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Xie X, Liu J, Gao J, Shang C, Jiang Y, Chen L, Qian Z, Liu L, Wu D, Zhang Y, Ru Z, Zhang Y. The crosstalk between cell death and pregnancy related diseases: A narrative review. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116815. [PMID: 38788598 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death is intricately linked to various physiological phenomena such as growth, development, and metabolism, as well as the proper function of the pancreatic β cell and the migration and invasion of trophoblast cells in the placenta during pregnancy. Traditional and recently identified programmed cell death include apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis. In addition to cancer and degenerative diseases, abnormal activation of cell death has also been implicated in pregnancy related diseases like preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, fetal growth restriction, and recurrent miscarriage. Excessive or insufficient cell death and pregnancy related diseases may be mutually determined, ultimately resulting in adverse pregnancy outcomes. In this review, we systematically describe the characteristics and mechanisms underlying several types of cell death and their roles in pregnancy related diseases. Moreover, we discuss potential therapeutic strategies that target cell death signaling pathways for pregnancy related diseases, hoping that more meaningful treatments will be applied in clinical practice in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Xie
- Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, China; The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
| | - Jiayu Liu
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Women's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, China
| | - Jingyi Gao
- Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Chenwei Shang
- Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, China; The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Women's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, China
| | - Lingyan Chen
- Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, China
| | - Zhiwen Qian
- Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Women's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, China
| | - Danping Wu
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Women's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Women's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, China.
| | - Zhu Ru
- Anqing Medical College Clinical Research Center, Anqing Municipal Hospital, Anqing 246003, Anhui, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, China; Department of Oncology, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Women's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, China.
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Wong YP, Cheah FC, Wong KK, Shah SA, Phon SE, Ng BK, Lim PS, Khong TY, Tan GC. Gardnerella vaginalis infection in pregnancy: Effects on placental development and neonatal outcomes. Placenta 2022; 120:79-87. [PMID: 35231793 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2022.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Aplin JD, Jones CJP. Cell dynamics in human villous trophoblast. Hum Reprod Update 2021; 27:904-922. [PMID: 34125187 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmab015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Villous cytotrophoblast (vCTB) is a precursor cell population that supports the development of syncytiotrophoblast (vSTB), the high surface area barrier epithelium of the placental villus, and the primary interface between maternal and fetal tissue. In light of increasing evidence that the placenta can adapt to changing maternal environments or, under stress, can trigger maternal disease, we consider what properties of these cells empower them to exert a controlling influence on pregnancy progression and outcome. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE How are cytotrophoblast proliferation and differentiation regulated in the human placental villus to allow for the increasing demands of the fetal and environmental challenges and stresses that may arise during pregnancy? SEARCH METHODS PubMed was interrogated using relevant keywords and word roots combining trophoblast, villus/villous, syncytio/syncytium, placenta, stem, transcription factor (and the individual genes), signalling, apoptosis, autophagy (and the respective genes) from 1960 to the present. Since removal of trophoblast from its tissue environment is known to fundamentally change cell growth and differentiation kinetics, research that relied exclusively on cell culture has not been the main focus of this review, though it is mentioned where appropriate. Work on non-human placenta is not systematically covered, though mention is made where relevant hypotheses have emerged. OUTCOMES The synthesis of data from the literature has led to a new hypothesis for vCTB dynamics. We propose that a reversible transition can occur from a reserve population in G0 to a mitotically active state. Cells from the in-cycle population can then differentiate irreversibly to intermediate cells that leave the cycle and turn on genes that confer the capacity to fuse with the overlying vSTB as well as other functions associated with syncytial barrier and transport function. We speculate that alterations in the rate of entry to the cell cycle, or return of cells in the mitotic fraction to G0, can occur in response to environmental challenge. We also review evidence on the life cycle of trophoblast from the time that fusion occurs, and point to gaps in knowledge of how large quantities of fetal DNA arrive in maternal circulation. We critique historical methodology and make a case for research to re-address questions about trophoblast lifecycle and dynamics in normal pregnancy and the common diseases of pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction, where altered trophoblast kinetics have long been postulated. WIDER IMPLICATIONS The hypothesis requires experimental testing, moving research away from currently accepted methodology towards a new standard that includes representative cell and tissue sampling, assessment of cell cycle and differentiation parameters, and robust classification of cell subpopulations in villous trophoblast, with due attention to gestational age, maternal and fetal phenotype, disease and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Aplin
- Maternal and Fetal Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Carolyn J P Jones
- Maternal and Fetal Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
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Bai K, Li X, Zhong J, Ng EHY, Yeung WSB, Lee CL, Chiu PCN. Placenta-Derived Exosomes as a Modulator in Maternal Immune Tolerance During Pregnancy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:671093. [PMID: 34046039 PMCID: PMC8144714 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.671093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a subset of extracellular vesicles with an average diameter of ~100nm. Exosomes are released by all cells through an endosome-dependent pathway and carry nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, cytokines and metabolites, mirroring the state of the originating cells. The function of exosomes has been implicated in various reproduction processes, such as embryo development, implantation, decidualization and placentation. Placenta-derived exosomes (pEXO) can be detected in the maternal blood as early as 6 weeks after conception and their levels increase with gestational age. Importantly, alternations in the molecular signatures of pEXO are observed in pregnancy-related complications. Thus, these differentially expressed molecules could be the potential biomarkers for diagnosis of the pregnancy-associated diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated that pEXO play a key role in the establishment of maternal immune tolerance, which is critical for a successful pregnancy. To gain a better understanding of the underlying mechanism, we highlighted the advanced studies of pEXO on immune cells in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunfeng Bai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xintong Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jiangming Zhong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ernest H Y Ng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - William S B Yeung
- The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cheuk-Lun Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Philip C N Chiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Graham N, Heazell AEP. When the Fetus Goes Still and the Birth Is Tragic: The Role of the Placenta in Stillbirths. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2019; 47:183-196. [PMID: 32008668 DOI: 10.1016/j.ogc.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Because of the critical role that placental structure and function plays during pregnancy, abnormal placental structure and function is closely related to stillbirth: when an infant dies before birth. However, understanding the role of the placental and specific lesions is incomplete, in part because of the variation in definitions of lesions and in classifying causes of stillbirths. Nevertheless, placental abnormalities are seen more frequently in stillbirths than live births, with placental abruption, chorioamnionitis, and maternal vascular malperfusion most commonly reported. Critically, some placental lesions affect the management of subsequent pregnancies. Histopathological examination of the placenta is recommended following stillbirth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Graham
- Faculty of Biological, Medical and Human Sciences, Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, 5th Floor (Research), Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Alexander E P Heazell
- Faculty of Biological, Medical and Human Sciences, Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, 5th Floor (Research), Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK.
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Chiarello DI, Salsoso R, Toledo F, Mate A, Vázquez CM, Sobrevia L. Foetoplacental communication via extracellular vesicles in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia. Mol Aspects Med 2017; 60:69-80. [PMID: 29222068 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Intercellular communication is a critical process in biological mechanisms. During pregnancy foetoplacental tissues release a heterogeneous group of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that include exosomes, microvesicles, apoptotic bodies, and syncytial nuclear aggregates. These vesicles contain a complex cargo (proteins, DNA, mRNA transcripts, microRNAs, noncoding RNA, lipids, and other molecules) that actively participate in the maternal-foetal communication by modulating different processes during gestation for a successful foetal development. Each stage of human gestation is marked by events such as immunomodulation, proliferation, invasion, migration, and differentiation, among others, requiring EVs-mediated signalling to be nearby or distant target cells. Furthermore, EVs also associate with pregnancy pathologies such as preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. This review addresses the role of EVs in human foetomaternal communication in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia I Chiarello
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile.
| | - Rocío Salsoso
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville E-41012, Spain
| | - Fernando Toledo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Del Bío-Bío, Chillán 3780000, Chile
| | - Alfonso Mate
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville E-41012, Spain
| | - Carmen M Vázquez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville E-41012, Spain
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville E-41012, Spain; University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4029 Queensland, Australia.
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Lean SC, Heazell AEP, Dilworth MR, Mills TA, Jones RL. Placental Dysfunction Underlies Increased Risk of Fetal Growth Restriction and Stillbirth in Advanced Maternal Age Women. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9677. [PMID: 28852057 PMCID: PMC5574918 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09814-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancies in women of advanced maternal age (AMA) are susceptible to fetal growth restriction (FGR) and stillbirth. We hypothesised that maternal ageing is associated with utero-placental dysfunction, predisposing to adverse fetal outcomes. Women of AMA (≥35 years) and young controls (20-30 years) with uncomplicated pregnancies were studied. Placentas from AMA women exhibited increased syncytial nuclear aggregates and decreased proliferation, and had increased amino acid transporter activity. Chorionic plate and myometrial artery relaxation was increased compared to controls. AMA was associated with lower maternal serum PAPP-A and sFlt and a higher PlGF:sFlt ratio. AMA mice (38-41 weeks) at E17.5 had fewer pups, more late fetal deaths, reduced fetal weight, increased placental weight and reduced fetal:placental weight ratio compared to 8-12 week controls. Maternofetal clearance of 14C-MeAIB and 3H-taurine was reduced and uterine arteries showed increased relaxation. These studies identify reduced placental efficiency and altered placental function with AMA in women, with evidence of placental adaptations in normal pregnancies. The AMA mouse model complements the human studies, demonstrating high rates of adverse fetal outcomes and commonalities in placental phenotype. These findings highlight placental dysfunction as a potential mechanism for susceptibility to FGR and stillbirth with AMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha C Lean
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Alexander E P Heazell
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R Dilworth
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Tracey A Mills
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca L Jones
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Senagore PK, Holzman CB, Parks WT, Catov JM. Working Towards a Reproducible Method for Quantifying Placental Syncytial Knots. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2017; 19:389-400. [PMID: 26529304 DOI: 10.2350/15-08-1701-oa.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Prominent syncytial knots (SK) in placentas signal advanced gestation or placental malperfusion, reflecting exposures that adversely affect placental development and pregnancy outcomes. Molecular-level interrogations of syncytiotrophoblast have altered perceptions of and raised questions about the function and disposition of SK. Quantifying SK and achieving acceptable levels of interrater reliability have been challenging. Our objective was to develop a simple, reproducible protocol for counting SK and demonstrate interrater reliability overall and within 3 parameters, ie, preterm vs term delivery, presence vs absence of diffuse prominent SK (DPSK), and SK relationship with a lesion, all of which could influence measurement reproducibility and interpretation. Criteria for defining SK and a grid system drawn on glass slides were developed for counting percentage of villi with SK. One disc section each from 151 placentas, sampled from 8 groups defined by the 3 parameters, was assessed by 2 pretrained pathologists. The resulting weighted kappa statistic for overall interrater agreement was 0.60 (very good) and Spearman correlation coefficient for ranking quartiles was >0.70. Agreement was best for preterm placentas, kappa = 0.61, and those only showing DPSK associated with a lesion, kappa = 0.67. Agreement was low in the absence of DPSK, kappa = 0.22, or when DPSK was present in a placenta not associated with a lesion, kappa = 0.32. The proposed method offers a potentially reliable approach for categorizing SK counts as normal vs abnormal or providing continuous measure counts. More extensive pretraining, focused on placentas with few SK and those without an associated lesion, is recommended to improve agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia K Senagore
- 1 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, West Fee Hall, 909 Fee Road, Room B601, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Claudia B Holzman
- 1 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, West Fee Hall, 909 Fee Road, Room B601, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - W Tony Parks
- 2 Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Magee-Women's Hospital of UPMC, 300 Halket Street, Room 4436, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,3 Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 300 Halket Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Janet M Catov
- 4 Magee Women's Research Institute; Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 300 Halket Street, Suite 2315, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,5 Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 300 Halket Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Hannan NJ, Beard S, Binder NK, Onda K, Kaitu'u-Lino TJ, Chen Q, Tuohey L, De Silva M, Tong S. Key players of the necroptosis pathway RIPK1 and SIRT2 are altered in placenta from preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction. Placenta 2017; 51:1-9. [PMID: 28292463 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preeclampsia (PE) and fetal growth restriction (FGR) are among the leading causes of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Placental insufficiency is central to these conditions. The mechanisms underlying placental insufficiency are poorly understood. Apoptosis has long been considered the only form of regulated cell death, recent research has identified an alternate process of programmed cell death known as necroptosis [1]. Necroptosis is distinct from apoptosis, relying on the deacetylase sirtuin-2 [2], receptor interacting kinases RIPK1 and 3, and the pseudokinase MLKL [3]. We aimed to determine whether these key necroptosis effector molecules were present in human placenta and whether they are differentially expressed in severe preterm (PT) PE and FGR. METHODS PT placentas from severe early onset (<34 weeks) PE (n = 30), FGR (n = 12) and control (18) pregnancies were collected. SIRT2 and RIPK1 localization and quantitation was determined by immunohistochemistry and western blot. Immunocytochemistry was used to detect SIRT2 and RIPK1 in trophoblastic debris from first trimester, term control and PE pregnancies. Expression of SIRT2, RIPK1, RIPK3 and MLKL was examined by qPCR. RESULTS SIRT2 and RIPK1 were localized to the syncytiotrophoblast, villous leukocytes and vasculature in all PT placentas. A significant reduction in SIRT2 protein expression in both PE and FGR placentas was identified. RIPK1 mRNA expression was significantly increased in PE placentas. Immunofluorescence identified both SIRT2 and RIPK1 in the cytotrophoblast cytoplasm. DISCUSSION We have identified the presence of activators of necroptosis in human placenta. Interestingly, there is differential expression in major pregnancy complications. We conclude necroptosis may contribute to placental pathophysiology that underlies serious pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J Hannan
- Translational Obstetrics Group, The Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mercy Hospital for Women, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Sally Beard
- Translational Obstetrics Group, The Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mercy Hospital for Women, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Natalie K Binder
- Translational Obstetrics Group, The Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mercy Hospital for Women, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kenji Onda
- Translational Obstetrics Group, The Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mercy Hospital for Women, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Japan
| | - Tu'uhevaha J Kaitu'u-Lino
- Translational Obstetrics Group, The Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mercy Hospital for Women, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Laura Tuohey
- Translational Obstetrics Group, The Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mercy Hospital for Women, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Manarangi De Silva
- Translational Obstetrics Group, The Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mercy Hospital for Women, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen Tong
- Translational Obstetrics Group, The Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mercy Hospital for Women, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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Calvert SJ, Longtine MS, Cotter S, Jones CJP, Sibley CP, Aplin JD, Nelson DM, Heazell AEP. Studies of the dynamics of nuclear clustering in human syncytiotrophoblast. Reproduction 2016; 151:657-71. [PMID: 27002000 PMCID: PMC4911178 DOI: 10.1530/rep-15-0544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Syncytial nuclear aggregates (SNAs), clusters of nuclei in the syncytiotrophoblast of
the human placenta, are increased as gestation advances and in pregnancy pathologies.
The origins of increased SNAs are unclear; however, a better appreciation of the
mechanism may give insight into placental ageing and factors underpinning
dysfunction. We developed three models to investigate whether SNA formation results
from a dynamic process of nuclear movement and to generate alternative hypotheses.
SNA count and size were measured in placental explants cultured over 16 days and
particles released into culture medium were quantified. Primary trophoblasts were
cultured for 6 days. Explants and trophoblasts were cultured with and without
cytoskeletal inhibitors. An in silico model was developed to examine
the effects of modulating nuclear behaviour on clustering. In explants, neither
median SNA number (108 SNA/mm2 villous area) nor size (283
μm2) changed over time. Subcellular particles from conditioned
culture medium showed a wide range of sizes that overlapped with those of SNAs.
Nuclei in primary trophoblasts did not change position relative to other nuclei;
apparent movement was associated with positional changes of the syncytial cell
membrane. In both models, SNAs and nuclear clusters were stable despite
pharmacological disruption of cytoskeletal activity. In silico,
increased nuclear movement, adhesiveness and sites of cytotrophoblast fusion were
related to nuclear clustering. The prominence of SNAs in pregnancy disorders may not
result from an active process involving cytoskeleton-mediated rearrangement of
syncytial nuclei. Further insights into the mechanism(s) of SNA formation will aid
understanding of their increased presence in pregnancy pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Calvert
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research CentreInstitute of Human Development, School of Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK St Mary's HospitalCentral Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - M S Longtine
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyWashington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - S Cotter
- School of MathematicsAlan Turing Building, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - C J P Jones
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research CentreInstitute of Human Development, School of Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK St Mary's HospitalCentral Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - C P Sibley
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research CentreInstitute of Human Development, School of Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK St Mary's HospitalCentral Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - J D Aplin
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research CentreInstitute of Human Development, School of Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK St Mary's HospitalCentral Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - D M Nelson
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyWashington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - A E P Heazell
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research CentreInstitute of Human Development, School of Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK St Mary's HospitalCentral Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
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Govender N, Moodley J, Gathiram P, Naicker T. Soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 in HIV infected pre-eclamptic South African Black women. Placenta 2014; 35:618-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2014.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Li XL, Dong X, Xue Y, Li CF, Gou WL, Chen Q. Increased expression levels of E-cadherin, cytokeratin 18 and 19 observed in preeclampsia were not correlated with disease severity. Placenta 2014; 35:625-31. [PMID: 24857367 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2014.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific disorder and placental factor(s) contribute to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Turnover of villous trophoblast is affected by impaired placental perfusion in preeclampsia. Expression and localisation of cadherins and cytokeratins are involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. However, studies describing the associations between cadherins and cytokeratins in preeclampsia are limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, cytokeratin 18 and cytokeratin 19 in placentae from women with preeclampsia in order to determine whether their expression differs with disease severity. METHODS 29 preeclamptic placentae and 25 normotensive placentae were included in this study. The expression of E-cadherin, cytokeratin 18, cytokeratin 19 andN-cadherin was quantified by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. RESULTS E-cadherin, cytokeratin 18 and cytokeratin 19 were expressed predominantly in the syncytiotrophoblast of the placenta and the expression of E-cadherin, cytokeratin 18 and cytokeratin 19 was significantly increased in preeclampsia compared to normotensive pregnancies. However, there was no significant difference in expression between severe preeclampsia and mild preeclampsia. In addition, there was no difference in the expression of N-cadherin between preeclampsic and normotensive pregnancies. DISCUSSION Our data demonstrated increased expression of E-cadherin, cytokeratin 18 and cytokeratin 19 in the syncytiotrophoblast of preeclamptic placentae, but this increase was not correlated with disease severity. CONCLUSION Our data suggests that E-cadherin and cytokeratins are involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- X L Li
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China.
| | - X Dong
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Y Xue
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - C F Li
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - W L Gou
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China.
| | - Q Chen
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The University of Auckland, New Zealand; The Hospital of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Nanjing Medical University, China.
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