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Oladeji OS, Odelade KA, Mahal A, Obaidullah AJ, Zainul R. Systematic appraisals of naturally occurring alkaloids from medicinal plants. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03126-3. [PMID: 38767672 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03126-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Alkaloids are a complex class of biologically active compounds with a broad spectrum of health-related applications. Particularly the alkaloids of indole, steroidal, terpenoids, isoquinoline, and bisbenzylisoquinoline have been extensively investigated. Ultimately, substantial advancement has been highlighted in the investigation of chemical constituents and the therapeutic benefits of plant alkaloids, particularly during the last ten years. A total of 386 alkaloids have been isolated from over 40 families, including Apocynaceae, Annonaceae, Rubiaceae, Menispermaceae, Ranunculaceae, Buxaceae, Papaveraceae, Magnoliaceae, Rutaceae and Phyllanthaceae. This paper will investigate several alkaloids that have been isolated from botanical medicines as well as offer an in-depth analysis of their cytotoxic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwole Solomon Oladeji
- Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Physical Sciences, College of Pure and Applied Sciences, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, PMB 1001, Nigeria
- Landmark University Sustainable Development Goals III (SDG 3), Good Health and Well-Being, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, PMB 1001, Nigeria
| | | | - Ahmed Mahal
- Department of Medical Biochemical Analysis, College of Health Technology, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ahmad J Obaidullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahadian Zainul
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, Indonesia.
- Center for Advanced Material Processing, Artificial Intelligence, and Biophysics Informatics (CAMBIOTICS), Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, Indonesia.
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Nguyen HT, Nguyen PN, Van Le T, Nguyen TH, Nguyen LD, Tran PH. Synthesis of benzo[ a]carbazole derivatives via intramolecular cyclization using Brønsted acidic carbonaceous material as the catalyst. RSC Adv 2023; 13:28623-28631. [PMID: 37780732 PMCID: PMC10540035 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04943d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, a new procedure for the synthesis of benzo[a]carbazole from 1,3-diketones, primary amines, phenylglyoxal monohydrate, and malononitrile employing a solid acidic catalyst has been developed. The multicomponent reaction provided 3-cyanoacetamide pyrrole as an intermediate and then the formation of benzo[a]carbazole via intramolecular ring closure. The reaction was carried out for 2 h at 240 °C, resulting in the desired product with 73% yield. Acidic sites on the solid acid catalyst, made from rice husk-derived amorphous carbon with a sulfonic acid core (AC-SO3H), provided the best activity. Acidic sites on the surface of the catalyst, including carboxylic, phenolic, and sulfonic acids, were 4.606 mmol g-1 of the total acidity. AC-SO3H demonstrated low cost, low toxicity, porosity, stability, and flexibility of tuning and reusability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Truong Nguyen
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam
| | - Phat Ngoc Nguyen
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam
| | - Tan Van Le
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam
| | - Trinh Hao Nguyen
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam
| | - Linh Dieu Nguyen
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam
| | - Phuong Hoang Tran
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam
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Yohanes R, Harneti D, Supratman U, Fajriah S, Rudiana T. Phytochemistry and Biological Activities of Murraya Species. Molecules 2023; 28:5901. [PMID: 37570872 PMCID: PMC10421387 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Murraya is a plant genus within the Rutaceae family comprising over 17 species, which are widely distributed in Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands. Furthermore, these species have been used in traditional medicine to treat fever, pain, and dysentery. Several reports have also extensively studied the leaves, seeds, stembark, and bark of Murraya from 1965 to 2023 to explore their natural product composition. Various phytochemical studies have revealed the isolation of 413 compounds recorded, comprising coumarins, terpenoids, flavonoids, and aromatics, as well as alkaloids, which constitute the largest proportion (46.9%). These isolated compounds have long been known to exhibit different bioactivities, such as cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory properties. Cytotoxic activity has been observed against HCT 116, HeLa, HepG2, and other cell lines. Previous studies have also reported the presence of antifungal, hepatoprotective, antihyperlipidemic, antidiarrheal, and antioxidant effects. Therefore, this review provides a comprehensive overview of Murraya species, highlighting their phytochemistry, biological activities, and potential as a source of active natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricky Yohanes
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Desi Harneti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Unang Supratman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
- Central Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Sofa Fajriah
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Complex Cibinong Science—BRIN, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
| | - Tarso Rudiana
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Pharmacy and Health, Universitas Mathlaul Anwar, Pandeglang 42273, Indonesia
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Discovery of novel 2-hydroxyl-4-benzyloxybenzyl aniline derivatives as potential multifunctional agents for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 249:115142. [PMID: 36716641 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
To discover novel multifunctional agents for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, a series of 2-hydroxyl-4-benzyloxybenzyl aniline derivatives was designed, synthesized and evaluated. The biological screening indicated that representative compound 6h possessed excellent MAO-B inhibition (IC50 = 0.014 μM), high antioxidant activity (ORAC = 2.14 Trolox equivalent), good metal chelating ability, appropriate BBB permeability and significant neuroprotective effect. Additionally, 6h exhibited great ability to alleviate the neuroinflammtion by suppressing the activation of NF-κB pathway in vitro. Furthermore, 6h can also ameliorate MPTP induced Parkinson's disease symptoms in mice by improving the dopamine level and repressing oxidative damage. These results indicated that compound 6h was a promising candidate for further development against PD.
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Natural carbazole alkaloid murrayafoline A displays potent anti-neuroinflammatory effect by directly targeting transcription factor Sp1 in LPS-induced microglial cells. Bioorg Chem 2022; 129:106178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Phyto-Carbazole Alkaloids from the Rutaceae Family as Potential Protective Agents against Neurodegenerative Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030493. [PMID: 35326143 PMCID: PMC8944741 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived (phyto) carbazole alkaloids are an important class of compounds, presented in the family of Rutaceae (Genera Murraya, Clausena, Glycosmis, Micromelum and Zanthoxylum). Due to several significant biological activities, such as antitumor, antibacterial, antiviral, antidiabetic, anti-HIV and neuroprotective activities of the parent skeleton (3-methylcarbazole), carbazole alkaloids are recognized as an important class of potential therapeutic agents. Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) may exhibit a vast range of conditions, affecting neurons primarily and leading ultimately to the progressive losses of normal motor and cognitive functions. The main pathophysiological indicators of NDs comprise increasing atypical protein folding, oxidative stresses, mitochondrial dysfunctions, deranged neurotransmissions and neuronal losses. Phyto-carbazole alkaloids can be investigated for exerting multitarget approaches to ameliorating NDs. This review presents a comprehensive evaluation of the available scientific literature on the neuroprotective mechanisms of phyto-carbazole alkaloids from the Rutaceae family in ameliorating NDs.
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Ma X, Chen H, Zhu S, Tu P, Jiang Y. Trimeric and Dimeric Carbazole Alkaloids from Murraya microphylla. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26185689. [PMID: 34577160 PMCID: PMC8469674 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Seventeen new carbazole alkaloid derivatives, including a trimeric carbazole racemate, (±)-microphyltrine A (1), 15 dimeric carbazole racemates, (±)-microphyldines A–O (2–16), and a C-6–C-3″-methyl-linked dimeric carbazole, microphyldine P (17), were isolated from the leaves and stems of Murraya microphylla (Merr. et Chun) Swingle. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of HRESIMS and NMR data analysis. The optically pure isomers of these isolated carbazole alkaloids were obtained by chiral HPLC separation and their absolute configurations were determined by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) data analysis.
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Zhang X, Huang W, Lu X, Liu S, Feng H, Yang W, Ye J, Li F, Ke S, Wei D. Identification of Carbazole Alkaloid Derivatives with Acylhydrazone as Novel Anti-TMV Agents with the Guidance of a Digital Fluorescence Visual Screening. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:7458-7466. [PMID: 34165977 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Difficulty in preventing crops from plant viruses urges to discover novel efficient antiviral chemicals, which is sped up by precise screening methods. Fluorescence-based methods have recently been applied as innovative and rapid tools for visually monitoring the replication of viruses and screening of antivirals, whereas the quantification of fluorescence signals mainly depends on manually calculating the fluorescent spots, which is time-consuming and imprecise. In the present work, the fluorescence spots were automatically identified, and the fluorescence area was directly quantified by a program developed in our group, which avoided subjective errors from the operators. We further employed this digital and visual screening assay to identify antivirals using the tobacco mosaic virus-green fluorescence protein (TMV-GFP) construct, in which the expression of GFP intuitively reflected the efficacy of antivirals. The accuracy of this assay was validated by quantifying the activities of the commercial antiviral inhibitors ribavirin and ningnanmycin and then was applied to evaluate the subtle activity differences of a series of newly synthesized carbazole and β-carboline alkaloid derivatives. Among them, compounds 5 (76%) and 11 (63%) exhibited anti-TMV activities comparable to that of ningnanmycin (65%) at 50 μM, and they delayed the multiplication of TMV in the early stage of infection without phytotoxicity. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that the digital and visual TMV-GFP screening method was competent to test the antiviral activities of compounds with subtle modifications and facilitated the discovery of novel antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P. R. China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Huang
- National Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430064, P. R. China
| | - Xu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P. R. China
| | - Sisi Liu
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P. R. China
| | - Hui Feng
- College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P. R. China
| | - Wanneng Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Junli Ye
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P. R. China
| | - Shaoyong Ke
- National Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430064, P. R. China
| | - Dengguo Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P. R. China
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P. R. China
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Ma XL, Zhu SS, Liu Y, Chen HW, Shi YT, Zeng KW, Tu PF, Jiang Y. Carbazole alkaloids with potential cytotoxic activities targeted on PCK2 protein from Murraya microphylla. Bioorg Chem 2021; 114:105113. [PMID: 34175718 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
From the 95% aqueous ethanol extract of Murraya microphylla, five pairs of new carbazole alkaloid enantiomers, (+/-)-microphylines N-R (1a/1b-5a/5b), were isolated, together with 20 known carbazole alkaloids. The structures of the new compounds were determined by the HRMS and NMR spectroscopic data, along with the calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) and Mo2(AcO)4-induced CD data. The known compound (+)-mahanine (21) showed significant cytotoxicities against Du145, HepG2, HeLa, and HCT-116 cell lines, and its possible mechanism was deduced to target on phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 (PCK2) protein via surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and molecular docking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Si Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Tao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Wu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Fei Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China.
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Tabassum F, Hasan CM, Masud MM, Jamshidi S, Rahman KM, Ahsan M. Indole alkaloids from the leaves of Ravenia spectabilis engl. with activity against pancreatic cancer cell line. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 186:112744. [PMID: 33780702 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Two previously undescribed indole alkaloids, 3-prenyl-5(3-keto-but-1-enyl) indole and 3-prenyl-indole-5-carbaldehyde, the structurally-related 3,5-diprenyl indole and four known alkaloids were isolated from the leaves of Ravenia spectabilis Engl. Structures were elucidated based on nuclear magnetic resonance (1D and 2D NMR) spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analysis. The previously undescribed compounds isolated were subsequently screened against the HeLa (human cervical cancer), MIA PaCa-2 (human pancreatic adenocarcinoma) and A549 (lung cancer) cell lines. Among the isolated compounds, 3,5-diprenyl indole was the most cytotoxic across all three cell lines (MIA PaCa-2 IC50 = 9.5 ± 2.2 μM). Molecular modelling studies suggested DNA intercalation as the mode of action of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatema Tabassum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh; Department of Pharmacy, Northern University Bangladesh, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | | | - Mohammad Mehedi Masud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Shirin Jamshidi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Khondaker Miraz Rahman
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Monira Ahsan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
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Li Y, Lin L, Liu J, Gao L, Sheng L, Jin K, Liu X, Yang H, Li J. Synthesis and Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) Inhibitory Activity Evaluation of Novel N-Acylhydrazone Derivatives Containing Carbazole and Aromatic Ring/Aromatic Fused Heterocycle. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202105032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Li Y, Lin L, Jin K, Gao L, Sheng L, Liu J, Li J. Synthesis and Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) Inhibitory Activity Evaluation of Novel Arylaminoacetylhydrazone Derivatives Containing Carbazole Moiety. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202102046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Cao NK, Chen YM, Zhu SS, Zeng KW, Zhao MB, Li J, Tu PF, Jiang Y. Isolation and structure characterization of cytotoxic alkaloids from Micromelum integerrimum. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 178:112463. [PMID: 32888669 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ten undescribed alkaloids, named integerrines A-J, including one racemic heterodimer of carbazole and indole, two racemic, two scalemic, and one enantiomerically enriched biscarbazoles, two aldoximes, and one racemic pyrrolone, were isolated from the dried leaves and stems of Micromelum integerrimum. The racemic or scalemic compounds were resolved using chiral-phase HPLC and their configurations were determined by comparison of experimental and calculated ECD data. Four compounds exhibited moderate to weak cytotoxicities against HepG2, HTC-116, HeLa, and PANC-1 cell lines, with IC50 values of 14.1-67.5 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Kai Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Mei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Si Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Wu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Bo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Fei Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.
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