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Dembitsky VM. Naturally Occurring Norsteroids and Their Design and Pharmaceutical Application. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1021. [PMID: 38790983 PMCID: PMC11117879 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The main focus of this review is to introduce readers to the fascinating class of lipid molecules known as norsteroids, exploring their distribution across various biotopes and their biological activities. The review provides an in-depth analysis of various modified steroids, including A, B, C, and D-norsteroids, each characterized by distinct structural alterations. These modifications, which range from the removal of specific methyl groups to changes in the steroid core, result in unique molecular architectures that significantly impact their biological activity and therapeutic potential. The discussion on A, B, C, and D-norsteroids sheds light on their unique configurations and how these structural modifications influence their pharmacological properties. The review also presents examples from natural sources that produce a diverse array of steroids with distinct structures, including the aforementioned A, B, C, and D-nor variants. These compounds are sourced from marine organisms like sponges, soft corals, and starfish, as well as terrestrial entities such as plants, fungi, and bacteria. The exploration of these steroids encompasses their biosynthesis, ecological significance, and potential medical applications, highlighting a crucial area of interest in pharmacology and natural product chemistry. The review emphasizes the importance of researching these steroids for drug development, particularly in addressing diseases where conventional medications are inadequate or for conditions lacking sufficient therapeutic options. Examples of norsteroid synthesis are provided to illustrate the practical applications of this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery M Dembitsky
- Centre for Applied Research, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Lethbridge College, 3000 College Drive South, Lethbridge, AB T1K 1L6, Canada
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Zhuang S, Yun H, Zhou X, Li Y, Li S, Liu C, Zhang Y. Screening, isolation, and activity evaluation of potential xanthine oxidase inhibitors in Poria Cum Radix Pini and mechanism of action in the treatment of gout disease. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2300505. [PMID: 38135883 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Poria Cum Radix Pini is a rare medicinal fungus that contains several potential therapeutic ingredients. On this basis, a particle swarm mathematical model was used to optimize the extraction process of total triterpenes from P. Cum Radix Pini, and xanthine oxidase inhibitors were screened using affinity ultrafiltration mass spectrometry. Meanwhile, the accuracy of the ultrafiltration assay was verified by molecular docking experiments and molecular dynamics analysis, and the mechanism of action of the active compounds for the treatment of gout was analyzed by enzymatic reaction kinetics and network pharmacology. A high-speed countercurrent chromatography method combined with the consecutive injection and the economical two-phase solvent system preparation using functional activity coefficient of universal quasichemical model (UNIFAC) mathematical model was developed for increasing the yield of target compound. In addition, dehydropachymic acid and pachymic acid were used as competitive inhibitors, and 3-O-acetyl-16alpha-hydroxydehydrotrametenolic acid and dehydrotrametenolic acid were used as mixed inhibitors. Then, activity-oriented separation and purification were performed by high-speed countercurrent chromatography combined with semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography and the purity of the four compounds isolated was higher than 90%. It will help to provide more opportunities to discover and develop new potential therapeutic remedies from health care food resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Zhuang
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Haocheng Yun
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Xu Zhou
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Yanjie Li
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Sainan Li
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Chunming Liu
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Yuchi Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
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Zhao ZY, Tong YP, Jiang W, Zang Y, Xiong J, Li J, Hu JF. Structurally Diverse Triterpene-26-oic Acids as Potential Dual ACL and ACC1 Inhibitors from the Vulnerable Conifer Keteleeria fortunei. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:1487-1499. [PMID: 37291059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A preliminary phytochemical investigation on the 90% MeOH extract from the twigs and needles of the vulnerable conifer Keteleeria fortunei led to the isolation and characterization of 17 structurally diverse triterpen-26-oic acids, including nine previously undescribed ones (fortunefuroic acids A-I, 1-9) featuring a rare furoic acid moiety in the lateral chain. Among them, 1-5 are uncommon 9βH-lanostane-type triterpenoic acids. Friedo-rearranged triterpenoids 6 and 7 feature a unique 17,14-friedo-lanostane skeleton, whereas 9 possesses a rare 17,13-friedo-cycloartane-type framework. Their structures and absolute configurations were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic (e.g., detailed 2D NMR) and computational (NMR/ECD) calculations and the modified Mosher's method. In addition, the absolute structure of compound 1 was ascertained by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. Fortunefuroic acids B (2), G (7), and I (9), along with isomangiferolic acid (12) and 3α,27-dihydroxycycloart-24E-en-26-oic acid (14), exhibited dual inhibitory effects against the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-citrate lyase (ACL, IC50s: 5.7-11.4 μM) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1, IC50s: 7.5-10.5 μM), both of which are key enzymes for glycolipid metabolism. The interactions of the bioactive triterpenoids with both enzymes were examined by molecular docking studies. The above findings reveal the important role of protecting plant species diversity in support of chemical diversity and potential sources of new therapeutics for ACL-/ACC1-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Yu Zhao
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Natural Medicine and Health Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Peng Tong
- Institute of Natural Medicine and Health Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Hubei 430023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Xiong
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Feng Hu
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Natural Medicine and Health Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, People's Republic of China
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