregulated in WH2 and WH3 compared to BH, respectively. g1103.t1, a paralog of zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP), was only DEG common to WH2 and WH3 among 38 genes considered to be involved in carotenoid biosynthesis in storage roots. The expression level of g1103.t1 was also considerably lower in five white-fleshed cultivars than in five yellow-fleshed cultivars. Analysis of carotenoid composition in the storage roots showed that the epoxidised carotenoids were drastically reduced in both WH2 and WH3. Therefore, we propose that the ZEP paralog, g1103.t1, may be involved in carotenoid accumulation through the epoxidation of β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin in sweetpotato.
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Influence of Heat Treatments on the Content of Bioactive Substances and Antioxidant Properties of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Tubers. J FOOD QUALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/8856260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat treatment can affect the bioactive compounds in sweet potato (SP). In this work, we monitored the influence of heat treatment (boiling, steaming, microwaving, and baking) on the total polyphenols content (TPC), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total anthocyanins content (TANTC), and phenolics acids (chlorogenic (CGA), neochlorogenic (neo-CGA), and trans-ferulic (tFA)) in two SP varieties grown in Slovakia and Croatia. TPC, TAC, and TANT were determined spectrophotometrically and phenolic acids by HPLC. TPC ranged from 576 (Beauregard, Croatia; Be/HR) to 3828 (414-purple, Slovakia; Pu/SK) mg/kg DW in the raw SP tubers. After heat treatment, TPC increased, most in steamed SP (8438 mg GAE/kg DW; Pu/SK), while only in boiled SP (Be/HR), TPC decreased (353 mg GAE/kg DW). TAC varied from 0.848 (Be/HR) to 8.67 (Pu/HR) (μmol TE/g DW) in raw SP. The TAC increased by heat treatment (max. 14.2 μmol TE/g DW; cooking Be/SK), except for Pu/HR. The TANT ranged from 151 (raw Pu/SK) to 1276 (microwaved Pu/SK) mg CyE/kg FW. Heat treatment had a negative effect on phenolic acid content; the largest reduction was after boiling: CGA by 29% (Pu/SK), neo-CGA by 69% (Pu/HR), and tFA by 29% (Be/HR). The influence of heat treatment on the monitored quantities is not definite.
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Kolawole FL, Balogun MA, Oyeyinka SA, Adejumo RO, Sanni‐Olayiwola HO. Effect of processing methods on the chemical composition and bio‐accessibility of beta‐carotene in orange‐fleshed sweet potato. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fausat L. Kolawole
- Department of Home Economics and Food ScienceUniversity of Ilorin Ilorin Nigeria
| | - Mutiat A. Balogun
- Department of Home Economics and Food ScienceUniversity of Ilorin Ilorin Nigeria
| | - Samson A. Oyeyinka
- Department of Home Economics and Food ScienceUniversity of Ilorin Ilorin Nigeria
- School of Agriculture and Food TechnologyAlafua CampusUniversity of the South Pacific Suva Fiji
| | - Raheemat O. Adejumo
- Department of Home Economics and Food ScienceUniversity of Ilorin Ilorin Nigeria
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