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Wang X, Xin J, Sun L, Sun Y, Xu Y, Zhao F, Niu C, Liu S. Exploring the Biomedical Potential of Terpenoid Alkaloids: Sources, Structures, and Activities. Molecules 2024; 29:1968. [PMID: 38731459 PMCID: PMC11085545 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29091968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Terpenoid alkaloids are recognized as a class of compounds with limited numbers but potent biological activities, primarily derived from plants, with a minor proportion originating from animals and microorganisms. These alkaloids are synthesized from the same prenyl unit that forms the terpene skeleton, with the nitrogen atom introduced through β-aminoethanol, ethylamine, or methylamine, leading to a range of complex and diverse structures. Based on their skeleton type, they can be categorized into monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, and triterpene alkaloids. To date, 289 natural terpenoid alkaloids, excluding triterpene alkaloids, have been identified in studies published between 2019 and 2024. These compounds demonstrate a spectrum of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antibacterial, analgesic, and cardioprotective effects, making them promising candidates for further development. This review provides an overview of the sources, chemical structures, and biological activities of natural terpenoid alkaloids, serving as a reference for future research and applications in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (X.W.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.)
| | - Jianzeng Xin
- School of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China;
| | - Lili Sun
- College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA;
| | - Yupei Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (X.W.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yaxi Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (X.W.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.)
| | - Feng Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (X.W.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.)
| | - Changshan Niu
- College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA;
| | - Sheng Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (X.W.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.)
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Torres-Rêgo M, Nogueira PCDN, Santos SPDD, Daniele-Silva A, Cavalcanti FF, Oliveira CIFBD, Rocha HAO, Fernandes-Pedrosa MDF, Silveira ER, Araújo RM. Isolation of indole alkaloids and a new norneolignan of hydroethanol extract from the stem barks of Aspidosperma nitidum Benth: Preclinical evaluation of safety and anti-inflammatory and healing properties. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117076. [PMID: 37619858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Aspidosperma nitidum Benth (Apocynaceae) is a tree found in Brazil especially in the Amazonia region, known as "carapanaúba", being used by indigenous and cabloco population in folk medicine in the treatment of malaria, leprosy, rheumatism, cancer, diabetes and inflammatory disorders. However, there are no scientific reports, up to now, to evidence its popular use as anti-inflammatory and healing agent. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to isolate indole alkaloids, as well as investigate the safety, anti-inflammatory and healing properties of hydroethanol extract from the stem barks of Aspidosperma nitidum Benth (An). MATERIAL AND METHODS The compounds were isolated using diverse chromatographic methodologies and the structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic analyses. The safety was evaluated in vitro through 3-methyl-[4-5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay using murine fibroblast (3T3) and monkey kidney (Vero E6) cell lines and by the hemolytic assay, as well as, in vivo, through acute toxicity model, which the mice received a single dose of 2000 mg/kg of An, by intra-gastric (i.g.) route, and behavioral, hematological and biochemical parameters were evaluated. The anti-edematogenic effect was monitored through carrageenan-induced paw edema model, in which the rodents were treated with 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of An by i. g., the percentage of edema (0-4 h), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β) levels were quantified. The anti-inflammatory activity was demonstrated through the zymosan-air-pouch model, in which the animals were treated with 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of An by i. g, and the leukocytes number, MPO, total protein and cytokines levels were determined. In addition, the healing potential was evaluated through a skin wound model, in which the mice received 50, 100 and 200 mg/mL of An in wound area, and the wound skins were photographed and the area calculated. RESULTS In total, five compounds were isolated in the An, being a new 8,9-dinorneolignan glucoside and four known indole alkaloids. The MTT and hemolytic assays, in all concentrations of the extract, demonstrated not be cytotoxic. Acute toxicity model also evidenced no sign of toxicity or significant changes on the behavior, biochemical and hematological parameters after use of the extract. In the edematogenic model, the An reduced significantly the percentage of edema, as well as, the MPO and pro-inflammatory cytokines levels. The same form, An revealed to be efficient in decreasing the leukocytes migration (mainly polymorphonuclears), total proteins, MPO and cytokines concentrations in the zymosan-air-pouch assay. Moreover, the An revealed a healing effect, reducing the area of the skin wound. CONCLUSION Ours results evidence in the first time, the anti-inflammatory and healing property of An, justifying its use in traditional medicine. Moreover, include cytotoxicity in vitro and acute toxicity in vivo tests, which indicate the safety of use of the extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoela Torres-Rêgo
- Graduate Program of Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Senador Salgado Filho Avenue, 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal, 59072-970, Brazil; Laboratory of Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (Tecbiofar), College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias Street, S/N, Petrópolis, Natal, 59012-570, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia Coelho do Nascimento Nogueira
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Humberto Monte Street, S/N, Campus Pici, Pici, Fortaleza, 60021-970, Brazil.
| | - Sarah Pollyana Dias Dos Santos
- Graduate Program of Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Senador Salgado Filho Avenue, 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal, 59072-970, Brazil.
| | - Alessandra Daniele-Silva
- Laboratory of Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (Tecbiofar), College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias Street, S/N, Petrópolis, Natal, 59012-570, Brazil.
| | - Felipe França Cavalcanti
- Graduate Program of Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Senador Salgado Filho Avenue, 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal, 59072-970, Brazil; Laboratory of Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (Tecbiofar), College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias Street, S/N, Petrópolis, Natal, 59012-570, Brazil.
| | | | - Hugo Alexandre Oliveira Rocha
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural Biopolymers, Department of Biochemistry, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Senador Salgado Filho Avenue, 3000, Lagoa Nova, 59072-970, Natal, Brazil.
| | - Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa
- Laboratory of Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (Tecbiofar), College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias Street, S/N, Petrópolis, Natal, 59012-570, Brazil.
| | - Edilberto Rocha Silveira
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Humberto Monte Street, S/N, Campus Pici, Pici, Fortaleza, 60021-970, Brazil.
| | - Renata Mendonça Araújo
- Graduate Program of Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Senador Salgado Filho Avenue, 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal, 59072-970, Brazil.
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Zhu C, Li K, Peng XX, Yao TJ, Wang ZY, Hu P, Cai D, Liu HY. Berberine a traditional Chinese drug repurposing: Its actions in inflammation-associated ulcerative colitis and cancer therapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1083788. [PMID: 36561763 PMCID: PMC9763584 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1083788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Berberine (BBR), an isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from Coptidis Rhizoma, has a long history of treating dysentery in the clinic. Over the past two decades, the polytrophic, pharmacological, and biochemical properties of BBR have been intensively studied. The key functions of BBR, including anti-inflammation, antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-obesity, and even antitumor, have been discovered. However, the underlying mechanisms of BBR-mediated regulation still need to be explored. Given that BBR is also a natural nutrition supplement, the modulatory effects of BBR on nutritional immune responses have attracted more attention from investigators. In this mini-review, we summarized the latest achievements of BBR on inflammation, gut microbes, macrophage polarization, and immune responses associated with their possible tools in the pathogenesis and therapy of ulcerative colitis and cancer in recent 5 years. We also discuss the therapeutic efficacy and anti-inflammatory actions of BBR to benefit future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuipeng Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kaiqi Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Xu Peng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tong-Jia Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Yu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ping Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Demin Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Hao-Yu Liu, ; Demin Cai,
| | - Hao-Yu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agricultural & Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Hao-Yu Liu, ; Demin Cai,
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Chemical Composition of Tobacco Seed Oils and Their Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Whitening Activities. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238516. [PMID: 36500609 PMCID: PMC9739832 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco seeds are a valuable food oil resource, and tobacco seed oil is rich in nutrients, especially polyunsaturated fatty acids. The aim of this work was to perform a comprehensive study on the chemical constituents, and the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and whitening activities of tobacco seed oils (NC89 and BS4). A GC/MS analysis revealed that NC89 and BS4 had 11 and 6 volatile compounds, respectively. The PUFA contents in NC89 and BS4 were 74.98% and 72.84%, respectively. These two tobacco seed oils also presented good radical scavenging capacities with the neutralization of ABTS, OH-, and superoxide (O2-) radicals in a concentration-dependent manner. Meanwhile, NC89 and BS4 inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and cell apoptosis, enhanced SOD and CAT activities, and increased the GSH content in H2O2-induced HepG2 cells. In addition, NC89 and BS4 exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting the expressions of NO, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in LPS-induced RAW.264.7 cells through the regulation of the MAPK signaling pathway. Moreover, NC89 and BS4 expressed whitening activities by inhibiting tyrosinase activity and intracellular melanin production. Therefore, tobacco seed oils could be used as an important oil resource for the development of high value-added products.
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Diterpenoid Alkaloids Isolated from Delphinium brunonianum and Their Inhibitory Effects on Hepatocytes Lipid Accumulation. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27072257. [PMID: 35408656 PMCID: PMC9000738 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to excavate compounds with activity reducing hepatocytes lipid accumulation from Delphinium brunonianum. Four novel diterpenoid alkaloids, brunodelphinine B–E, were isolated from D. brunonianum together with eleven known diterpenoid alkaloids through a phytochemical investigation. Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopy methods including HR-ESI-MS, NMR, IR, UV, CD, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The inhibitory effects of a total of 15 diterpenoid alkaloids on hepatocytes lipid accumulation were evaluated using 0.5 mM FFA (oleate/palmitate 2:1 ratio) to induce buffalo rat liver (BRL) cells by measuring the levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and the staining of oil red O. The results show that five diterpenoid alkaloids—brunodelphinine E (4), delbruline (5), lycoctonine (7), delbrunine (8), and sharwuphinine A (12)—exhibited significant inhibitory effects on lipid accumulation in a dose-dependent manner and without cytotoxicity. Among them, sharwuphinine A (12) displayed the strongest inhibition of hepatocytes lipid accumulation in vitro. Our research increased the understanding on the chemical composition of D. brunonianum and provided experimental and theoretical evidence for the active ingredients screened from this herbal medicine in the treatment of the diseases related to lipid accumulation, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hyperlipidemia.
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