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Home P, Ghosh A, Kumar RP, Ray S, Gunewardena S, Kumar R, Dasgupta P, Roy N, Saha A, Ouseph MM, Leone GW, Paul S. A Single Trophoblast Layer Acts as the Gatekeeper at the Endothelial-Hematopoietic Crossroad in the Placenta. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.12.603303. [PMID: 39071312 PMCID: PMC11275844 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.12.603303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
During embryonic development the placental vasculature acts as a major hematopoietic niche, where endothelial to hematopoietic transition ensures emergence of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate the placental hematoendothelial niche are poorly understood. Using a parietal trophoblast giant cell (TGC)-specific knockout mouse model and single-cell RNA-sequencing, we show that the paracrine factors secreted by the TGCs are critical in the development of this niche. Disruptions in the TGC-specific paracrine signaling leads to the loss of HSC population and the concomitant expansion of a KDR+/DLL4+/PROM1+ hematoendothelial cell-population in the placenta. Combining single-cell transcriptomics and receptor-ligand pair analyses, we also define the parietal TGC-dependent paracrine signaling network and identify Integrin signaling as a fundamental regulator of this process. Our study elucidates novel mechanisms by which non-autonomous signaling from the primary parietal TGCs maintain the delicate placental hematopoietic-angiogenic balance and ensures embryonic and extraembryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Home
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Present address: XenoTech, A BioIVT Company, 1101 W Cambridge Cir Dr, Kansas City, KS 66103
| | - Ananya Ghosh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Present address: Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, 35, Medical 12 Center Way, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Ram Parikshan Kumar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Institute for Reproductive Health and Perinatal Research, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Soma Ray
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Sumedha Gunewardena
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Rajnish Kumar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Purbasa Dasgupta
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Namrata Roy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Abhik Saha
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Madhu M. Ouseph
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Gustavo W. Leone
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, WI 53226, USA
| | - Soumen Paul
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Institute for Reproductive Health and Perinatal Research, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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Herdl S, Huebner H, Volkert G, Marek I, Menendez-Castro C, Noegel SC, Ruebner M, Rascher W, Hartner A, Fahlbusch FB. Integrin α8 Is Abundant in Human, Rat, and Mouse Trophoblasts. Reprod Sci 2017; 24:1426-1437. [PMID: 28136130 DOI: 10.1177/1933719116689597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Integrins exert regulatory functions in placentogenesis. Null mutation of certain integrin α subunits leads to placental defects with subsequent fetal growth restriction or embryonic lethality in mice. So far, the placental role of α8 integrin remains to be determined. METHODS Localization of α8 integrin and its ligands, fibronectin (FN) and osteopontin (OPN), was studied by immunohistochemistry in human, rat, and mouse placenta. The vascularization of the placental labyrinth layer of α8 integrin-deficient mice was determined by CD31 staining. In humans, α8 integrin expression was assessed via real-time polymerase chain reaction in healthy placentas, in the placental pathologies such as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), preeclampsia, and HELLP-syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelet count), as well as in primary extravillous trophoblasts (EVT) and villous trophoblasts. RESULTS In humans, α8 integrin was detected in first and third trimester syncytiotrophoblast and EVT. Although OPN showed the same localization, FN was observed in EVT only. No expressional changes in α8 integrin were detected in the placental pathologies studied. Rodent placenta showed α8 integrin expression in giant cells and in the labyrinth layer. The localization of OPN and FN, however, showed species-specific differences. Knockout of α8 integrin in mice did not cause IUGR, despite some reduction in labyrinth layer vascularization. CONCLUSION α8 Integrin is expressed in functional placental compartments among its ligands, OPN and/or FN, across species. Although this may point to a regulatory role in trophoblast function, our data from α8 integrin-deficient mice indicated only mild placental pathology. Thus, the lack of placental α8 integrin seems to be largely compensated for.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Herdl
- 1 Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hanna Huebner
- 2 Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gudrun Volkert
- 1 Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ines Marek
- 1 Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carlos Menendez-Castro
- 1 Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephanie C Noegel
- 1 Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Ruebner
- 2 Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Rascher
- 1 Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrea Hartner
- 1 Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fabian B Fahlbusch
- 1 Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Isaac SM, Qu D, Adamson SL. Effect of selective fetectomy on morphology of the mouse placenta. Placenta 2016; 46:11-17. [PMID: 27697216 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Placental examination is recommended when genetic mutations cause fetal lethality in mice. But how fetal death alters histomorphology of the surviving mouse placenta is not known. METHODS Placentas were examined at E17.5 after fetectomy of 1-2 fetal mice per pregnancy at either embryonic day (E) 15.5 (N = 8; Fx-2 group) or E13.5 (N = 5; Fx-4 group), which left 12 ± 2 surviving fetuses per litter. RESULTS Fetectomy caused no changes in placental weights and no increases in placental hypoxia (pimonidazole staining). The size and cell morphology of the decidua and junctional zone regions were unchanged and, in the Fx-2 group, these regions became significantly less hypoxic. Significant changes in labyrinth volume included a 30% increase in the Fx-2 group and in both groups, a >50% decrease in % fetal blood space and >40% increase in % labyrinth tissue. Maternal blood sinusoid volume was unchanged. Cell death in the labyrinth was significantly increased (22-fold increase in TUNEL staining) whereas placental mRNA expression of the proliferation marker Mki67 was unchanged. mRNA expression of sFlt1 and Prl3b1 (mPL-II) was unchanged in the labyrinth and junctional zone tissues in the Fx-2 group and in whole placental tissue in the Fx-4 group. DISCUSSION Placental examination of the junctional zone and decidual regions after spontaneous fetal death in late gestation is likely to yield useful phenotypic information and abnormalities that may contribute to fetal death. In contrast, labyrinth abnormalities including increased tissue volume and reduced fetoplacental vascularity may not be due to genetic perturbation nor predate fetal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Isaac
- Departments of Physiology, and Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dawei Qu
- Departments of Physiology, and Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S Lee Adamson
- Departments of Physiology, and Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Walentin K, Hinze C, Schmidt-Ott KM. The basal chorionic trophoblast cell layer: An emerging coordinator of placenta development. Bioessays 2016; 38:254-65. [PMID: 26778584 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201500087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
During gestation, fetomaternal exchange occurs in the villous tree (labyrinth) of the placenta. Development of this structure depends on tightly coordinated cellular processes of branching morphogenesis and differentiation of specialized trophoblast cells. The basal chorionic trophoblast (BCT) cell layer that localizes next to the chorioallantoic interface is of critical importance for labyrinth morphogenesis in rodents. Gcm1-positive cell clusters within this layer initiate branching morphogenesis thereby guiding allantoic fetal blood vessels towards maternal blood sinuses. Later these cells differentiate and contribute to the syncytiotrophoblast of the fetomaternal barrier. Additional cells within the BCT layer sustain continued morphogenesis, possibly through a repopulating progenitor population. Several mouse mutants highlight the importance of a structurally intact BCT epithelium, and a growing number of studies addresses its patterning and epithelial architecture. Here, we review and discuss emerging concepts in labyrinth development focussing on the biology of the BCT cell layer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Hinze
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Nephrology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai M Schmidt-Ott
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Nephrology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Burkin DJ, Fontelonga TM. Mesothelioma cells breaking bad: loss of integrin α7 promotes cell motility and poor clinical outcomes in patients. J Pathol 2015; 237:282-4. [PMID: 26174987 DOI: 10.1002/path.4587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Mesothelioma is a disease of pleural cells lining the lungs which is often caused by exposure to asbestos. The molecular mechanism(s) that regulate the transformation of pleural mesothelioma cells to a migratory and malignant phenotype are unclear. In recent work published in this journal, Laszlo et al performed a set of elegant experiments to identify a key molecular mechanism that may explain the aggressive nature of this disease. Using patient-derived mesothelioma cells with high versus low migratory activity, the authors conducted a genome-wide expression analysis. They identified a significant reduction in ITGA7 expression only in highly migratory malignant pleural mesothelioma cells and showed that loss of ITGA7 expression was associated with methylation of the promoter. Forced expression of integrin α7 reversed the migratory phenotype of these cells. Finally, the authors identified a strong correlation between ITGA7 expression and patient survival. Together, these results identify expression of integrin α7 as a molecular mechanism for the aggressive migratory transformation of mesothelioma and identify a potentially novel diagnostic and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean J Burkin
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Nevada School of Medicine, 1664 N Virginia Avenue, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Tatiana M Fontelonga
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Nevada School of Medicine, 1664 N Virginia Avenue, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
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Integrin-mediated cell-matrix interaction in physiological and pathological blood vessel formation. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2011; 2012:125278. [PMID: 21941547 PMCID: PMC3175391 DOI: 10.1155/2012/125278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Physiological as well as pathological blood vessel formation are fundamentally dependent on cell-matrix interaction. Integrins, a family of major cell adhesion receptors, play a pivotal role in development, maintenance, and remodeling of the vasculature. Cell migration, invasion, and remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) are integrin-regulated processes, and the expression of certain integrins also correlates with tumor progression. Recent advances in the understanding of how integrins are involved in the regulation of blood vessel formation and remodeling during tumor progression are highlighted. The increasing knowledge of integrin function at the molecular level, together with the growing repertoire of integrin inhibitors which allow their selective pharmacological manipulation, makes integrins suited as potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets.
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Stem cell integrins: Implications for ex-vivo culture and cellular therapies. Stem Cell Res 2011; 6:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2010.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Revised: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Alterations of the gene expression profile in renal cell carcinoma after treatment with the histone deacetylase-inhibitor valproic acid and interferon-alpha. World J Urol 2010; 29:779-86. [PMID: 20640575 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-010-0582-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is highly resistant to chemotherapy and unresponsive to radio- and immunotherapy. Recently, we have documented that the histone deacetylase (HDAC)-inhibitor valproic acid (VPA) in combination with low-dosed interferon (IFN)-alpha significantly inhibits RCC proliferation and adhesion in vitro and in vivo. The current study investigated the effects of these compounds on gene transcription of metastatic RCC cell line Caki-1 after 3 and 5 days exposure. METHODS To evaluate the gene expression profiles of the RCC cells, we performed microarray analysis using Affymetrix GeneChip. Selected significant genes were further validated by Real Time PCR. RESULTS Microarray revealed that VPA altered genes that are involved in cell growth, cell survival, immune response, cell motility and cell adhesion. Combination of VPA with IFN-alpha not only enhanced the effects on gene transcription but also resulted in the expression of novel genes, which were not induced by either VPA or IFN-alpha alone. Among the up-regulated genes were chemokines (CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL16) and integrins (ITGA2, ITGA4, ITGA5, ITGA6, ITGA7). Genes encoding for adhesion molecules (NCAM1, ICAM1, VCAM1) were also modulated. Real Time PCR approved these findings. CONCLUSION This data provides insight into the molecular mechanism of action of the combined treatment of VPA and IFN-alpha in RCC. Implications are that the combined application of VPA and IFN-alpha may represent a more efficient alternative to existing therapy options for RCC.
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Welser JV, Rooney JE, Cohen NC, Gurpur PB, Singer CA, Evans RA, Haines BA, Burkin DJ. Myotendinous junction defects and reduced force transmission in mice that lack alpha7 integrin and utrophin. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2009; 175:1545-54. [PMID: 19729483 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.090052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The alpha7beta1 integrin, dystrophin, and utrophin glycoprotein complexes are the major laminin receptors in skeletal muscle. Loss of dystrophin causes Duchenne muscular dystrophy, a lethal muscle wasting disease. Duchenne muscular dystrophy-affected muscle exhibits increased expression of alpha7beta1 integrin and utrophin, which suggests that these laminin binding complexes may act as surrogates in the absence of dystrophin. Indeed, mice that lack dystrophin and alpha7 integrin (mdx/alpha7(-/-)), or dystrophin and utrophin (mdx/utr(-/-)), exhibit severe muscle pathology and die prematurely. To explore the contribution of the alpha7beta1 integrin and utrophin to muscle integrity and function, we generated mice lacking both alpha7 integrin and utrophin. Surprisingly, mice that lack both alpha7 integrin and utrophin (alpha7/utr(-/-)) were viable and fertile. However, these mice had partial embryonic lethality and mild muscle pathology, similar to alpha7 integrin-deficient mice. Dystrophin levels were increased 1.4-fold in alpha7/utr(-/-) skeletal muscle and were enriched at neuromuscular junctions. Ultrastructural analysis revealed abnormal myotendinous junctions, and functional tests showed a ninefold reduction in endurance and 1.6-fold decrease in muscle strength in these mice. The alpha7/utr(-/-) mouse, therefore, demonstrates the critical roles of alpha7 integrin and utrophin in maintaining myotendinous junction structure and enabling force transmission during muscle contraction. Together, these results indicate that the alpha7beta1 integrin, dystrophin, and utrophin complexes act in a concerted manner to maintain the structural and functional integrity of skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer V Welser
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
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Rooney JE, Gurpur PB, Yablonka-Reuveni Z, Burkin DJ. Laminin-111 restores regenerative capacity in a mouse model for alpha7 integrin congenital myopathy. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2008; 174:256-64. [PMID: 19074617 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.080522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the alpha7 integrin gene cause congenital myopathy characterized by delayed developmental milestones and impaired mobility. Previous studies in dystrophic mice suggest the alpha7beta1 integrin may be critical for muscle repair. To investigate the role that alpha7beta1 integrin plays in muscle regeneration, cardiotoxin was used to induce damage in the tibialis anterior muscle of alpha7 integrin-null mice. Unlike wild-type muscle, which responded rapidly to repair damaged myofibers, alpha7 integrin-deficient muscle exhibited defective regeneration. Analysis of Pax7 and MyoD expression revealed a profound delay in satellite cell activation after cardiotoxin treatment in alpha7 integrin-null animals when compared with wild type. We have recently demonstrated that the muscle of alpha7 integrin-null mice exhibits reduced laminin-alpha2 expression. To test the hypothesis that loss of laminin contributes to the defective muscle regeneration phenotype observed in alpha7 integrin-null mice, mouse laminin-111 (alpha1, beta1, gamma1) protein was injected into the tibialis anterior muscle 3 days before cardiotoxin-induced injury. The injected laminin-111 protein infiltrated the entire muscle and restored myogenic repair and muscle regeneration in alpha7 integrin-null muscle to wild-type levels. Our data demonstrate a critical role for a laminin-rich microenvironment in muscle repair and suggest laminin- 111 protein may serve as an unexpected and novel therapeutic agent for patients with congenital myopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jachinta E Rooney
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
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Abstract
Cell migration is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that underlies the development and functioning of uni- and multicellular organisms and takes place in normal and pathogenic processes, including various events of embryogenesis, wound healing, immune response, cancer metastases, and angiogenesis. Despite the differences in the cell types that take part in different migratory events, it is believed that all of these migrations occur by similar molecular mechanisms, whose major components have been functionally conserved in evolution and whose perturbation leads to severe developmental defects. These mechanisms involve intricate cytoskeleton-based molecular machines that can sense the environment, respond to signals, and modulate the entire cell behavior. A big question that has concerned the researchers for decades relates to the coordination of cell migration in situ and its relation to the intracellular aspects of the cell migratory mechanisms. Traditionally, this question has been addressed by researchers that considered the intra- and extracellular mechanisms driving migration in separate sets of studies. As more data accumulate researchers are now able to integrate all of the available information and consider the intracellular mechanisms of cell migration in the context of the developing organisms that contain additional levels of complexity provided by extracellular regulation. This review provides a broad summary of the existing and emerging data in the cell and developmental biology fields regarding cell migration during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kurosaka
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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