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Sechet J, Htwe S, Urbanowicz B, Agyeman A, Feng W, Ishikawa T, Colomes M, Kumar KS, Kawai‐Yamada M, Dinneny JR, O'Neill MA, Mortimer JC. Suppression of Arabidopsis GGLT1 affects growth by reducing the L-galactose content and borate cross-linking of rhamnogalacturonan-II. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 96:1036-1050. [PMID: 30203879 PMCID: PMC6263843 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Boron is a micronutrient that is required for the normal growth and development of vascular plants, but its precise functions remain a subject of debate. One established role for boron is in the cell wall where it forms a diester cross-link between two monomers of the low-abundance pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan-II (RG-II). The inability of RG-II to properly assemble into a dimer results in the formation of cell walls with abnormal biochemical and biomechanical properties and has a severe impact on plant productivity. Here we describe the effects on RG-II structure and cross-linking and on the growth of plants in which the expression of a GDP-sugar transporter (GONST3/GGLT1) has been reduced. In the GGLT1-silenced plants the amount of L-galactose in side-chain A of RG-II is reduced by up to 50%. This leads to a reduction in the extent of RG-II cross-linking in the cell walls as well as a reduction in the stability of the dimer in the presence of calcium chelators. The silenced plants have a dwarf phenotype, which is rescued by growth in the presence of increased amounts of boric acid. Similar to the mur1 mutant, which also disrupts RG-II cross-linking, GGLT1-silenced plants display a loss of cell wall integrity under salt stress. We conclude that GGLT1 is probably the primary Golgi GDP-L-galactose transporter, and provides GDP-L-galactose for RG-II biosynthesis. We propose that the L-galactose residue is critical for RG-II dimerization and for the stability of the borate cross-link.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Sechet
- Joint BioEnergy InstituteEmeryvilleCA94608USA
- Biosciences AreaLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA
- Present address:
INRAVersailles78000France
| | - Soe Htwe
- Joint BioEnergy InstituteEmeryvilleCA94608USA
- Biosciences AreaLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | - Breeanna Urbanowicz
- Complex Carbohydrate Research CenterThe University of GeorgiaAthensGA30602USA
| | - Abigail Agyeman
- Complex Carbohydrate Research CenterThe University of GeorgiaAthensGA30602USA
- Present address:
School of PharmacySouth UniversitySavannahGA31406USA
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Plant BiologyCarnegie Institute for ScienceStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Toshiki Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Science and EngineeringSaitama UniversitySaitama338‐8570Japan
| | - Marianne Colomes
- Joint BioEnergy InstituteEmeryvilleCA94608USA
- Biosciences AreaLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA
- Present address:
NutribioParis75440France
| | - Kavitha Satish Kumar
- Joint BioEnergy InstituteEmeryvilleCA94608USA
- Biosciences AreaLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | - Maki Kawai‐Yamada
- Graduate School of Science and EngineeringSaitama UniversitySaitama338‐8570Japan
| | - José R. Dinneny
- Department of Plant BiologyCarnegie Institute for ScienceStanfordCA94305USA
- Department of BiologyStanford UniversityStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Malcolm A. O'Neill
- Complex Carbohydrate Research CenterThe University of GeorgiaAthensGA30602USA
| | - Jenny C. Mortimer
- Joint BioEnergy InstituteEmeryvilleCA94608USA
- Biosciences AreaLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA
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Liu J, Luo M, Yan X, Yu C, Li S. Characterization of genes coding for galacturonosyltransferase-like (GATL) proteins in rice. Genes Genomics 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-016-0436-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Paul P, Chaturvedi P, Selymesi M, Ghatak A, Mesihovic A, Scharf KD, Weckwerth W, Simm S, Schleiff E. The membrane proteome of male gametophyte in Solanum lycopersicum. J Proteomics 2016; 131:48-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Moon S, Kim SR, Zhao G, Yi J, Yoo Y, Jin P, Lee SW, Jung KH, Zhang D, An G. Rice glycosyltransferase1 encodes a glycosyltransferase essential for pollen wall formation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 161:663-75. [PMID: 23263792 PMCID: PMC3561011 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.210948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The pollen wall consists of an exine and an intine. The mechanism underlying its formation is not well understood. Glycosyltransferases catalyze the modification of biological molecules by attaching a single or multiple sugars and play key roles in a wide range of biological processes. We examined the role of GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASE1 (OsGT1) in pollen wall development in rice (Oryza sativa). This gene is highly expressed in mature pollen, and plants containing alleles caused by transfer DNA insertion do not produce homozygous progeny. Reciprocal crosses between OsGT1/osgt1 and the wild type indicated that the mutation leads to a male gametophyte defect. Microscopic analyses revealed that osgt1 pollen developed normally to the pollen mitosis stage but failed to produce mature grains. In osgt1 pollen, intine structure was disrupted. In addition, starch and protein levels were much lower in the mutant grains. Recombinant OsGT1 transferred glucose from UDP-glucose to the third and seventh positions of quercetin, a universal substrate of glycosyltransferases. Consistent with the role of OsGT1, an OsGT1-green fluorescent protein fusion protein was localized to the Golgi apparatus. Taken together, our results suggest that OsGT1 is a Golgi-localized glycosyltransferase essential for intine construction and pollen maturation, providing new insight into male reproductive development.
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Abstract
Recent progress in the identification and characterization of pectin biosynthetic proteins and the discovery of pectin domain-containing proteoglycans are changing our view of how pectin, the most complex family of plant cell wall polysaccharides, is synthesized. The functional confirmation of four types of pectin biosynthetic glycosyltransferases, the identification of multiple putative pectin glycosyl- and methyltransferases, and the characteristics of the GAUT1:GAUT7 homogalacturonan biosynthetic complex with its novel mechanism for retaining catalytic subunits in the Golgi apparatus and its 12 putative interacting proteins are beginning to provide a framework for the pectin biosynthetic process. We propose two partially overlapping hypothetical and testable models for pectin synthesis: the consecutive glycosyltransferase model and the domain synthesis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melani A Atmodjo
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-4712, USA.
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Voxeur A, André A, Breton C, Lerouge P. Identification of putative rhamnogalacturonan-II specific glycosyltransferases in Arabidopsis using a combination of bioinformatics approaches. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51129. [PMID: 23272088 PMCID: PMC3522684 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhamnogalacturonan-II (RG-II) is a complex plant cell wall polysaccharide that is composed of an α(1,4)-linked homogalacturonan backbone substituted with four side chains. It exists in the cell wall in the form of a dimer that is cross-linked by a borate di-ester. Despite its highly complex structure, RG-II is evolutionarily conserved in the plant kingdom suggesting that this polymer has fundamental functions in the primary wall organisation. In this study, we have set up a bioinformatics strategy aimed at identifying putative glycosyltransferases (GTs) involved in RG-II biosynthesis. This strategy is based on the selection of candidate genes encoding type II membrane proteins that are tightly coexpressed in both rice and Arabidopsis with previously characterised genes encoding enzymes involved in the synthesis of RG-II and exhibiting an up-regulation upon isoxaben treatment. This study results in the final selection of 26 putative Arabidopsis GTs, including 10 sequences already classified in the CAZy database. Among these CAZy sequences, the screening protocol allowed the selection of α-galacturonosyltransferases involved in the synthesis of α4-GalA oligogalacturonides present in both homogalacturonans and RG-II, and two sialyltransferase-like sequences previously proposed to be involved in the transfer of Kdo and/or Dha on the pectic backbone of RG-II. In addition, 16 non-CAZy GT sequences were retrieved in the present study. Four of them exhibited a GT-A fold. The remaining sequences harbored a GT-B like fold and a fucosyltransferase signature. Based on homologies with glycosyltransferases of known functions, putative roles in the RG-II biosynthesis are proposed for some GT candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Voxeur
- Laboratoire Glyco-MEV, EA 4358, Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation Biotechnologique, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Aurélie André
- Laboratoire Glyco-MEV, EA 4358, Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation Biotechnologique, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | | | - Patrice Lerouge
- Laboratoire Glyco-MEV, EA 4358, Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation Biotechnologique, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
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Zhang L, Jiang L, Shi Y, Luo H, Kang R, Yu Z. Post-harvest 1-methylcyclopropene and ethephon treatments differently modify protein profiles of peach fruit during ripening. Food Res Int 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2012.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Driouich A, Follet-Gueye ML, Bernard S, Kousar S, Chevalier L, Vicré-Gibouin M, Lerouxel O. Golgi-mediated synthesis and secretion of matrix polysaccharides of the primary cell wall of higher plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2012; 3:79. [PMID: 22639665 PMCID: PMC3355623 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2012.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus of eukaryotic cells is known for its central role in the processing, sorting, and transport of proteins to intra- and extra-cellular compartments. In plants, it has the additional task of assembling and exporting the non-cellulosic polysaccharides of the cell wall matrix including pectin and hemicelluloses, which are important for plant development and protection. In this review, we focus on the biosynthesis of complex polysaccharides of the primary cell wall of eudicotyledonous plants. We present and discuss the compartmental organization of the Golgi stacks with regards to complex polysaccharide assembly and secretion using immuno-electron microscopy and specific antibodies recognizing various sugar epitopes. We also discuss the significance of the recently identified Golgi-localized glycosyltransferases responsible for the biosynthesis of xyloglucan (XyG) and pectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azeddine Driouich
- Laboratoire ‶Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale″, UPRES EA 4358, Institut Federatif de Recherche Multidisciplinaire sur les Peptides, Plate-forme de Recherche en Imagerie Cellulaire de Haute Normandie, Université de RouenMont Saint Aignan, France
- *Correspondence: Azeddine Driouich, Laboratoire “Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale” UPRES EA 4358, Institut Federatif de Recherche Multidisciplinaire sur les Peptides, Plate-forme de Recherche en Imagerie Cellulaire de Haute Normandie, Université de Rouen, Rue Tesnière, Bâtiment Henri Gadeau de Kerville, 76821. Mont Saint Aignan, Cedex, France. e-mail:
| | - Marie-Laure Follet-Gueye
- Laboratoire ‶Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale″, UPRES EA 4358, Institut Federatif de Recherche Multidisciplinaire sur les Peptides, Plate-forme de Recherche en Imagerie Cellulaire de Haute Normandie, Université de RouenMont Saint Aignan, France
| | - Sophie Bernard
- Laboratoire ‶Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale″, UPRES EA 4358, Institut Federatif de Recherche Multidisciplinaire sur les Peptides, Plate-forme de Recherche en Imagerie Cellulaire de Haute Normandie, Université de RouenMont Saint Aignan, France
| | - Sumaira Kousar
- Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules végétales–CNRS, Université Joseph FourierGrenoble, France
| | - Laurence Chevalier
- Institut des Matériaux/UMR6634/CNRS, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de RouenSt. Etienne du Rouvray Cedex, France
| | - Maïté Vicré-Gibouin
- Laboratoire ‶Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale″, UPRES EA 4358, Institut Federatif de Recherche Multidisciplinaire sur les Peptides, Plate-forme de Recherche en Imagerie Cellulaire de Haute Normandie, Université de RouenMont Saint Aignan, France
| | - Olivier Lerouxel
- Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules végétales–CNRS, Université Joseph FourierGrenoble, France
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