1
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Xu J, Yuan A, Su R, Yang Q, Fan X, Zhang J. Trophoblast-specific knockdown of CSPG4 expression causes pregnancy complications with poor placentation in mice. Reprod Biol 2023; 23:100731. [PMID: 36634519 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2023.100731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The multifunctional molecule chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4/NG2) plays key roles in organogenesis and tumorigenesis. However, its roles in placentation remain unclear. In this study, CSPG4 expression in human and mouse placentas was investigated through immunohistochemistry (IHC), qPCR and western blotting. The theoretical structure and function of CSPG4 were assessed using bioinformatic tools, and the functions of CSPG4 in fetal and placental development were investigated using a mouse model established by trophoblast-specific CSPG4 knockdown and a trophoblast cell line with CSPG4 knockout by lentivirus infection. The results showed that CSPG4 was mainly located in trophoblasts in both human placentas and mouse placentas, with a higher level in preeclampsia (PE) placentas than in healthy control placentas. Furthermore, there was a trend of increasing expression in mouse placentas during pregnancy. The 3D structure of CSPG4 was visualized using an M model composed of two chains, and the structure implied that CSPG4 was a multifunctional molecule containing multiple pockets with multiligand binding sites and enzyme active sites. Trophoblast-specific CSPG4 knockdown caused frequent fetal loss, and viable fetal development was restricted by poor placentation, with mice placentas having reduced weight and width. The proliferation and invasion of CSPG4-knockout trophoblasts were significantly inhibited, and as such, the molecular signaling of AKT and ERK phosphorylation was inhibited, and the expression of MMP2 and MMP9 was reduced. In summary, CSPG4 deficiency inhibited trophoblast proliferation and invasion, which was associated with AKT, ERK and MMP signaling. CSPG4 deficiency also caused pregnancy complications with poor placentation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfei Xu
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Huaihua University, Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Anwen Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Rui Su
- Research Center for Reproduction and Health Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen 518055, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Qing Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xiujun Fan
- Research Center for Reproduction and Health Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Juzuo Zhang
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Huaihua University, Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province, Huaihua 418000, China; Research Center for Reproduction and Health Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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2
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Oravecz O, Balogh A, Romero R, Xu Y, Juhasz K, Gelencser Z, Xu Z, Bhatti G, Pique-Regi R, Peterfia B, Hupuczi P, Kovalszky I, Murthi P, Tarca AL, Papp Z, Matko J, Than NG. Proteoglycans: Systems-Level Insight into Their Expression in Healthy and Diseased Placentas. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5798. [PMID: 35628608 PMCID: PMC9147780 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteoglycan macromolecules play key roles in several physiological processes (e.g., adhesion, proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and apoptosis), all of which are important for placentation and healthy pregnancy. However, their precise roles in human reproduction have not been clarified. To fill this gap, herein, we provide an overview of the proteoglycans' expression and role in the placenta, in trophoblast development, and in pregnancy complications (pre-eclampsia, fetal growth restriction), highlighting one of the most important members of this family, syndecan-1 (SDC1). Microarray data analysis showed that of 34 placentally expressed proteoglycans, SDC1 production is markedly the highest in the placenta and that SDC1 is the most upregulated gene during trophoblast differentiation into the syncytiotrophoblast. Furthermore, placental transcriptomic data identified dysregulated proteoglycan genes in pre-eclampsia and in fetal growth restriction, including SDC1, which is supported by the lower concentration of syndecan-1 in maternal blood in these syndromes. Overall, our clinical and in vitro studies, data analyses, and literature search pointed out that proteoglycans, as important components of the placenta, may regulate various stages of placental development and participate in the maintenance of a healthy pregnancy. Moreover, syndecan-1 may serve as a useful marker of syncytialization and a prognostic marker of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Further studies are warranted to explore the role of proteoglycans in healthy and complicated pregnancies, which may help in diagnostic or therapeutic developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Oravecz
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (O.O.); (A.B.); (K.J.); (Zs.G.); (B.P.); (J.M.)
- Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Balogh
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (O.O.); (A.B.); (K.J.); (Zs.G.); (B.P.); (J.M.)
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD 20892, and Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (R.R.); (Y.X.); (Z.X.); (G.B.); (R.P.-R.); (A.L.T.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Yi Xu
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD 20892, and Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (R.R.); (Y.X.); (Z.X.); (G.B.); (R.P.-R.); (A.L.T.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Kata Juhasz
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (O.O.); (A.B.); (K.J.); (Zs.G.); (B.P.); (J.M.)
| | - Zsolt Gelencser
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (O.O.); (A.B.); (K.J.); (Zs.G.); (B.P.); (J.M.)
| | - Zhonghui Xu
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD 20892, and Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (R.R.); (Y.X.); (Z.X.); (G.B.); (R.P.-R.); (A.L.T.)
| | - Gaurav Bhatti
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD 20892, and Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (R.R.); (Y.X.); (Z.X.); (G.B.); (R.P.-R.); (A.L.T.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Roger Pique-Regi
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD 20892, and Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (R.R.); (Y.X.); (Z.X.); (G.B.); (R.P.-R.); (A.L.T.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Balint Peterfia
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (O.O.); (A.B.); (K.J.); (Zs.G.); (B.P.); (J.M.)
| | | | - Ilona Kovalszky
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Padma Murthi
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Royal Women’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3502, Australia
| | - Adi L. Tarca
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD 20892, and Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (R.R.); (Y.X.); (Z.X.); (G.B.); (R.P.-R.); (A.L.T.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University College of Engineering, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Zoltan Papp
- Maternity Private Clinic, H-1126 Budapest, Hungary; (P.H.); (Z.P.)
| | - Janos Matko
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (O.O.); (A.B.); (K.J.); (Zs.G.); (B.P.); (J.M.)
| | - Nandor Gabor Than
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (O.O.); (A.B.); (K.J.); (Zs.G.); (B.P.); (J.M.)
- Maternity Private Clinic, H-1126 Budapest, Hungary; (P.H.); (Z.P.)
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary;
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3
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Zhou W, Menkhorst E, Dimitriadis E. Characterization of chloride intracellular channel 4 in the regulation of human trophoblast function. Placenta 2022; 119:24-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2022.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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4
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Takamura M, Zhou W, Rombauts L, Dimitriadis E. The long noncoding RNA PTENP1 regulates human endometrial epithelial adhesive capacity in vitro: implications in infertility. Biol Reprod 2021; 102:53-62. [PMID: 31504217 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is general consensus that the synchronous development of the embryo and endometrium is absolutely essential for successful implantation. Recent studies have strongly suggested that embryo-secreted factors are able to deliver into the endometrial cavity/endometrium and alter its protein profile in preparation for implantation. However, there is limited research focusing on long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) changes in the endometrium that brought about by the embryonic derived factors. It has been suggested that lncRNA has intricate interplay with microRNA (miR), small (~19-22 nucleotides), non-protein-coding RNA, to regulate protein production in the endometrium, thus controlling adhesive capacity. Here through microarray assays, we compare the lncRNA profile of the primary human endometrial epithelial cells (HEECs) that have been precultured with blastocyst-conditioned media (BCM) from embryos that implanted versus nonimplanted. Our data indicate a substantial change of lncRNA expression in HEECs, including 9 up-regulated and 12 down-regulated lncRNAs after incubation with implanted BCM. Selective knockdown of PTENP1, the most increased lncRNA after implanted BCM treatment in the HEECs, compromised the spheroid adhesion (P < 0.001). Characterization of PTENP1 confirmed its expression in the luminal epithelium with staining appeared most intense in the midsecretory phase. Furthermore, we have recorded a substantial change of miR profile upon PTENP1 knockdown in HEECs. Overexpression of miR-590-3p, a novel predicted target of PTENP1, impaired spheroid adhesion (P < 0.001). Collectively, these data have supported a novel regulation system that lncRNAs were able to participate in the regulation of implantation through association with miRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Takamura
- Centre for Reproductive Health, The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Gynaecology Research Centre, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Luk Rombauts
- Monash IVF, Monash Surgical Private Hospital, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Evdokia Dimitriadis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Gynaecology Research Centre, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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5
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George L, Winship A, Sorby K, Dimitriadis E, Menkhorst E. Profilin-1 is dysregulated in endometroid (type I) endometrial cancer promoting cell proliferation and inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 531:459-464. [PMID: 32800551 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.07.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynaecological malignancy. Alarmingly its incidence and mortality rate is increasing particularly in younger women of reproductive age. Despite this, there are limited treatment options for EC. Profilin-1 (PFN1) regulates tumorigenesis in numerous cancers, but the role of PFN1 in EC has not been investigated. We hypothesized that PFN1 would have altered expression in EC and contribute to the development of EC. We quantified PFN1 in type 1 EC and benign/normal endometrium by RT-qPCR and IHC. The effect of silencing PFN1 on cell adhesion and proliferation was investigated using 2 EC cell lines (HEC1A and AN3CA). The effect of recombinant PFN1 (100 μM) on pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression was investigated using THP1 monocyte cell line. PFN1 immunolocalized to glandular epithelial cells, vascular endothelial cells and leukocytes in the stromal compartment of normal endometrium and EC. PFN1 immunostaining intensity was significantly elevated in grade (G)I EC compared to normal endometrium, GI-II and GIII EC. In endometrial epithelial cancer cells alone, PFN1 immunostaining intensity was significantly reduced in GII and III EC compared to normal endometrium and GI EC. The stromal compartment of EC had strong PFN1 expression compared to benign and normal endometrium. Silencing PFN1 in the AN3CA endometrial epithelial cancer cell line significantly enhanced cell adhesion and proliferation. PFN1 treatment significantly down-regulated TNFα and IL1β mRNA expression by THP1 cells. This study demonstrated that whilst PFN1 production is retained in the stromal compartment of EC, PFN1 production is lost in endometrial epithelial cancer cells with increasing cancer grade. PFN1 may play a role in the tumorigenesis of EC. Loss of PFN1 in GII and GIII endometrial epithelial cancer cells associated with sustained PFN1 by infiltrating immune cells may promote EC tumorigenesis due to increased endometrial epithelial cancer cell proliferation coupled with a pro-tolerance tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne George
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, 3186, Australia
| | - Amy Winship
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, 3186, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Kelli Sorby
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, 3186, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Gynaecology Research Centre, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Evdokia Dimitriadis
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, 3186, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Gynaecology Research Centre, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ellen Menkhorst
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, 3186, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Gynaecology Research Centre, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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6
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Pillay P, Moodley K, Vatish M, Moodley J. Exosomal MicroRNAs in Pregnancy Provides Insight into a Possible Cure for Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155384. [PMID: 32751127 PMCID: PMC7432616 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological links between cancer and pregnancy are of recent interest due to parallel proliferative, immunosuppressive and invasive mechanisms between tumour and trophoblast development. Therefore, understanding “cancer-like” mechanisms in pregnancy could lead to the development of novel cancer therapeutics, however, little is understood on how tumour and trophoblast cells recapitulate similar molecular mechanisms. Based on our observations from a previous study, it was not only evident that exosomal miRNAs are involved in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia but also contained cancer-specific miRNAs, which suggested that “pseudo-malignant-like” exosomal-mediated mechanisms exist in pregnancy. The presented study therefore aimed to identify exosomal miRNAs (exomiR) in pregnancy which can be repurposed towards preventing tumour metastasis and immunosuppression. It was identified that exomiR-302d-3p, exomiR-223-3p and exomiR-451a, commonly associated with cancer metastasis, were found to be highly expressed in pregnancy. Furthermore, computational merging and meta-analytical pathway analysis (DIANA miRPath) of significantly expressed exomiRs between 38 ± 1.9 vs. 30 ± 1.11 weeks of gestation indicated controlled regulation of biological pathways associated with cancer metastasis and immunosuppression. Therefore, the observations made in this study provide the experimental framework for the repurposing of exosomal miRNA molecular mechanisms in pregnancy towards treating and preventing cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preenan Pillay
- Pearson Institute of Higher Education, Faculty of Applied Science, Johannesburg 2153, South Africa
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, Women’s Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford 38655, UK;
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +27-83-4402-486
| | - Kogi Moodley
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa;
| | - Manu Vatish
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, Women’s Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford 38655, UK;
| | - Jagidesa Moodley
- Women’s Health and HIV Research Group, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa;
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Wei P, Ru D, Li X, Shi D, Zhang M, Xu Q, Zhou H, Wen S. Exposure to environmental bisphenol A inhibits HTR-8/SVneo cell migration and invasion. J Biomed Res 2020; 34:369-378. [PMID: 32981897 PMCID: PMC7540237 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.34.20200013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental pollutants, such as bisphenol A (BPA) have recently been implicated in the development of adverse birth outcomes. However, the underlying teratogenic mechanisms remain unclear. We investigated the effects of BPA on the migration and invasion of human primary extravillous trophoblast HTR-8/SVneo cells. Our results indicated that BPA reduced cell migration and invasion. Moreover, it altered the ratio of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) by downregulating MMP-2 and MMP-9, and upregulating TIMP-1 and TIMP-2. Furthermore, BPA suppressed integrin β1, integrin α5, and vimentin. Interestingly, BPA-induced invasion was partially restored by G15, a membrane G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor 30 antagonist. We further revealed that 42 proteins were differentially expressed by mass spectrometry analysis, which could be divided into three categories based on gene ontology including biological process, cellular component, and molecular function. These results suggest that BPA reduces HTR-8/SVneo cell migration and invasion by downregulating MMP-2 and MMP-9, up-regulating TIMP-1 and TIMP-2, and suppressing adhesion molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Wei
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.,Department of Obstetrics, the Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Dongqing Ru
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Dongyan Shi
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Mingshun Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of Gynecology, the Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.,Department of Biotherapy, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, China
| | - Shuang Wen
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
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8
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Harrer DC, Dörrie J, Schaft N. CSPG4 as Target for CAR-T-Cell Therapy of Various Tumor Entities-Merits and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235942. [PMID: 31779130 PMCID: PMC6928974 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting cancer cells using chimeric-antigen-receptor (CAR-)T cells has propelled adoptive T-cell therapy (ATT) to the next level. A plentitude of durable complete responses using CD19-specific CAR-T cells in patients suffering from various lymphoid malignancies resulted in the approval by the food and drug administration (FDA) of CD19-directed CAR-T cells for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). A substantial portion of this success in hematological malignancies can be traced back to the beneficial properties of the target antigen CD19, which combines a universal presence on target cells with no detectable expression on indispensable host cells. Hence, to replicate response rates achieved in ALL and DLBCL in the realm of solid tumors, where ideal target antigens are scant and CAR-T cells are still lagging behind expectations, the quest for appropriate target antigens represents a crucial task to expedite the next steps in the evolution of CAR-T-cell therapy. In this review, we want to highlight the potential of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4) as a CAR-target antigen for a variety of different cancer entities. In particular, we discuss merits and challenges associated with CSPG4-CAR-T cells for the ATT of melanoma, leukemia, glioblastoma, and triple-negative breast cancer.
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9
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Van Sinderen M, Griffiths M, Menkhorst E, Niven K, Dimitriadis E. Restoration of microRNA-29c in type I endometrioid cancer reduced endometrial cancer cell growth. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:2684-2693. [PMID: 31404303 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the most common gynaecological cancer worldwide, and the prognosis of patients with advanced disease remains poor. MicroRNAs (miRs) are dysregulated in endometrial cancer. miRs-29-a, -b and -c expression levels are downregulated in endometrial cancer; however, a specific role for miR-29c and its target genes remain to be elucidated. The aim of the present study was to determine the functional effect of restoring miR-29c expression in endometrial cancer cell lines and to identify miR-29c targets involved in cancer progression. miR-29c expression in human endometrial tumour grades 1-3 and benign tissue as well as in the endometrial cancer cell lines Ishikawa, HEC1A and AN3CA were analysed using reverse transcriptase-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The cell lines were transfected with miR-29c mimic, miR-29c inhibitor or scrambled control. xCELLigence real-time cell monitoring analysed proliferation and migration, and flow cytometry was used to analyse apoptosis and cell cycle. The expression of miR-29c target genes in transfected cell lines was analysed using RT-qPCR. miR-29c was downregulated in grade 1-3 endometrial cancer samples compared with benign endometrium. miR-29c was reduced in Ishikawa and AN3CA cells, but not in HEC1A cell lines compared with non-cancerous primary human endometrial epithelial cells. Overexpression of miR-29c variably reduced proliferation, increased apoptosis and reduced the expression levels of miR-29c target genes, including cell division cycle 42, HMG-box transcription factor 1, integrin subunit β 1, MCL1 apoptosis regulator BCL2 family member, MDM2 proto-oncogene, serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1, sirtuin 1 and vascular endothelial growth factor A, across the three cell lines investigated. Inhibition of miR-29c in HEC1A cells increased proliferation and collagen type IV α 1 chain expression. The re-introduction of miR-29c to endometrial cancer cell lines reduced proliferation, increased apoptosis and reduced miR-29c target gene expression in vitro. The present results suggested that miR-29c may be a potential therapeutic target for endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Van Sinderen
- Embryo Implantation Laboratory, Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3186, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Meaghan Griffiths
- Embryo Implantation Laboratory, Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3186, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Ellen Menkhorst
- Embryo Implantation Laboratory, Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3186, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Keith Niven
- FlowCore, Technology Research Platforms, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Evdokia Dimitriadis
- Embryo Implantation Laboratory, Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3186, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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10
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Liu S, Xie X, Lei H, Zou B, Xie L. Identification of Key circRNAs/lncRNAs/miRNAs/mRNAs and Pathways in Preeclampsia Using Bioinformatics Analysis. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:1679-1693. [PMID: 30833538 PMCID: PMC6413561 DOI: 10.12659/msm.912801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to identify significantly altered circRNAs/lncRNAs/miRNAs/mRNAs pathways in preeclampsia (PE), investigate their target relationships, and determine their biological functions. MATERIAL AND METHODS Base on RNA-seq technique and the GEO database, expression profiles of circRNAs/lncRNAs/miRNAs/mRNAs related to PE were obtained. Differentially expressed RNAs were determined using the Limma package in R. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed using GSEA software (v. 3.0) and illustrated by ClusterProfiler and ggplot2 package in R. DAVID database (v. 6.8) was implemented to analyze functional categories and the association between genes and the corresponding Gene Ontology (GO) classification. The R visualization package GOPlot was used to get a better visualization of the relationships between genes and the selected functional categories. CeRNA networks which visualized the correlations between circRNA/lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA were constructed using Cytoscape software (v. 3.6.0). Targetscan and miRanda database were used to predict target relationships between circRNA/lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA. QRT-PCR and luciferase reporter assay were used to verify the expression and target relationship of has_circ_0088196/LINC01492/miR-100-5p/LIF (leukemia inhibitory factor). RESULTS The jak-stat signaling pathway was activated and miR-100-5p was downregulated in PE compared with normal tissues both in collected placental tissue samples and GEO database. Upregulated LIF, LINC01492, and hsa_circ_0088196 were negatively correlated with miR-100-5p expression and had a targeted relationship with miR-100-5p. CONCLUSIONS miR-100-5p may suppress PE development, while LIF, LINC01492, and hsa_circ_0088196 may promote it though inhibiting miR-100-5p. The jak-stat signaling pathway was activated and involved in PE progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Xie Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Huajiang Lei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Bingyu Zou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Lan Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
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11
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Wahdi N, Widjiati W, Widyawaruyanti A, Prasetyo B. The effect of sambiloto tablet (AS201-01) on placental Chondroitin Sulfate A (CSA) expression of pregnant mice infected by Plasmodium berghei. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.20473/mog.v26i22018.83-90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To determine the effect of Sambiloto tablet (AS201-01) in reducing the placental Chondroitin Sulfate A (CSA) Expression of pregnant mice infected Plasmodiumberghei.Materials and Methods: Experimental study using 24 pregnant mice were divided into 4 groups with randomization. Uninfected group, the placebo group, the Sambiloto tablet (AS201-01) group and the DHP tablet (as a standart drug) group. The last three groups, were infected with P. bergheion day 9th of pregnancy, and the treatment was started at day 11th of pregnancy, and samples were terminated at day 15th of pregnancy by surgery. Placental sampling were stained with Tunnel assay to measure placental CSA antibodies.Results: The placental Chondroitin Sulfate A (CSA) expression. Uninfected group compared to Sambiloto tablet (AS201-01) groups was not significantly different (p>0.05), uninfected group compared with the other treatment groups differ meaningfully (p<0.05). Placebo group compared with all groups significantly different (p<0.05). Sambiloto tablet (AS201-01) group compared to uninfected group (p>0.05) was not significantly different, with another group was significantly different (p<0.05). DHP tablet group compared to all the groups was significantly different (p<0.05).Conclusion: Placental Chondroitin Sulfate A (CSA)expression of mice infected by Plasmodium berghei treated with Sambiloto tablet (AS201-01) lower than DHP tablet.
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12
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Van Sinderen M, Oyanedel J, Menkhorst E, Cuman C, Rainczuk K, Winship A, Salamonsen L, Edgell T, Dimitriadis E. Soluble Delta-like ligand 1 alters human endometrial epithelial cell adhesive capacity. Reprod Fertil Dev 2018; 29:694-702. [PMID: 26616664 DOI: 10.1071/rd15313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The endometrium undergoes substantial morphological and functional changes to become receptive to embryo implantation and to enable establishment of a successful pregnancy. Reduced Delta-like ligand 1 (DLL1, Notch ligand) in the endometrium is associated with infertility. DLL1 can be cleaved by 'a disintegrin and metalloprotease' (ADAM) proteases to produce a soluble ligand that may act to inhibit Notch signalling. We used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to quantify soluble DLL1 in uterine lavages from fertile and infertile women in the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle. We also determined the cellular location and immunostaining intensity of ADAM12 and 17 in human endometrium throughout the cycle. Functional effects of soluble DLL1 in receptivity were analysed using in vitro adhesion and proliferation assays and gene expression analysis of Notch signalling targets. Soluble DLL1 was significantly increased in uterine lavage samples of infertile women compared with fertile women in the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle. This coincided with significantly increased ADAM17 immunostaining detected in the endometrial luminal epithelium in the mid-secretory phase in infertile women. Soluble DLL1 significantly inhibited the adhesive capacity of endometrial epithelial cells via downregulation of helix-loop-helix and hairy/enhancer of split family member HES1 mRNA. Thus, soluble DLL1 may serve as a suitable target or potential biomarker for receptivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Van Sinderen
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright St, Clayton, Vic. 3168, Australia
| | - Jennifer Oyanedel
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright St, Clayton, Vic. 3168, Australia
| | - Ellen Menkhorst
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright St, Clayton, Vic. 3168, Australia
| | - Carly Cuman
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright St, Clayton, Vic. 3168, Australia
| | - Katarzyna Rainczuk
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright St, Clayton, Vic. 3168, Australia
| | - Amy Winship
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright St, Clayton, Vic. 3168, Australia
| | - Lois Salamonsen
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright St, Clayton, Vic. 3168, Australia
| | - Tracey Edgell
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright St, Clayton, Vic. 3168, Australia
| | - Evdokia Dimitriadis
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright St, Clayton, Vic. 3168, Australia
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13
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Ilieva KM, Cheung A, Mele S, Chiaruttini G, Crescioli S, Griffin M, Nakamura M, Spicer JF, Tsoka S, Lacy KE, Tutt ANJ, Karagiannis SN. Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan 4 and Its Potential As an Antibody Immunotherapy Target across Different Tumor Types. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1911. [PMID: 29375561 PMCID: PMC5767725 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4) has been associated with the pathology of multiple types of such as melanoma, breast cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, mesothelioma, neuroblastoma, adult and pediatric sarcomas, and some hematological cancers. CSPG4 has been reported to exhibit a role in the growth and survival as well as in the spreading and metastasis of tumor cells. CSPG4 is overexpressed in several malignant diseases, while it is thought to have restricted and low expression in normal tissues. Thus, CSPG4 has become the target of numerous anticancer treatment approaches, including monoclonal antibody-based therapies. This study reviews key potential anti-CSPG4 antibody and immune-based therapies and examines their direct antiproliferative/metastatic and immune activating mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M Ilieva
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Cheung
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Mele
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giulia Chiaruttini
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Crescioli
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Merope Griffin
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mano Nakamura
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Informatics, Faculty of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James F Spicer
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophia Tsoka
- Department of Informatics, Faculty of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katie E Lacy
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew N J Tutt
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, London, United Kingdom.,Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, London, United Kingdom
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14
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Invasive trophoblast promote stromal fibroblast decidualization via Profilin 1 and ALOX5. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8690. [PMID: 28821715 PMCID: PMC5562808 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05947-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During the establishment of pregnancy, extravillous trophoblast (EVT) must invade into the uterine decidua to facilitate decidual artery remodelling to create the placental blood supply. The local decidual environment is thought to regulate trophoblast invasion, however these interactions are poorly defined in humans. Recent evidence in women suggests impaired decidualization is associated with miscarriage and preeclampsia. Primary human endometrial stromal cells (HESC) and first trimester extravillous trophoblast (EVTs) were used to assess the effect of EVT-secreted factors on HESC decidualization, adhesion, proliferation and migration. We determined the role of profilin (PFN)1, an EVT-secreted factor, on HESC function and identified a downstream target of PFN1. EVT-secreted factors induced HESC decidualization and enhanced decidualized HESC adhesion, proliferation and migration. Recombinant PFN1 enhanced methoxyprogesterone acetate-induced HESC decidualization and proliferation. PFN1 down-regulated the expression of lipoxygenase arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (ALOX5) in HESC and THP-1 macrophages. ALOX5 localised to decidual cells and CD68+macrophages in 1st trimester decidua. This study demonstrated that EVT secretions, including PFN1, enhanced HESC decidualization and motility. This study has identified a new pathway that facilitates appropriate decidualization during the establishment of pregnancy.
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15
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Mina SG, Huang P, Murray BT, Mahler GJ. The role of shear stress and altered tissue properties on endothelial to mesenchymal transformation and tumor-endothelial cell interaction. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2017; 11:044104. [PMID: 28798857 PMCID: PMC5533495 DOI: 10.1063/1.4991738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Tumor development is influenced by stromal cells in aspects including invasion, growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Activated fibroblasts are one group of stromal cells involved in cancer metastasis, and one source of activated fibroblasts is endothelial to mesenchymal transformation (EndMT). EndMT begins when the endothelial cells delaminate from the cell monolayer, lose cell-cell contacts, lose endothelial markers such as vascular endothelial-cadherin (VE-cadherin), gain mesenchymal markers like alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and acquire mesenchymal cell-like properties. A three-dimensional (3D) culture microfluidic device was developed for investigating the role of steady low shear stress (1 dyne/cm2) and altered extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and stiffness on EndMT. Shear stresses resulting from fluid flow within tumor tissue are relevant to both cancer metastasis and treatment effectiveness. Low and oscillatory shear stress rates have been shown to enhance the invasion of metastatic cancer cells through specific changes in actin and tubulin remodeling. The 3D ECM within the device was composed of type I collagen and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate. An increase in collagen and GAGs has been observed in the solid tumor microenvironment and has been correlated with poor prognosis in many different cancer types. In this study, it was found that ECM composition and low shear stress upregulated EndMT, including upregulation of mesenchymal-like markers (α-SMA and Snail) and downregulated endothelial marker protein and gene expression (VE-cadherin). Furthermore, this novel model was utilized to investigate the role of EndMT in breast cancer cell proliferation and migration. Cancer cell spheroids were embedded within the 3D ECM of the microfluidic device. The results using this device show for the first time that the breast cancer spheroid size is dependent on shear stress and that the cancer cell migration rate, distance, and proliferation are induced by EndMT-derived activated fibroblasts. This model can be used to explore new therapeutics in a tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara G Mina
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, P.O. Box 6000, Binghamton, New York 13902, USA
| | - Peter Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Binghamton University, P.O. Box 6000, Binghamton, New York 13902, USA
| | - Bruce T Murray
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Binghamton University, P.O. Box 6000, Binghamton, New York 13902, USA
| | - Gretchen J Mahler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, P.O. Box 6000, Binghamton, New York 13902, USA
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16
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Ampofo E, Schmitt BM, Menger MD, Laschke MW. The regulatory mechanisms of NG2/CSPG4 expression. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2017; 22:4. [PMID: 28536635 PMCID: PMC5415841 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-017-0035-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuron-glial antigen 2 (NG2), also known as chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4), is a surface type I transmembrane core proteoglycan that is crucially involved in cell survival, migration and angiogenesis. NG2 is frequently used as a marker for the identification and characterization of certain cell types, but little is known about the mechanisms regulating its expression. In this review, we provide evidence that the regulation of NG2 expression underlies inflammation and hypoxia and is mediated by methyltransferases, transcription factors, including Sp1, paired box (Pax) 3 and Egr-1, and the microRNA miR129-2. These regulatory factors crucially determine NG2-mediated cellular processes such as glial scar formation in the central nervous system (CNS) or tumor growth and metastasis. Therefore, they are potential targets for the establishment of novel NG2-based therapeutic strategies in the treatment of CNS injuries, cancer and other conditions of these types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Ampofo
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Beate M Schmitt
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Michael D Menger
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Matthias W Laschke
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
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17
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Winship A, Van Sinderen M, Heffernan-Marks A, Dimitriadis E. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan protein is stimulated by interleukin 11 and promotes endometrial epithelial cancer cell proliferation and migration. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:798-804. [PMID: 28098860 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecological cancer. We identified interleukin 11 (IL11) as a critical mediator of endometrial tumourigenesis and demonstrated that IL11 regulates chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG4) in human placental trophoblasts. CSPG4 is a cell membrane protein overexpressed in numerous human cancers, although its role in endometrial cancer has not been investigated. We examined CSPG4 expression and localization in primary human type I endometrioid grade (G) 1-3 tumours by qPCR and immunohistochemistry and determined whether IL11 stimulated CSPG4. IL11 upregulated CSPG4 mRNA in HEC1A (G2-derived endometrial epithelial cancer cell line) cells. IL11 administration to BALB/c nude mice enhanced HEC1A xenograft tumour growth and increased CSPG4 protein in tumours. CSPG4 mRNA was unchanged between human G1-3 endometrial cancer and control tissues. CSPG4 protein levels were elevated in the epithelium of G2 and G3 endometrial cancer and in the tumour-associated stroma of G3 tumour tissues compared to proliferative phase or post-menopausal endometrium. CSPG4 knockdown by siRNA reduced HEC1A proliferation and migration in vitro and reduced gene expression of the key epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) regulator SNAIL. Our data suggest that CSPG4 inhibition may impair endometrial cancer progression by reducing cancer cell proliferation, migration and potentially EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Winship
- Centre for Reproductive Health, The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, 3168 VIC, Australia
| | - Michelle Van Sinderen
- Centre for Reproductive Health, The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, 3168 VIC, Australia
| | - Ariella Heffernan-Marks
- Centre for Reproductive Health, The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, 3168 VIC, Australia
| | - Eva Dimitriadis
- Centre for Reproductive Health, The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, 3168 VIC, Australia
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18
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Winship AL, Rainczuk K, Ton A, Dimitriadis E. Fibulin-5 localisation in human endometrial cancer shifts from epithelial to stromal with increasing tumour grade, and silencing promotes endometrial epithelial cancer cell proliferation. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:651-657. [PMID: 27347195 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the most common invasive gynaecological malignancy. While endocrine, genetic and inflammatory factors are thought to contribute to its pathogenesis, its precise etiology and molecular regulators remain poorly understood. Fibulin-5 is an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein that inhibits cell growth and invasion in several cancer cell types and is downregulated in a number of types of human cancer. However, it is unknown whether fibulin-5 plays a role in endometrial tumourigenesis. In the current report, the expression and localisation of fibulin-5 in type I endometrioid human endometrial cancers of grades (G) 1-3 was investigated using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Fibulin-5 mRNA was found to be significantly reduced in whole tumour tissues from women across G1-3 compared with benign endometrium (P<0.0001). Consistently, fibulin-5 protein was also reduced in the tumour epithelial compartment across increasing tumour grades. By contrast, increased protein localisation to the tumour stroma was observed with increasing grade. Knockdown by small interfering RNA in Ishikawa endometrial epithelial cancer cells expressing fibulin-5 stimulated cell adhesion and proliferation in vitro. Fibulin-5 mRNA expression in Ishikawa cells was induced by transforming growth factor-β and fibulin-5 in turn activated extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2), suggesting that it may act via the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. In summary, the present study identified fibulin-5 as a downregulated ECM gene in human endometrial cancer and observed a shift from epithelial to stromal protein localisation with increasing tumour grade in women. These data suggest that loss of fibulin-5 function may promote endometrial cancer progression by enhancing epithelial cell adhesion and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Louise Winship
- Centre for Reproductive Health, The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria 3168, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Kate Rainczuk
- Centre for Reproductive Health, The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria 3168, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Amanda Ton
- Centre for Reproductive Health, The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria 3168, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Eva Dimitriadis
- Centre for Reproductive Health, The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria 3168, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
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19
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Salanti A, Clausen TM, Agerbæk MØ, Al Nakouzi N, Dahlbäck M, Oo HZ, Lee S, Gustavsson T, Rich JR, Hedberg BJ, Mao Y, Barington L, Pereira MA, LoBello J, Endo M, Fazli L, Soden J, Wang CK, Sander AF, Dagil R, Thrane S, Holst PJ, Meng L, Favero F, Weiss GJ, Nielsen MA, Freeth J, Nielsen TO, Zaia J, Tran NL, Trent J, Babcook JS, Theander TG, Sorensen PH, Daugaard M. Targeting Human Cancer by a Glycosaminoglycan Binding Malaria Protein. Cancer Cell 2015; 28:500-514. [PMID: 26461094 PMCID: PMC4790448 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum engineer infected erythrocytes to present the malarial protein, VAR2CSA, which binds a distinct type chondroitin sulfate (CS) exclusively expressed in the placenta. Here, we show that the same CS modification is present on a high proportion of malignant cells and that it can be specifically targeted by recombinant VAR2CSA (rVAR2). In tumors, placental-like CS chains are linked to a limited repertoire of cancer-associated proteoglycans including CD44 and CSPG4. The rVAR2 protein localizes to tumors in vivo and rVAR2 fused to diphtheria toxin or conjugated to hemiasterlin compounds strongly inhibits in vivo tumor cell growth and metastasis. Our data demonstrate how an evolutionarily refined parasite-derived protein can be exploited to target a common, but complex, malignancy-associated glycosaminoglycan modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Salanti
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Centre for Medical Parasitology, University of Copenhagen, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Thomas M Clausen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Centre for Medical Parasitology, University of Copenhagen, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada; Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada; Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Mette Ø Agerbæk
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Centre for Medical Parasitology, University of Copenhagen, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada; Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Nader Al Nakouzi
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada; Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Madeleine Dahlbäck
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Centre for Medical Parasitology, University of Copenhagen, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Htoo Zarni Oo
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada; Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Sherry Lee
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Tobias Gustavsson
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Centre for Medical Parasitology, University of Copenhagen, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jamie R Rich
- Kairos Therapeutics, Inc., Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; Centre for Drug Research and Development, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Bradley J Hedberg
- Kairos Therapeutics, Inc., Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; Centre for Drug Research and Development, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Yang Mao
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Line Barington
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Centre for Medical Parasitology, University of Copenhagen, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marina A Pereira
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Centre for Medical Parasitology, University of Copenhagen, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Janine LoBello
- Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Makoto Endo
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada; Department of Anatomic Pathology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ladan Fazli
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Jo Soden
- Retrogenix Ltd., Crown House, Bingswood Estate, Whaley Bridge, High Peak SK23 7LY, UK
| | - Chris K Wang
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Adam F Sander
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Centre for Medical Parasitology, University of Copenhagen, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robert Dagil
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Centre for Medical Parasitology, University of Copenhagen, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susan Thrane
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Centre for Medical Parasitology, University of Copenhagen, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter J Holst
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Centre for Medical Parasitology, University of Copenhagen, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Le Meng
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Francesco Favero
- Centre for Biological Sequence Analysis, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Glen J Weiss
- Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Goodyear, AZ 85338, USA
| | - Morten A Nielsen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Centre for Medical Parasitology, University of Copenhagen, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jim Freeth
- Retrogenix Ltd., Crown House, Bingswood Estate, Whaley Bridge, High Peak SK23 7LY, UK
| | - Torsten O Nielsen
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Joseph Zaia
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Nhan L Tran
- Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Jeff Trent
- Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - John S Babcook
- Kairos Therapeutics, Inc., Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; Centre for Drug Research and Development, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Thor G Theander
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Centre for Medical Parasitology, University of Copenhagen, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Poul H Sorensen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Mads Daugaard
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada; Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada.
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Human Blastocyst Secreted microRNA Regulate Endometrial Epithelial Cell Adhesion. EBioMedicine 2015; 2:1528-35. [PMID: 26629549 PMCID: PMC4634783 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful embryo implantation requires synchronous development and communication between the blastocyst and the endometrium, however the mechanisms of communication in humans are virtually unknown. Recent studies have revealed that microRNAs (miRs) are present in bodily fluids and secreted by cells in culture. We have identified that human blastocysts differentially secrete miRs in a pattern associated with their implantation outcome. miR-661 was the most highly expressed miR in blastocyst culture media (BCM) from blastocysts that failed to implant (non-implanted) compared to blastocysts that implanted (implanted). Our results indicate a possible role for Argonaute 1 in the transport of miR-661 in non-implanted BCM and taken up by primary human endometrial epithelial cells (HEECs). miR-661 uptake by HEEC reduced trophoblast cell line spheroid attachment to HEEC via PVRL1. Our results suggest that human blastocysts alter the endometrial epithelial adhesion, the initiating event of implantation, via the secretion of miR, abnormalities in which result in implantation failure. microRNAs are secreted by human blastocysts relative to implantation potential during IVF. microRNA-661 is secreted by blastocysts that fail to implant and taken up by endometrial epithelial cells via Argonaute 1. microRNA-661 reduces adhesion of trophoblast spheroids to endometrial cells.
Implantation failure is a large problem affecting the success rate of in vitro fertilisation (IVF). There are no effective treatments for implantation failure. Our study demonstrated that human embryos secrete microRNA and their expression is differentially expressed in embryos that achieve a successful pregnancy compared to embryos that fail. The study identified that microRNA 661 secreted by embryos, was taken up by human endometrial epithelial cells via attachment to a protein and inhibited endometrial cell adhesiveness. This suggests that abnormally produced microRNA may prevent attachment of human embryos to the endometrial lining and prevent implantation and pregnancy.
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Lu LL, Sun J, Lai JJ, Jiang Y, Bai LH, Zhang LD. Neuron-glial antigen 2 overexpression in hepatocellular carcinoma predicts poor prognosis. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:6649-6659. [PMID: 26074703 PMCID: PMC4458775 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i21.6649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate whether neuron-glial antigen 2 (NG2) could be an effective prognostic marker in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
METHODS: NG2 expression was semi-quantitatively scored from the immunohistochemistry (IHC) data based on the number of positive cells and the staining intensity. A total of 132 HCC specimens and 96 adjacent noncancerous tissue samples were analyzed by IHC for NG2 protein expression. To confirm the NG2 expression levels observed by IHC, we measured NG2 expression in 30 randomly selected tumor and adjacent noncancerous tissue samples by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. The correlations between NG2 protein expression and the clinicopathological features of HCC patients were analyzed using the χ2 test. To assess the prognostic value of NG2 for HCC, the association between NG2 expression and survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method with the log-rank test. To further evaluate the prognostic value of NG2 expression, a Cox multivariate proportional hazards regression analysis was performed with all the variables to derive risk estimates related to disease-free and overall survival and to control for confounders.
RESULTS: High NG2 expression was observed in significantly more primary tumor samples (63.6%; 84/132) compared with the adjacent noncancerous tissue samples (28.1%; 27/96) (P < 0.0001). Moreover, high NG2 protein expression was closely associated with tumor differentiation (χ2 = 9.436, P = 0.0089), recurrence (χ2 = 5.769, P = 0.0163), tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage (χ2 = 8.976, P = 0.0027), and invasion (χ2 = 5.476, P = 0.0193). However, no significant relationship was observed between NG2 protein expression in HCC and other parameters, such as age, sex, tumor size, serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP), tumor number, or tumor capsule. The log-rank test indicated a significant difference in the overall survival of HCC patients with high NG2 expression compared with those with low NG2 expression (29.2% vs 9.5%, P < 0.001). Moreover, NG2 expression in HCC tissue significantly correlated with disease-free survival (15.2% vs 6.7%, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that NG2 expression (HR = 2.035, P = 0.002), serum AFP (HR = 1.903, P = 0.003), TNM stage (HR = 2.039, P = 0.001), and portal vein invasion (HR = 1.938, P = 0.002) were independent prognostic indicators for OS in HCC patients. Furthermore, NG2 expression (HR = 1.974, P = 0.003), serum AFP (HR = 1.767, P = 0.008), TNM stage (HR = 2.078, P = 0.001), tumor capsule (HR = 0.652, P = 0.045), and portal vein invasion (HR = 1.941, P = 0.002) were independent prognostic indicators for DFS in HCC patients.
CONCLUSION: The up-regulation of NG2 is associated with poor prognosis in HCC. Therefore, NG2 could be useful as an additional prognostic marker to increase the resolution of traditional approaches.
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