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Wos G, Macková L, Kubíková K, Kolář F. Ploidy and local environment drive intraspecific variation in endoreduplication in Arabidopsis arenosa. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2022; 109:259-271. [PMID: 35137947 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Endoreduplication, nonheritable duplication of a nuclear genome, is widespread in plants and plays a role in developmental processes related to cell differentiation. However, neither ecological nor cytological factors influencing intraspecific variation in endoreduplication are fully understood. METHODS We cultivated plants covering the range-wide natural diversity of diploid and tetraploid populations of Arabidopsis arenosa in common conditions to investigate the effect of original ploidy level on endoreduplication. We also raised plants from several foothill and alpine populations from different lineages and of both ploidies to test for the effect of elevation. We determined the endoreduplication level in leaves of young plants by flow cytometry. Using RNA-seq data available for our populations, we analyzed gene expression analysis in individuals that differed in endoreduplication level. RESULTS We found intraspecific variation in endoreduplication that was mainly driven by the original ploidy level of populations, with significantly higher endoreduplication in diploids. An effect of elevation was also found within each ploidy, yet its direction exhibited rather regional-specific patterns. Transcriptomic analysis comparing individuals with high vs. low endopolyploidy revealed a majority of differentially expressed genes related to the stress and hormone response and to modifications especially in the cell wall and in chloroplasts. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the general assumption of higher potential of low-ploidy organisms to undergo endoreduplication and suggest that endoreduplication is further integrated within the stress response pathways for a fine-tune adjustment of the endoreduplication process to their local environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Wos
- Department of Botany, Charles University, Benátská 2, 12801 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Macková
- Department of Botany, Charles University, Benátská 2, 12801 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Kubíková
- Department of Zoology, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12845 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Kolář
- Department of Botany, Charles University, Benátská 2, 12801 Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
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Zhang K, Pan J, Chen Y, Wei Y, Du H, Sun J, Lv D, Wen H, He H, Wang G, Cai R. Mapping and identification of CsSh5.1, a gene encoding a xyloglucan galactosyltransferase required for hypocotyl elongation in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:979-991. [PMID: 33558986 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-020-03754-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
CsSh5.1, which controls hypocotyl elongation under high temperature conditions in cucumber, was mapped to a 57.1 kb region on chromosome 5 containing a candidate gene encoding a xyloglucan galactosyltransferase. Hypocotyl growth is a vital process in seedling establishment. Hypocotyl elongation after germination relies more on longitudinal cell elongation than cell division. Cell elongation is largely determined by the extensibility of the cell wall. Here, we identified a spontaneous mutant in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), sh5.1, which exhibits a temperature-insensitive short hypocotyl phenotype. Genetic analysis showed that the phenotype of sh5.1 was controlled by a recessive nuclear gene. CsSh5.1 was mapped to a 57.1 kb interval on chromosome 5, containing eight predicted genes. Sequencing analysis revealed that the Csa5G171710 is the candidate gene of CsSh5.1, which was further confirmed via co-segregation analysis and genomic DNA sequencing in natural cucumber variations. The result indicated that hypocotyl elongation might be controlled by this gene. CsSh5.1 encodes a xyloglucan galactosyltransferase that specifically adds galactose to xyloglucan and forms galactosylated xyloglucans, which determine the strength and extensibility of the cell walls. CsSh5.1 expression in wild-type (WT) hypocotyl was significantly higher than that in sh5.1 hypocotyl under high temperature, suggesting its important role in hypocotyl cell elongation under high temperature. The identification of CsSh5.1 is helpful for elucidating the function of xyloglucan galactosyltransferase in cell wall expansion and understanding the mechanism of hypocotyl elongation in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyan Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Junsong Pan
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Chen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Wei
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Du
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingxian Sun
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Duo Lv
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Haifan Wen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanle He
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, 200240, Shanghai, China.
| | - Run Cai
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, 200240, Shanghai, China.
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Ben Hdech D, Aubry C, Alibert B, Beucher D, Prosperi JM, Limami AM, Teulat B. Exploring natural diversity of Medicago truncatula reveals physiotypes and loci associated with the response of seedling performance to nitrate supply. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 170:227-247. [PMID: 32492180 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Seedling pre-emergence is a critical phase of development for successful crop establishment because of its susceptibility to environmental conditions. In a context of reduced use of inorganic fertilizers, the genetic bases of the response of seedlings to nitrate supply received little attention. This issue is important even in legumes where nitrate absorption starts early after germination, before nodule development. Natural variation of traits characterizing seedling growth in the absence or presence of nitrate was investigated in a core collection of 192 accessions of Medicago truncatula. Plasticity indexes to the absence of nitrate were calculated. The genetic determinism of the traits was dissected by genome-wide association study (GWAS). The absence of nitrate affected seed biomass mobilization and root/shoot length ratio. However, the large range of genetic variability revealed different seedling performances within natural diversity. A principal component analysis (PCA) carried out with plasticity indexes highlighted four physiotypes of accessions differing in relationships between seedling elongation and seed biomass partitioning traits in response to the absence of nitrate. Finally, GWAS revealed 45 associations with single or combined traits corresponding to coordinates of accessions on PCA, as well as two clusters of genes encoding sugar transporters and glutathione transferases surrounding loci associated with seedling elongation traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douae Ben Hdech
- IRHS-UMR1345, Université d'Angers, INRAE, Institut Agro, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, 42, rue Georges Morel, Beaucouzé, 49071, France
| | - Catherine Aubry
- IRHS-UMR1345, Université d'Angers, INRAE, Institut Agro, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, 42, rue Georges Morel, Beaucouzé, 49071, France
| | - Bénédicte Alibert
- IRHS-UMR1345, Université d'Angers, INRAE, Institut Agro, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, 42, rue Georges Morel, Beaucouzé, 49071, France
| | - Daniel Beucher
- IRHS-UMR1345, Université d'Angers, INRAE, Institut Agro, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, 42, rue Georges Morel, Beaucouzé, 49071, France
| | - Jean-Marie Prosperi
- AGAP, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, 2, place P. Viala, Montpellier cedex 1, 34060, France
| | - Anis M Limami
- IRHS-UMR1345, Université d'Angers, INRAE, Institut Agro, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, 42, rue Georges Morel, Beaucouzé, 49071, France
| | - Béatrice Teulat
- IRHS-UMR1345, Université d'Angers, INRAE, Institut Agro, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, 42, rue Georges Morel, Beaucouzé, 49071, France
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Pacey EK, Maherali H, Husband BC. Endopolyploidy is associated with leaf functional traits and climate variation in Arabidopsis thaliana. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2020; 107:993-1003. [PMID: 32691866 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Endopolyploidy is widespread throughout the tree of life and is especially prevalent in herbaceous angiosperms. Its prevalence in this clade suggests that endopolyploidy may be adaptive, but its functional roles are poorly understood. To address this gap in knowledge, we explored whether endopolyploidy was associated with climatic factors and correlated with phenotypic traits related to growth. METHODS We sampled stem and leaf endopolyploidy in 56 geographically separated accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana grown in a common garden to explore species variation and to determine whether this variation was correlated with climatic variables and other plant traits. RESULTS Stem endopolyploidy was not associated with climate or other traits. However, leaf endopolyploidy was significantly higher in accessions from drier and colder environments. Moreover, leaf endopolyploidy was positively correlated with apparent chlorophyll content and leaf dry mass. CONCLUSIONS Endopolyploidy may have a functional role in the storage of chloroplasts and starch, and it may offer an adaptive avenue of tissue growth in cold and dry environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan K Pacey
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Hafiz Maherali
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Brian C Husband
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
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Youssef C, Aubry C, Montrichard F, Beucher D, Juchaux M, Ben C, Prosperi JM, Teulat B. Cell length instead of cell number becomes the predominant factor contributing to hypocotyl length genotypic differences under abiotic stress in Medicago truncatula. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2016; 156:108-124. [PMID: 26303328 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Hypocotyl elongation in the dark is a crucial process to ensure seedling emergence. It relies both on the cell number and cell length. The contribution of these two factors to the maximal hypocotyl length and the impact of environmental conditions on this contribution are not known. This is surprising considering the agronomic and economical importance of seedling emergence in crop establishment. Using 14 genotypes from a nested core collection representing Medicago truncatula (barrel medic) natural variation, we investigated how epidermal cell number and cell length contribute to hypocotyl length under optimal, low temperature (8°C) and water deficit (-0.50 MPa) conditions. Both cell number and length vary according to genotypes and contribute to maximal hypocotyl length differences between genotypes. This contribution, however, depends on growth conditions. Cell number is the major contributor under optimal conditions (60%) whereas cell length becomes the major determinant under stress. Maximal hypocotyl length is correlated with hypocotyl elongation rate under both stresses but not under optimal condition, revealing contrasted genotypes for cell elongation capacity under stress. To identify the genetic regulators determining cell number and cell length, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were detected using a recombinant inbred lines population exhibiting segregation in maximal hypocotyl length. Two QTLs controlling cell number and three QTLs controlling cell length at low temperature were detected. One QTL for cell number and two for cell length were found to be associated with hypocotyl length under low temperature. This study provides new information to improve seedling emergence under abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chvan Youssef
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (UMR 1345 IRHS), Agrocampus Ouest, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé Cedex, France
| | - Catherine Aubry
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (UMR 1345 IRHS), Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé Cedex, France
| | - Françoise Montrichard
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (UMR 1345 IRHS), Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé Cedex, France
| | - Daniel Beucher
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (UMR 1345 IRHS), Agrocampus Ouest, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé Cedex, France
| | | | - Cécile Ben
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (UMR 5245, EcoLab), Université de Toulouse, INP, UPS, ENSAT, Castanet Tolosan, France
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (UMR 5245, EcoLab), CNRS, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Jean-Marie Prosperi
- Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR 1334 AGAP), INRA, Montpellier, France
| | - Béatrice Teulat
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (UMR 1345 IRHS), Agrocampus Ouest, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé Cedex, France
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Scholes DR, Paige KN. Plasticity in ploidy: a generalized response to stress. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 20:165-175. [PMID: 25534217 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Endoreduplication, the replication of the genome without mitosis, leads to an increase in the cellular ploidy of an organism over its lifetime, a condition termed 'endopolyploidy'. Endopolyploidy is thought to play significant roles in physiology and development through cellular, metabolic, and genetic effects. While the occurrence of endopolyploidy has been observed widely across taxa, studies have only recently begun to characterize and manipulate endopolyploidy with a focus on its ecological and evolutionary importance. No compilation of these examples implicating endoreduplication as a generalized response to stress has thus far been made, despite the growing evidence supporting this notion. We review here the recent literature of stress-induced endopolyploidy and suggest that plants employ endoreduplication as an adaptive, plastic response to mitigate the effects of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Scholes
- School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 515 Morrill Hall, 505 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Ken N Paige
- School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 515 Morrill Hall, 505 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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