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Rahman S, Islam MS, Roy AK, Hasan T, Chowdhury NH, Ahmed S, Raqib R, Baqui AH, Khanam R. Maternal serum biomarkers of placental insufficiency at 24-28 weeks of pregnancy in relation to the risk of delivering small-for-gestational-age infant in Sylhet, Bangladesh: a prospective cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2024; 24:418. [PMID: 38858611 PMCID: PMC11163798 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-06588-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small-for-gestational-age (SGA), commonly caused by poor placentation, is a major contributor to global perinatal mortality and morbidity. Maternal serum levels of placental protein and angiogenic factors are changed in SGA. Using data from a population-based pregnancy cohort, we estimated the relationships between levels of second-trimester pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), placental growth factor (PlGF), and serum soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) with SGA. METHODS Three thousand pregnant women were enrolled. Trained health workers prospectively collected data at home visits. Maternal blood samples were collected, serum aliquots were prepared and stored at -80℃. Included in the analysis were 1,718 women who delivered a singleton live birth baby and provided a blood sample at 24-28 weeks of gestation. We used Mann-Whitney U test to examine differences of the median biomarker concentrations between SGA (< 10th centile birthweight for gestational age) and appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA). We created biomarker concentration quartiles and estimated the risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for SGA by quartiles separately for each biomarker. A modified Poisson regression was used to determine the association of the placental biomarkers with SGA, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS The median PlGF level was lower in SGA pregnancies (934 pg/mL, IQR 613-1411 pg/mL) than in the AGA (1050 pg/mL, IQR 679-1642 pg/mL; p < 0.001). The median sFlt-1/PlGF ratio was higher in SGA pregnancies (2.00, IQR 1.18-3.24) compared to AGA pregnancies (1.77, IQR 1.06-2.90; p = 0.006). In multivariate regression analysis, women in the lowest quartile of PAPP-A showed 25% higher risk of SGA (95% CI 1.09-1.44; p = 0.002). For PlGF, SGA risk was higher in women in the lowest (aRR 1.40, 95% CI 1.21-1.62; p < 0.001) and 2nd quartiles (aRR 1.30, 95% CI 1.12-1.51; p = 0.001). Women in the highest and 3rd quartiles of sFlt-1 were at reduced risk of SGA delivery (aRR 0.80, 95% CI 0.70-0.92; p = 0.002, and aRR 0.86, 95% CI 0.75-0.98; p = 0.028, respectively). Women in the highest quartile of sFlt-1/PlGF ratio showed 18% higher risk of SGA delivery (95% CI 1.02-1.36; p = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that PAPP-A, PlGF, and sFlt-1/PlGF ratio measurements may be useful second-trimester biomarkers for SGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayedur Rahman
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Akademiska sjukhuset, Uppsala, SE- 751 85, Sweden.
| | | | - Anjan Kumar Roy
- International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tarik Hasan
- Projahnmo Research Foundation, Banani, Dhaka, 1213, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Rubhana Raqib
- International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah H Baqui
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Rasheda Khanam
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
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Vincze M, Sikovanyecz J, Molnár A, Földesi I, Surányi A, Várbíró S, Németh G, Sikovanyecz J, Kozinszky Z. Predictive Capabilities of Human Leukocyte Antigen-G and Galectin-13 Levels in the Amniotic Fluid and Maternal Blood for the Pregnancy Outcome. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:85. [PMID: 38256346 PMCID: PMC10820789 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Increasing evidence points to the significant role of the angiogenic factor levels in screening for pregnancy outcome. To examine the potential relationship between concentrations of placental protein 13 (PP13) and soluble human leukocyte antigen-G (sHLA-G) in maternal serum and amniotic fluid at 16-23 weeks of gestation and the sonographic features of pregnancy as well as pregnancy outcome. Materials and Methods: PP13 and sHLA-G in serum and amniotic fluid, fetal biometrical data, and placental volume and perfusion indices were determined in 71 euploid, singleton pregnancies. Results: The serum sHLA-G level exhibits a negative correlation with the serum PP13 level (r = -0.186, p < 0.001) and a positive correlation with the sHLA-G level in amniotic fluid (r = 0.662, p < 0.001). A significant correlation was found between serum sHLA-G level and placental volume (r = 0.142, p < 0.05) and between amniotic sHLA-G level and placental perfusion (r = -0.450, p < 0.001). A low amniotic PP13 level significantly predicted the birth weight (r = -0.102, p < 0.05), the duration of pregnancy (r = -0.155, p < 0.05), and the fetal abdominal circumference (r = -0.098, p < 0.05). Conclusions: PP13 assayed in amniotic fluid might be a potential marker of fetal growth, and sHLA-G can be an adjunct modality reflecting placental sonographic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márió Vincze
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary; (M.V.); (J.S.J.); (A.M.); (A.S.); (S.V.); (G.N.); (J.S.)
| | - János Sikovanyecz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary; (M.V.); (J.S.J.); (A.M.); (A.S.); (S.V.); (G.N.); (J.S.)
| | - András Molnár
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary; (M.V.); (J.S.J.); (A.M.); (A.S.); (S.V.); (G.N.); (J.S.)
| | - Imre Földesi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Andrea Surányi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary; (M.V.); (J.S.J.); (A.M.); (A.S.); (S.V.); (G.N.); (J.S.)
| | - Szabolcs Várbíró
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary; (M.V.); (J.S.J.); (A.M.); (A.S.); (S.V.); (G.N.); (J.S.)
| | - Gábor Németh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary; (M.V.); (J.S.J.); (A.M.); (A.S.); (S.V.); (G.N.); (J.S.)
| | - János Sikovanyecz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary; (M.V.); (J.S.J.); (A.M.); (A.S.); (S.V.); (G.N.); (J.S.)
| | - Zoltan Kozinszky
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Danderyd Hospital, 182 88 Stockholm, Sweden
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3
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Guibourdenche J, Leguy MC, Pidoux G, Hebert-Schuster M, Laguillier C, Anselem O, Grangé G, Bonnet F, Tsatsaris V. Biochemical Screening for Fetal Trisomy 21: Pathophysiology of Maternal Serum Markers and Involvement of the Placenta. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087669. [PMID: 37108840 PMCID: PMC10146970 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
It is now well established that maternal serum markers are often abnormal in fetal trisomy 21. Their determination is recommended for prenatal screening and pregnancy follow-up. However, mechanisms leading to abnormal maternal serum levels of such markers are still debated. Our objective was to help clinicians and scientists unravel the pathophysiology of these markers via a review of the main studies published in this field, both in vivo and in vitro, focusing on the six most widely used markers (hCG, its free subunit hCGβ, PAPP-A, AFP, uE3, and inhibin A) as well as cell-free feto-placental DNA. Analysis of the literature shows that mechanisms underlying each marker's regulation are multiple and not necessarily directly linked with the supernumerary chromosome 21. The crucial involvement of the placenta is also highlighted, which could be defective in one or several of its functions (turnover and apoptosis, endocrine production, and feto-maternal exchanges and transfer). These defects were neither constant nor specific for trisomy 21, and might be more or less pronounced, reflecting a high variability in placental immaturity and alteration. This explains why maternal serum markers can lack both specificity and sensitivity, and are thus restricted to screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Guibourdenche
- Hormonologie CHU Cochin AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France
- Faculté de Santé, Université Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France
- FHU Préma, 75014 Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Christelle Laguillier
- Hormonologie CHU Cochin AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France
- Faculté de Santé, Université Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France
- UMR-S1139, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Olivia Anselem
- FHU Préma, 75014 Paris, France
- Maternité Port Royal CHU Cochin AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Gilles Grangé
- FHU Préma, 75014 Paris, France
- Maternité Port Royal CHU Cochin AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Fidéline Bonnet
- Hormonologie CHU Cochin AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France
- Faculté de Santé, Université Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Vassilis Tsatsaris
- Faculté de Santé, Université Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France
- FHU Préma, 75014 Paris, France
- Maternité Port Royal CHU Cochin AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France
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4
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Qi J, Wu B, Chen X, Wei W, Yao X. Diagnostic biomolecules and combination therapy for pre-eclampsia. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2022; 20:136. [PMID: 36068569 PMCID: PMC9446775 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-022-01003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-eclampsia (PE), associated with placental malperfusion, is the primary reason for maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity that can cause vascular endothelial injury and multi-organ injury. Despite considerable research efforts, no pharmaceutical has been shown to stop disease progression. If women precisely diagnosed with PE can achieve treatment at early gestation, the maternal and fetal outcomes can be maximally optimized by expectant management. Current diagnostic approaches applying maternal characteristics or biophysical markers, including blood test, urine analysis and biophysical profile, possess limitations in the precise diagnosis of PE. Biochemical factor research associated with PE development has generated ambitious diagnostic targets based on PE pathogenesis and dissecting molecular phenotypes. This review focuses on current developments in biochemical prediction of PE and the corresponding interventions to ameliorate disease progression, aiming to provide references for clinical diagnoses and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqi Qi
- International Institutes of Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. N1, Shangcheng Avenue, Yiwu, 322000, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, International Campus, Zhejiang University, 718 East Haizhou Road, Haining, 314400, China
| | - Bingbing Wu
- International Institutes of Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. N1, Shangcheng Avenue, Yiwu, 322000, China
| | - Xiuying Chen
- International Institutes of Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. N1, Shangcheng Avenue, Yiwu, 322000, China
| | - Wei Wei
- International Institutes of Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. N1, Shangcheng Avenue, Yiwu, 322000, China.
| | - Xudong Yao
- International Institutes of Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. N1, Shangcheng Avenue, Yiwu, 322000, China.
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Longitudinal Proteomic Analysis of Plasma across Healthy Pregnancies Reveals Indicators of Gestational Age. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137076. [PMID: 35806078 PMCID: PMC9266720 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Longitudinal changes in the blood proteome during gestation relate to fetal development and maternal homeostasis. Charting the maternal blood proteome in normal pregnancies is critical for establishing a baseline reference when assessing complications and disease. Using mass spectrometry-based shotgun proteomics, we surveyed the maternal plasma proteome across uncomplicated pregnancies. Results indicate a significant rise in proteins that govern placentation and are vital to the development and health of the fetus. Importantly, we uncovered proteome signatures that strongly correlated with gestational age. Fold increases and correlations between the plasma concentrations of ADAM12 (ρ = 0.973), PSG1 (ρ = 0.936), and/or CSH1/2 (ρ = 0.928) with gestational age were validated with ELISA. Proteomic and validation analyses demonstrate that the maternal plasma concentration of ADAM12, either independently or in combination with either PSG1 or CSH1/2, correlates with gestational age within ±8 days throughout pregnancy. These findings suggest that the gestational age in healthy pregnancies may be determined by referencing the concentration of select plasma proteins.
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Aplin JD, Myers JE, Timms K, Westwood M. Tracking placental development in health and disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2020; 16:479-494. [PMID: 32601352 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-020-0372-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction arise from disorders of placental development and have some shared mechanistic features. Initiation is often rooted in the maldevelopment of a maternal-placental blood supply capable of providing for the growth requirements of the fetus in later pregnancy, without exerting undue stress on maternal body systems. Here, we review normal development of a placental bed with a safe and adequate blood supply and a villous placenta-blood interface from which nutrients and oxygen can be extracted for the growing fetus. We consider disease mechanisms that are intrinsic to the maternal environment, the placenta or the interaction between the two. Systemic signalling from the endocrine placenta targets the maternal endothelium and multiple organs to adjust metabolism for an optimal pregnancy and later lactation. This signalling capacity is skewed when placental damage occurs and can deliver a dangerous pathogenic stimulus. We discuss the placental secretome including glycoproteins, microRNAs and extracellular vesicles as potential biomarkers of disease. Angiomodulatory mediators, currently the only effective biomarkers, are discussed alongside non-invasive imaging approaches to the prediction of disease risk. Identifying the signs of impending pathology early enough to intervene and ameliorate disease in later pregnancy remains a complex and challenging objective.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Aplin
- Maternal and Fetal Health Group, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK.
| | - Jenny E Myers
- Maternal and Fetal Health Group, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Kate Timms
- Lydia Becker Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Melissa Westwood
- Maternal and Fetal Health Group, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
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7
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Gadde R, Cd D, Sheela SR. Placental protein 13: An important biological protein in preeclampsia. J Circ Biomark 2018; 7:1849454418786159. [PMID: 30023011 PMCID: PMC6047241 DOI: 10.1177/1849454418786159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Placental protein 13 (PP13), a glycan binding protein predominantly expressed in syncytiotrophoblast, dimeric in nature, lacks N-terminal signal peptide, bypasses the endoplasmic reticulum, and secretes into maternal circulation as exosomes or microvesicles. PP13 has jelly roll fold conformation with conserved carbohydrate recognition domain which specifically binds to β-galactosides of the glycan receptors during placentation. PP13 binds to glycosylated receptors on human erythrocytes and brings about hemagglutination by the property of lectin activity; other functions are immunoregulation and vasodilation during placentation and vascularization. The gene LGALS13 located on 19q13.2 comprising four exons expresses a 32-kDa protein with 139 amino acid residues, PP13. Impaired expression due to mutation in the gene leads to a nonfunctional truncated PP13. The low serum levels predict high risk for the onset of preeclampsia or obstetric complications. Hence, PP13 turned to be an early marker for risk assessment of preeclampsia. The recombinant PP13 and monoclonal antibodies availability help for replenishing PP13 in conditions with low serum levels and for detection and prevention of preeclampsia, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjeeta Gadde
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Kolar, India
| | - Dayanand Cd
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Kolar, India
| | - S R Sheela
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Kolar, India
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Van Sinderen M, Oyanedel J, Menkhorst E, Cuman C, Rainczuk K, Winship A, Salamonsen L, Edgell T, Dimitriadis E. Soluble Delta-like ligand 1 alters human endometrial epithelial cell adhesive capacity. Reprod Fertil Dev 2018; 29:694-702. [PMID: 26616664 DOI: 10.1071/rd15313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The endometrium undergoes substantial morphological and functional changes to become receptive to embryo implantation and to enable establishment of a successful pregnancy. Reduced Delta-like ligand 1 (DLL1, Notch ligand) in the endometrium is associated with infertility. DLL1 can be cleaved by 'a disintegrin and metalloprotease' (ADAM) proteases to produce a soluble ligand that may act to inhibit Notch signalling. We used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to quantify soluble DLL1 in uterine lavages from fertile and infertile women in the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle. We also determined the cellular location and immunostaining intensity of ADAM12 and 17 in human endometrium throughout the cycle. Functional effects of soluble DLL1 in receptivity were analysed using in vitro adhesion and proliferation assays and gene expression analysis of Notch signalling targets. Soluble DLL1 was significantly increased in uterine lavage samples of infertile women compared with fertile women in the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle. This coincided with significantly increased ADAM17 immunostaining detected in the endometrial luminal epithelium in the mid-secretory phase in infertile women. Soluble DLL1 significantly inhibited the adhesive capacity of endometrial epithelial cells via downregulation of helix-loop-helix and hairy/enhancer of split family member HES1 mRNA. Thus, soluble DLL1 may serve as a suitable target or potential biomarker for receptivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Van Sinderen
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright St, Clayton, Vic. 3168, Australia
| | - Jennifer Oyanedel
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright St, Clayton, Vic. 3168, Australia
| | - Ellen Menkhorst
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright St, Clayton, Vic. 3168, Australia
| | - Carly Cuman
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright St, Clayton, Vic. 3168, Australia
| | - Katarzyna Rainczuk
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright St, Clayton, Vic. 3168, Australia
| | - Amy Winship
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright St, Clayton, Vic. 3168, Australia
| | - Lois Salamonsen
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright St, Clayton, Vic. 3168, Australia
| | - Tracey Edgell
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright St, Clayton, Vic. 3168, Australia
| | - Evdokia Dimitriadis
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright St, Clayton, Vic. 3168, Australia
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Mesdaghi-nia E, Behrashi M, Saeidi A, Abedzadeh Kalahroodi M. Association between PAPP-A and placental thickness. Int J Reprod Biomed 2016. [DOI: 10.29252/ijrm.14.6.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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Baer RJ, Lyell DJ, Norton ME, Currier RJ, Jelliffe-Pawlowski LL. First trimester pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A and birth weight. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2016; 198:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2015.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Leguy MC, Brun S, Pidoux G, Salhi H, Choiset A, Menet MC, Gil S, Tsatsaris V, Guibourdenche J. Pattern of secretion of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) during pregnancies complicated by fetal aneuploidy, in vivo and in vitro. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2014; 12:129. [PMID: 25543334 PMCID: PMC4293003 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-12-129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnancy-associated placental protein-A (PAPP-A) is a metalloprotease which circulates as an hetero-tetramer in maternal blood. Its maternal serum concentration in fetal trisomy 21 is decreased during the first trimester, so that PAPP-A is a useful screening biomarker. However, the regulation of PAPP-A placental secretion is unclear. We therefore investigated the secretion of PAPP-A in pregnancies complicated by fetal aneuploidies, both in vivo and in vitro. METHODS Maternal serum collected between 10 WG and 33 WG during 7014 normal pregnancies and 96 pregnancies complicated by fetal trisomy 21, 18, and 13 were assayed for PAPP-A using the Immulite 2000xpi system®. The pregnancies were monitored using ultrasound scanning, fetal karyotyping and placental analysis. Villous cytotrophoblasts were isolated from normal and trisomic placenta and cultured to investigate PAPP-A secretion in vitro (n=6). RESULTS An increased nuchal translucency during the first trimester is a common feature of many chromosomal defect but each aneuploidy has its own syndromic pattern of abnormalities detectable at the prenatal ultrasound scanning and confirmed at the fetal examination thereafter. PAPP-A levels rise throughout normal pregnancy whereas in trisomy 21, PAPP-A levels were significantly decreased, but only during the first trimester. PAPP-A levels were decreased in trisomy 13 and sharply in trisomy 18, whatever the gestational age. In vitro, PAPP-A secretion was decreased in aneuploidy, and associated with decreased hCG secretion in Trisomy 21 and 18. These biochemical profiles did not appear to be linked to any specific histological lesions affecting the placenta. CONCLUSIONS These profiles may reflect different quantitative and qualitative placental dysfunctions in the context of these aneuploidies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephanie Brun
- />Maternity CHU Bordeaux, Place Amélie Raba-Léon, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Houria Salhi
- />Foeto-pathology CHU Cochin AP-HP, 27 rue du Fbg St Jacques, Paris, France
| | - Agnes Choiset
- />Cytogenetic CHU Cochin AP-HP, 27 rue du Fbg St Jacques, Paris, France
| | | | - Sophie Gil
- />INSERM UMR 1139, 4 av de l’observatoire, Paris, France
- />PremUp foundation, 27 rue du Fbg St Jacques, Paris, France
- />Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, 4 av de l’observatoire, Paris, France
| | - Vassilis Tsatsaris
- />INSERM UMR 1139, 4 av de l’observatoire, Paris, France
- />PremUp foundation, 27 rue du Fbg St Jacques, Paris, France
- />Maternity CHU Cochin AP-HP, 27 rue du Fbg St Jacques, Paris, France
| | - Jean Guibourdenche
- />Hormonology CHU Cochin AP-HP, 27 rue du Fbg St Jacques, Paris, France
- />INSERM UMR 1139, 4 av de l’observatoire, Paris, France
- />PremUp foundation, 27 rue du Fbg St Jacques, Paris, France
- />Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, 4 av de l’observatoire, Paris, France
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12
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Myers JE, Thomas G, Tuytten R, Van Herrewege Y, Djiokep RO, Roberts CT, Kenny LC, Simpson NAB, North RA, Baker PN. Mid-trimester maternal ADAM12 levels differ according to fetal gender in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia. Reprod Sci 2014; 22:235-41. [PMID: 24899472 DOI: 10.1177/1933719114537713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An overrepresentation of adverse pregnancy outcomes has been observed in pregnancies associated with a male fetus. We investigated the association between fetal gender and candidate biomarkers for preeclampsia. Proteins were quantified in samples taken at 20 weeks from women recruited to the SCreening fOr Pregnancy Endpoints (SCOPE) study (preeclampsia n = 150; no preeclampsia n = 450). In contrast to placental growth factor, soluble endoglin, and insulin-like growth factor acid labile subunit, levels of metallopeptidase domain 12 (ADAM12) at 20 weeks were dependent on fetal gender in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia, for male (n = 73) fetuses the multiples of the median (MoM; interquartile range [IQR] 1.1-1.5) was 1.3, whereas for female fetuses (n = 75) MoM was 1.1 (1.0-1.3); P < .01. Prediction of preeclampsia using ADAM12 levels was improved for pregnancies associated with a male fetus (area under receiver-operator curve [AUC] 0.73 [95% confidence interval [CI] 0.67-0.80]) than that of a female fetus (AUC 0.62 [0.55-0.70]); P = .03. The data presented here fit a contemporary hypothesis that there is a difference between the genders in response to an adverse maternal environment and suggest that an alteration in ADAM12 may reflect an altered placental response in pregnancies subsequently complicated by preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny E Myers
- Maternal & Fetal Heath Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Central Manchester NHS Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Claire T Roberts
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Louise C Kenny
- The Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT), University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Nigel A B Simpson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Robyn A North
- Women's Health Academic Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philip N Baker
- Maternal & Fetal Heath Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Central Manchester NHS Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, New Zealand
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13
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Maternal serum disintegrin and metalloprotease protein-12 in early pregnancy as a potential marker of adverse pregnancy outcomes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97284. [PMID: 24830297 PMCID: PMC4022643 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to determine whether the concentration of disintegrin and metalloprotease protein12 (ADAM12) in first trimester maternal serum can be used as a marker for first-trimester complete spontaneous abortions, missed abortions, ectopic pregnancies and hydatidiform moles. Methods The maternal serum concentrations of ADAM12 were measured in the range of 5–9+6 weeks of gestation using an automated AutoDelfia immunoassay platform in 9 cases of complete spontaneous abortion, 27 cases of missed abortions, 56 cases of ectopic pregnancies, 12 cases of hydatidiform moles, and 100 controls. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine significant factors for predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes in early pregnancy. Screening performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves. Results Two hundred and four women were enrolled in the study. In the control group, the level of ADAM12 increased with gestational age. The median ADAM12 levels in the spontaneous abortion (0.430 MoM), ectopic pregnancy (0.460 MoM) and hydatidiform mole (0.037 MoM) groups were lower than that in the control group, while the median ADAM12 level in the missed abortion group (1.062 MoM) was not significant from the controls (1.002 MoM). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the level of ADAM12 in maternal serum facilitated the detection of ectopic pregnancies (OR = 0.909; 95% CI = 0.841∼0.982) and complete spontaneous abortion (OR = 0.863; 95% CI = 0.787∼0.946). Conclusions In complete spontaneous abortion and ectopic pregnancy, ADAM12 maintained at low levels in early pregnancies, and there were significant differences compared to normal pregnancies. ADAM12 is a promising marker for the diagnosis of complete spontaneous abortion and ectopic pregnancy in symptomatic women, and under certain conditions, ADAM12 can diagnose ectopic pregnancy and spontaneous abortion before an ultrasonographic detection of the conditions.
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Aghababaei M, Perdu S, Irvine K, Beristain AG. A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 12 (ADAM12) localizes to invasive trophoblast, promotes cell invasion and directs column outgrowth in early placental development. Mol Hum Reprod 2013; 20:235-49. [PMID: 24243624 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gat084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy, stromal- and vascular-remodeling trophoblasts serve critical roles in directing placental development acquiring pro-invasive characteristics. The A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase (ADAM) family of multifunctional proteins direct cellular processes across multiple organ systems via their intrinsic catalytic, cell adhesive and intracellular signaling properties. ADAM12, existing as two distinct splice variants (ADAM12L and ADAM12S), is highly expressed in the human placenta and promotes cell migration and invasion in several tumor cell lines; however, its role in trophoblast biology is unknown. In this study, ADAM12 was localized to anchoring trophoblast columns in first trimester placentas and to highly invasive extracellular matrix-degrading trophoblasts in placental villous explants. The importance of ADAM12 in directing trophoblast invasion was tested using loss-of and gain-of-function strategies, where siRNA-directed knockdown of ADAM12 inhibited trophoblast cell invasion while over-expression promoted migration and invasion in two trophoblastic cell models. In placental villous explant cultures, siRNA-directed loss of ADAM12 significantly dampened trophoblast column outgrowth. Additionally, we provide functional evidence for the ADAM12S variant in promoting trophoblast invasion and column outgrowth through a mechanism requiring its catalytic activity. This is the first study to assign a function for ADAM12 in trophoblast biology, where ADAM12 may play a central role regulating the behavior of invasive trophoblast subsets in early pregnancy. This study also underlines the importance of ADAM12L and ADAM12S in directing cell motility in normal developmental processes outside of cancer, specifically highlighting a potentially important function of ADAM12S in directing early placental development.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aghababaei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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15
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Brown JK, Lauer KB, Ironmonger EL, Inglis NF, Bourne TH, Critchley HOD, Horne AW. Shotgun proteomics identifies serum fibronectin as a candidate diagnostic biomarker for inclusion in future multiplex tests for ectopic pregnancy. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66974. [PMID: 23826180 PMCID: PMC3691233 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is difficult to diagnose early and accurately. Women often present at emergency departments in early pregnancy with a ‘pregnancy of unknown location’ (PUL), and diagnosis and exclusion of EP is challenging due to a lack of reliable biomarkers. The objective of this study was to identify novel diagnostic biomarkers for EP. Shotgun proteomics, incorporating combinatorial-ligand library pre-fractionation, was used to interrogate pooled sera (n = 40) from women undergoing surgery for EP, termination of viable intrauterine pregnancy and management of non-viable intrauterine pregnancy. Western blot was used to validate results in individual sera. ELISAs were developed to interrogate sera from women with PUL (n = 120). Sera were collected at time of first symptomatic presentation and categorized according to pregnancy outcome. The main outcome measures were differences between groups and area under the receiver operating curve (ROC). Proteomics identified six biomarker candidates. Western blot detected significant differences in levels of two of these candidates. ELISA of sera from second cohort revealed that these differences were only significant for one of these candidates, fibronectin. ROC analysis of ability of fibronectin to discriminate EP from other pregnancy outcomes suggested that fibronectin has diagnostic potential (ROC 0.6439; 95% CI 0.5090 to 0.7788; P>0.05), becoming significant when ‘ambiguous’ medically managed PUL excluded from analysis (ROC 0.6538; 95% CI 0.5158 to 0.7918; P<0.05). Fibronectin may make a useful adjunct to future multiplex EP diagnostic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy K. Brown
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Katarina B. Lauer
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Emily L. Ironmonger
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Neil F. Inglis
- Moredun Proteomic Facility, Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Tom H. Bourne
- Queen Charlotte’s and Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hilary O. D. Critchley
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew W. Horne
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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16
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Suri S, Muttukrishna S, Jauniaux E. 2D-Ultrasound and endocrinologic evaluation of placentation in early pregnancy and its relationship to fetal birthweight in normal pregnancies and pre-eclampsia. Placenta 2013; 34:745-50. [PMID: 23756051 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the relationships between 2D ultrasound measurements of placentation and maternal serum (MS) levels of PAPP-A, inhibin A and fβhCG in early pregnancy and subsequent fetal growth in pregnancies with a normal and abnormal outcome. STUDY DESIGN Prospective population-based cohort study of 301 pregnancies with a normal outcome, 18 with a pregnancy complicated by pre-term delivery (PTD) and 14 with subsequent pre-eclampsia (PE). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Basal placental surface area, placental thickness, ellipsivity and volume; MS PAPP-A and fβhCG at 11-13 + 6 weeks, MS inhibin A at 15-22 weeks and birthweight centile at delivery. RESULTS In the normal group, the basal surface area showed a significantly (P < 0.001) positive correlation with placental thickness and placental ellipsivity. With the exception of placental ellipsivity, all other placental ultrasound parameters were significantly related with birthweight centile. Inhibin A showed a significant (P < 0.005) correlation with birthweight centiles. The basal plate surface area and MS PAPP-A were significantly (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively) lower and MS inhibin A significantly (P < 0.01) higher in PE than in controls. No changes were found in pregnancies complicated by PTD. CONCLUSION The basal plate surface area at 11-14 weeks reflects indirectly normal and abnormal placentation and development of the definitive placenta. Combined with MS PAPP-A and/or inhibin A levels this parameter could be useful in identifying from the end of the first trimester, pregnancies subsequently complicated with PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Suri
- UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
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Tart JK, Johnson RK, Bundy JW, Ferdinand NN, McKnite AM, Wood JR, Miller PS, Rothschild MF, Spangler ML, Garrick DJ, Kachman SD, Ciobanu DC. Genome-wide prediction of age at puberty and reproductive longevity in sows. Anim Genet 2013; 44:387-97. [PMID: 23437861 DOI: 10.1111/age.12028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Traditional selection for sow reproductive longevity is ineffective due to low heritability and late expression of the trait. Incorporation of DNA markers into selection programs is potentially a more practical approach for improving sow lifetime productivity. Using a resource population of crossbred gilts, we explored pleiotropic sources of variation that influence age at puberty and reproductive longevity. Of the traits recorded before breeding, only age at puberty significantly affected the probability that females would produce a first parity litter. The genetic variance explained by 1-Mb windows of the sow genome, compared across traits, uncovered regions that influence both age at puberty and lifetime number of parities. Allelic variants of SNPs located on SSC5 (27-28 Mb), SSC8 (36-37 Mb) and SSC12 (1.2-2 Mb) exhibited additive effects and were associated with both early expression of puberty and a greater than average number of lifetime parities. Combined analysis of these SNPs showed that an increase in the number of favorable alleles had positive impact on reproductive longevity, increasing number of parities by up to 1.36. The region located on SSC5 harbors non-synonymous alleles in the arginine vasopressin receptor 1A (AVPR1A) gene, a G-protein-coupled receptor associated with social and reproductive behaviors in voles and humans and a candidate for the observed effects. This region is characterized by high levels of linkage disequilibrium in different lines and could be exploited in marker-assisted selection programs across populations to increase sow reproductive longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Tart
- Animal Science Department, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
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18
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Huppertz B, Meiri H, Gizurarson S, Osol G, Sammar M. Placental protein 13 (PP13): a new biological target shifting individualized risk assessment to personalized drug design combating pre-eclampsia. Hum Reprod Update 2013; 19:391-405. [PMID: 23420029 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmt003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pre-eclampsia affects 2-7% of all pregnant women and is a major cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. The etiology of pre-eclampsia is still unknown but it is well documented that impaired placentation is a major contributor to its development. One of the placenta-specific proteins is placental protein 13 (PP13). Lower first trimester levels of maternal serum PP13 and its encoding placental mRNA are associated with the development of both early and late-onset severe pre-eclampsia. In cases where this protein is mutated, the frequency of pre-eclampsia is higher. METHODS 19 out of 68 studies on PP13, published between January 2006 and September 2012, were used to evaluate the value of maternal blood PP13 as a marker of pre-eclampsia. RESULTS A meta-analysis presented in this review shows that low serum levels of PP13 in the first trimester of pregnancy can predict the development of pre-eclampsia later in pregnancy. Although some functions of this protein have been assessed in in vitro experiments, the in vivo functions of PP13 are still unknown, especially when circulating in the maternal bloodstream. A recent pilot study has shown that in gravid rats PP13 causes significant vasodilatation, reduced blood pressure and increased maternal uterine artery remodeling. CONCLUSION Reviewing these effects of PP13, the authors propose the use of PP13 as a new drug candidate. Replenishing PP13 in those women with low serum levels early in pregnancy may help prepare their vasculature for pregnancy. This novel pharmacological approach to combat pre-eclampsia is presented as a new direction to transfer from individualized risk to personalized prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berthold Huppertz
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21/7, Graz 8010, Austria.
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Bujold E. Prediction of preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction using placental protein 13. Placenta 2012; 33:955; author reply 956. [PMID: 23036151 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2012.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 07/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zhong ZN, Zhu SF, Yuan AD, Lu GH, He ZY, Fa ZQ, Li WH. Potential of placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells as seed cells for bone tissue engineering: preliminary study of osteoblastic differentiation and immunogenicity. Orthopedics 2012; 35:779-88. [PMID: 22955387 DOI: 10.3928/01477447-20120822-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been isolated from a variety of human tissues (eg, bone marrow, peripheral blood, muscle, fat, umbilical blood, amniotic fluid, embryonic tissues, and placenta). Placenta-derived MSCs (PDMSCs) have received considerable interest because of their wide availability and absence of ethical concerns. The authors characterized the biological properties, ultrastructure, growth factor production, and osteoblastic differentiation of PDMSCs and investigated their potential as seed cells for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Nian Zhong
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of Shaoguan, Guangdong Medical College, Guangdong, China
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Horne AW, Brown JK, Tong S, Kaitu'u-Lino T. Evaluation of ADAM-12 as a diagnostic biomarker of ectopic pregnancy in women with a pregnancy of unknown location. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41442. [PMID: 22927907 PMCID: PMC3424157 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ectopic pregnancy (EP) remains the most life-threatening acute condition in modern gynaecology. It remains difficult to diagnose early and accurately. Women often present at emergency departments in early pregnancy with a ‘pregnancy of unknown location’ (PUL) and diagnosis/exclusion of EP is challenging due to a lack of reliable biomarkers. Recent studies suggest that serum levels of a disintegrin and metalloprotease protein-12 (ADAM-12) can be used differentiate EP from viable intrauterine pregnancy (VIUP). Here we describe a prospective study evaluating the performance of ADAM-12 in differentiating EP from the full spectrum of alternative PUL outcomes in an independent patient cohort. Methodology/Principal Findings Sera were collected from 120 patients at their first clinical presentation with a PUL and assayed for ADAM-12 by ELISA. Patients were categorized according to final pregnancy outcomes. Serum ADAM-12 concentrations were increased in women with histologically-confirmed EP (median 442 pg/mL; 25%–75% percentile 232–783 pg/mL) compared to women with VIUP (256 pg/mL; 168–442 pg/mL) or miscarriage (192 pg/mL; 133–476 pg/mL). Serum ADAM-12 did not differentiate histologically-confirmed EP from spontaneously resolving PUL (srPUL) (416 pg/mL; 154–608 pg/mL). The diagnostic potential of ADAM-12 was only significant when ‘ambiguous’ PUL outcomes were excluded from the analysis (AROC = 0.6633; P = 0.03901). Conclusions/Significance When measured in isolation, ADAM-12 levels had limited value as a diagnostic biomarker for EP in our patient cohort. The development of a reliable serum biomarker-based test for EP remains an ongoing challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Horne
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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Nor Azlin MI, Das S. Connection between the secretion of few proteins and the growth of the gestational sac and the placenta: scientific observations. Placenta 2012; 33:317. [PMID: 22289272 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2012.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Cortina ME, Litwin S, Roux ME, Miranda S. Impact of mouse pregnancy on thymic T lymphocyte subsets. Reprod Fertil Dev 2012; 24:1123-33. [DOI: 10.1071/rd11252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that fetal lymphoid progenitor cells are acquired during gestation and are able to develop in the maternal mouse thymus into functional T cells. Moreover, previous pregnancies increase the number of fetal cells in the mother. In the present study, we investigated whether mouse pregnancy induces changes in T lymphocyte subsets in the maternal thymus. We determined the T lymphocyte subsets in two allogeneic cross-breedings, namely CBA/J × BALB/c (normal) and CBA/J × DBA/2 (abortion prone), and investigated the effects of the age and parity of the female, as well as pregnancy outcome, on thymocyte populations. In addition, hormonal effects were evaluated in a syngeneic combination (CBA/J × CBA/J). We found that during pregnancy both hormonal and allogeneic stimuli induced a reduction in the CD4+CD8+ subset with an increase in the CD4+CD8– population. Only young females of the normal combination exhibited an increase in the CD4–CD8+ population. All young mice showed an increase in CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ T cells. Interestingly, the γδT thymus pool was increased in all females of the normal allogeneic pregnancy only, suggesting the participation of this pool in the observed beneficial effect of multiparity in this cross-breeding. Our results demonstrate that allogeneic pregnancies induce important variations in maternal thymocyte subpopulations depending on the age of the female and the male component of the cross-breeding.
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