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Croy BA, Chen Z, Hofmann AP, Lord EM, Sedlacek AL, Gerber SA. Imaging of vascular development in early mouse decidua and its association with leukocytes and trophoblasts. Biol Reprod 2012; 87:125. [PMID: 22954796 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.112.102830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In species with endometrial decidualization and hemochorial placentation (humans, mice, and others), leukocytes localize to early implant sites and contribute to decidual angiogenesis, spiral arterial remodeling, and trophoblast invasion. Relationships between leukocytes, trophoblasts, and the decidual vasculature are not fully defined. Early C57BL/6J implant sites were analyzed by flow cytometry to define leukocyte subsets and by whole-mount immunohistochemistry to visualize relationships between leukocytes, decidual vessels, and trophoblasts. Ptprc(+) (CD45(+)) cells increased in decidua between Gestational Day (GD) 5.5 and GD 9.5. Uterine natural killer (uNK) cells that showed dynamic expression of Cd (CD) 69, an activating receptor, and Klrg1 (KLRG1), an inhibitory receptor, localized mesometrially and were the dominant CD45(+) cells between GD 5.5 and GD 7.5. At GD 8.5, immature monocytes that occurred throughout decidua exceeded uNK cells numerically and many leukocytes acquired irregular shapes, and leukocyte-leukocyte conjugates became frequent. Vessels were morphologically heterogeneous and regionally unique. Migrating trophoblasts were first observed at GD 6.5 and, at GD 9.5, breached endothelium, entered vascular lumens, and appeared to occlude some vessels, as described for human spiral arteries. No leukocyte-trophoblast conjugates were detected. Whole-mount staining gave unparalleled decidual vascular detail and cell-specific positional information. Its application across murine models of pregnancy disturbances should significantly advance our understanding of the maternal-fetal interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Anne Croy
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
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Seaward AVC, Burke SD, Ramshaw H, Smith GN, Croy BA. Circulating CD56+ cells of diabetic women show deviated homing potential for specific tissues during and following pregnancy. Hum Reprod 2011; 26:1675-84. [PMID: 21489978 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/der114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human uterine natural killer (uNK) cells, the dominant lymphocytes in early pregnancy decidua, are important for spiral arterial remodelling. uNK cells are thought to arise from circulating CD56(bright) NK cells that egress into decidualizing endometrium. Both incomplete spiral arterial modification and aberrant NK cell function have been linked with pre-eclampsia, a syndrome that is more prevalent in diabetic women. Since previous in vitro studies have shown that changes in decidual endothelium induced by type 1 diabetes (T1D) reduce its interactions with circulating leucocytes, we hypothesized that diabetes additionally has direct effects on circulating CD56(+) NK cells that impair their decidual homing potential. METHODS Serial blood samples were collected from control, T1D and T2D pregnant women throughout and after pregnancy. In vitro adhesion under shear forces was used to assay the functional capacity of circulating leucocytes and of CD56(+) cells to adhere to endothelium in cryostat sections of gestation day (gd) 7 normal mouse decidua, pancreas and lymph node. RESULTS Fewer CD56(+) cells from diabetic compared with control women adhered to normal decidual endothelium. The CD56(+) cell/total cell adhesion ratio was also lower in diabetics. More diabetic CD56(+) cells adhered to pancreatic endothelium and their proportion was greater than for controls. Neither absolute nor proportional adhesion of CD56(+) cells to lymph node endothelium differed between diabetics and controls. CONCLUSIONS The CD56(+) cell adhesion patterns of T1D and T2D women differ from those of non-diabetic women and support the hypothesis that diabetes impairs mechanisms that could be used by CD56(+) cells for egress into decidua.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V C Seaward
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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HIYAMA M, KUSAKABE KT, KUWAHARA A, WAKITANI S, KHAN H, KISO Y. Differentiation of Uterine Natural Killer Cells in Pregnant SCID (scid/scid) Mice. J Vet Med Sci 2011; 73:1337-40. [DOI: 10.1292/jvms.11-0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Masato HIYAMA
- Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University
| | - Ken Takeshi KUSAKABE
- Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University
| | - Ai KUWAHARA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University
| | - Shoichi WAKITANI
- Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University
| | - Hamayun KHAN
- Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University
| | - Yasuo KISO
- Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University
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Kerkel K, Schupf N, Hatta K, Pang D, Salas M, Kratz A, Minden M, Murty V, Zigman WB, Mayeux RP, Jenkins EC, Torkamani A, Schork NJ, Silverman W, Croy BA, Tycko B. Altered DNA methylation in leukocytes with trisomy 21. PLoS Genet 2010; 6:e1001212. [PMID: 21124956 PMCID: PMC2987931 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1001212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2009] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary abnormality in Down syndrome (DS), trisomy 21, is well known; but how this chromosomal gain produces the complex DS phenotype, including immune system defects, is not well understood. We profiled DNA methylation in total peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) and T-lymphocytes from adults with DS and normal controls and found gene-specific abnormalities of CpG methylation in DS, with many of the differentially methylated genes having known or predicted roles in lymphocyte development and function. Validation of the microarray data by bisulfite sequencing and methylation-sensitive Pyrosequencing (MS-Pyroseq) confirmed strong differences in methylation (p<0.0001) for each of 8 genes tested: TMEM131, TCF7, CD3Z/CD247, SH3BP2, EIF4E, PLD6, SUMO3, and CPT1B, in DS versus control PBL. In addition, we validated differential methylation of NOD2/CARD15 by bisulfite sequencing in DS versus control T-cells. The differentially methylated genes were found on various autosomes, with no enrichment on chromosome 21. Differences in methylation were generally stable in a given individual, remained significant after adjusting for age, and were not due to altered cell counts. Some but not all of the differentially methylated genes showed different mean mRNA expression in DS versus control PBL; and the altered expression of 5 of these genes, TMEM131, TCF7, CD3Z, NOD2, and NPDC1, was recapitulated by exposing normal lymphocytes to the demethylating drug 5-aza-2′deoxycytidine (5aza-dC) plus mitogens. We conclude that altered gene-specific DNA methylation is a recurrent and functionally relevant downstream response to trisomy 21 in human cells. Down syndrome (DS; trisomy 21) is caused by the gain of a single extra chromosome 21. However, the mechanisms by which this extra chromosome produces the medical abnormalities seen in DS, including not only mental retardation but also susceptibility to autoimmune diseases and recurrent infections, are still not understood. DNA methylation is a mechanism that might contribute to these abnormalities. To test this possibility, we profiled DNA methylation in white blood cells from adults with DS and normal controls and found recurrent abnormalities of gene methylation in DS, with several of the differentially methylated genes having roles in blood cells. Among the genes with hypo- or hyper-methylation in white blood cells or purified T-lymphocytes from adults with DS, compared to these same types of cells from normal adults, were TMEM131, TCF7, CD3Z, SH3BP2, EIF4E, SUMO3, CPT1B, NOD2/CARD15, NPDC1, and PLD6. Several of these genes showed not only different methylation but also different expression in DS versus control blood cells, which was recapitulated by exposing normal white blood cells to a demethylating drug. These findings show that altered DNA methylation of a specific group of genes is a fundamental cellular response to the gain of an extra chromosome 21 in humans. The abnormally methylated genes identified here may contribute to immune system abnormalities in people with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristi Kerkel
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Nicole Schupf
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Departments of Human Genetics, Epidemiology, and Psychiatry, Institute for Basic Research on Developmental Disabilities, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kota Hatta
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Microbiology and Immunology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Deborah Pang
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Martha Salas
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Alexander Kratz
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Mark Minden
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto and Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Vundavalli Murty
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Warren B. Zigman
- Departments of Human Genetics, Epidemiology, and Psychiatry, Institute for Basic Research on Developmental Disabilities, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Richard P. Mayeux
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Edmund C. Jenkins
- Departments of Human Genetics, Epidemiology, and Psychiatry, Institute for Basic Research on Developmental Disabilities, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ali Torkamani
- Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Nicholas J. Schork
- Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Wayne Silverman
- Department of Behavioral Psychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - B. Anne Croy
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Microbiology and Immunology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Benjamin Tycko
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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