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Maurya RL, Kumar M, Sirohi U, Priya, Chaudhary V, Sharma VR, Yadav D, Yadav MK. Effect of Silver Nitrate and Thidiazuron on Shoot Proliferation, Hyperhydricity and Assessment of Genetic Fidelity of Microplants in Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.). CYTOL GENET+ 2023. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452723010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
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Mohamed SM, El-Mahrouk ME, El-Banna AN, Hafez YM, El-Ramady H, Abdalla N, Dobránszki J. Optimizing Medium Composition and Environmental Culture Condition Enhances Antioxidant Enzymes, Recovers Gypsophila paniculata L. Hyperhydric Shoots and Improves Rooting In Vitro. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:306. [PMID: 36679021 PMCID: PMC9861530 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Gypsophila paniculata L. is one of the most important commercial cut flowers worldwide. The plant is sterile and propagated mainly by in vitro culture techniques. However, hyperhydricity hinders its micropropagation and increases mortality during ex vitro acclimatization. Hyperhydric shoots of G. paniculata were proliferated from nodal explants on MS medium without growth regulators that contained 30 g L-1 sucrose, and gelled with 6.0 g L-1 agar. Medium components and environmental culture conditions were optimized to revert hyperhydricity in G. paniculata microshoots and develop an efficient micropropagation protocol for commercial production. Multiple shoots with high quality were successfully regenerated on MS medium fortified with potassium and ammonium nitrate at full concentration, 2.0 mg L-1 paclobutrazol, solidified with 9.0 g L-1agar in Magenta boxes of 62.87 gas exchange/day and incubated under light density of 60 µmol m-2s-1. We recorded 4.33 shoots, 40.00 leaves, 6.33 cm, 2.50 g and 95.00% for number of shoots/explant, number of leaves/shoot, shoot length, shoot fresh weight and normal shoots percentage, respectively. Well-rooted plantlets of G. paniculata were developed from the reverted microshoots, with the rooting percentage (95.00%) on MS medium augmented with 1.0 mg L-1 IBA in Magenta boxes of 62.87 gas exchange/day and 60 µmol m-2s-1 light density. In vitro-rooted plantlets exhibited reduced electrolyte leakage, and enhanced antioxidant enzymes activity of peroxidase, catalase, and polyphenol oxidase due to good ventilation at the highest gas exchange rate of the culture vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan M. Mohamed
- Physiology & Breeding of Horticultural Crops Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Mohammed E. El-Mahrouk
- Physiology & Breeding of Horticultural Crops Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Antar N. El-Banna
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Yaser M. Hafez
- EPCRS Excellence Center, Plant Pathology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Hassan El-Ramady
- Soil and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Neama Abdalla
- Plant Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
- Centre for Agricultural Genomics and Biotechnology, FAFSEM, University of Debrecen, 4400 Nyíregyháza, Hungary
| | - Judit Dobránszki
- Centre for Agricultural Genomics and Biotechnology, FAFSEM, University of Debrecen, 4400 Nyíregyháza, Hungary
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Polivanova OB, Bedarev VA. Hyperhydricity in Plant Tissue Culture. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11233313. [PMID: 36501352 PMCID: PMC9738826 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hyperhydricity is the most common physiological disorder in in vitro plant cultivation. It is characterized by certain anatomical, morphological, physiological, and metabolic disturbances. Hyperhydricity significantly complicates the use of cell and tissue culture in research, reduces the efficiency of clonal micropropagation and the quality of seedlings, prevents the adaptation of plants in vivo, and can lead to significant losses of plant material. This review considers the main symptoms and causes of hyperhydricity, such as oxidative stress, impaired nitrogen metabolism, and the imbalance of endogenous hormones. The main factors influencing the level of hyperhydricity of plants in vitro are the mineral and hormonal composition of a medium and cultivation conditions, in particular the aeration of cultivation vessels. Based on these factors, various approaches are proposed to eliminate hyperhydricity, such as varying the mineral and hormonal composition of the medium, the use of exogenous additives, aeration systems, and specific lighting. However, not all methods used are universal in eliminating the symptoms of hyperhydricity. Therefore, the study of hyperhydricity requires a comprehensive approach, and measures aimed at its elimination should be complex and species-specific.
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Li L, An Q, Wang QM, Liu W, Qi X, Cui J, Wang Y, Ke H. The mechanism of bud dehyperhydricity by the method of 'starvation drying combined with AgNO3' in Lycium ruthenicum. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:1841-1857. [PMID: 35451030 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Micropropagation is very important for rapid clonal propagation and scientific research of woody plants. However, the micropropagated materials usually show hyperhydricity, which seriously hinders application of the micropropagation. Lycium ruthenicum is an important species of eco-economic forests. Herein, treatment of 'starvation and drying combined with 30 μM AgNO3' (SDCAg+) removed serious hyperhydricity of L. ruthenicum buds regenerated from its green-inflorescence-explants, and then gene expression, metabolites of various phytohormones, chloroplasts, chlorophyll (Chl) and total soluble proteins of the hyperhydric and dehyperhydric leaves were compared and analyzed. The results suggested that the SDCAg+ treatment might remove hyperhydricity of L. ruthenicum through: reducing water uptake; increasing water loss; up-regulating the expression of chloroplast-ribosomal-protein genes from nuclear genome; down-regulating the expression of cytoplasmic-ribosomal-protein genes; up-regulating the synthesis of the total soluble proteins; restoring the lamellar structure of chloroplast grana and matrix; improving Chl synthesis and reducing Chl metabolism; increasing expression of light-harvesting Chl protein complex genes and content of Chla and b; up-regulating both photosynthesis and starch and sucrose metabolism KEGG pathways; up-regulating abscisic acid, salicylic acid and their signaling; down-regulating cytokinin, jasmonic acid, jasmonoyl-l-isoleucine and their signaling. Also, the above events interact to form a regulatory network of dehyperhydricity by SDCAg+ treatment. Overall, the study indicated key genes/pathways and physiological/subcellular changes involved in dehyperhydricity and then established a dehyperhydric mechanism model of L. ruthenicum. This not only proposed clues for preventing or removing hyperhydricity but also laid foundations for molecular breeding of L. ruthenicum and other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujia Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetics, Breeding and Cultivation of Liaoning Province, College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Qinxia An
- Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetics, Breeding and Cultivation of Liaoning Province, College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Qin-Mei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetics, Breeding and Cultivation of Liaoning Province, College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetics, Breeding and Cultivation of Liaoning Province, College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xinyu Qi
- Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetics, Breeding and Cultivation of Liaoning Province, College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Jianguo Cui
- Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetics, Breeding and Cultivation of Liaoning Province, College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yucheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetics, Breeding and Cultivation of Liaoning Province, College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Haifeng Ke
- Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetics, Breeding and Cultivation of Liaoning Province, College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
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Gao H, Xia X, An L. Critical roles of the activation of ethylene pathway genes mediated by DNA demethylation in Arabidopsis hyperhydricity. THE PLANT GENOME 2022; 15:e20202. [PMID: 35319821 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hyperhydricity (HH) often occurs in plant tissue culture, seriously influencing the commercial micropropagation and genetic improvement. DNA methylation has been studied for its function in plant development and stress responses. However, its potential role in HH is unknown. In this study, we report the first comparative DNA methylome analysis of normal and hyperhydric Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. seedlings using whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (BS-seq). We found that the global methylation level decreased in hyperhydric seedlings, and most of the differentially methylated genes were CHH hypomethylated genes. Moreover, the bisulfite sequencing results showed that hyperhydric seedlings displayed CHH demethylation patterns in the promoter of the ACS1 and ETR1 genes, resulting in upregulated expression of both genes and increased ethylene accumulation. Furthermore, hyperhydric seedling displayed reduced stomatal aperture accompanied by decreased water loss and increased phosphorylation of aquaporins accompanied by increased water uptake. While silver nitrate (AgNO3 ) prevented HH by maintained the degree of methylation in the promoter regions of ACS1 and ETR1 and downregulated the transcription of both genes. AgNO3 also reduced the content of ethylene together with the phosphorylation of aquaporins and water uptake. Taken together, this study suggested that DNA demethylation is a key switch that activates ethylene pathway genes to enable ethylene synthesis and signal transduction, which may subsequently influence aquaporin phosphorylation and stomatal aperture, eventually causing HH; thus, DNA demethylation plays a crucial role in HH. These results provide insights into the epigenetic regulation mechanism of HH and confirm the role of ethylene and AgNO3 in hyperhydricity control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyang Gao
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian Univ. of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, China
- School of Traditonal Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical Univ., Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiuying Xia
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian Univ. of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, China
| | - Lijia An
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian Univ. of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, China
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Sreelekshmi R, Siril EA. Effective reversal of hyperhydricity leading to efficient micropropagation of Dianthus chinensis L. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:95. [PMID: 33520581 PMCID: PMC7840827 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02645-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The effective reversion of hyperhydricity (HH) in Dianthus chinensis L. facilitated efficient in vitro production of hyperhydricity-free plantlets. Under routine sub-culture practice, the problem of HH arises after third sub-culture in agar (0.85%) gelled Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 2.5 µM 6-benzyladenine (BA). To confirm the role of ethylene on hyperhydricity induction, an ethylene releasing compound ethephon (5 µM) was used in combination with 2.5 µM BA and demonstrated 100% HH with reduced stomatal aperture. Supplementation of 10 µM silver nitrate (AgNO3) to 2.5 µM BA containing medium resulted HH reversion with reduced shoot number (19.0); however, addition of 5 µM cobalt chloride (CoCl2) produced highest microshoots (202.0). The combination effect of AgNO3 (10 µM), CoCl2 (5 µM), and BA (2.5 µM) showed complete HH reversion and upheld normal microshoots (55.0) with reduced relative water content (78.3%). The Ag and Co salts regulate ethylene biosynthesis and thereby 50% reductions in H2O2 content characterized by formation of green healthy shoots with proper stomatal morphology. The gene expression profile of 1-Amminocyclopropane-1-carboxylase synthase (ACS1) and 1-Amminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase (ACO1) showed reduced expression after the retroversion of microshoots in anti-ethylene reversion medium compared to hyperhydric shoot. In vitro raised shoots were rooted (93.3%) ex vitro by 10 mM IBA treatment and 92.2% plants were survived. The genetic stability of micropropagated plants were analyzed and proved that addition of low levels of heavy metal salt in the medium does not cause any variation in banding pattern. The protocol forwards a novel method to revert HH of in vitro cultures by adopting intermittent exposure of anti-ethylene compounds added in the medium and the procedure can be applied to many other plants facing similar HH problems. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-02645-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Sreelekshmi
- Department of Botany, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram 695581 India
| | - E. A. Siril
- Department of Botany, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram 695581 India
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Sreelekshmi R, Siril EA. Influence of polyamines on hyperhydricity reversion and its associated mechanism during micropropagation of China pink ( Dianthus chinensis L.). PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 26:2035-2045. [PMID: 33088047 PMCID: PMC7548305 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-020-00885-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hyperhydricity (HH) is a physiological disorder that frequently occurs in plant tissue cultures, affecting healthy growth and development of clonal plants. The primary cultures raised in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2.5 µM N6-benzyladenine (BA) produced normal microshoot (6.3 shoots/ culture) with least HH. However, the third subculture onwards, HH becomes a major problem. The role of ethylene on HH induction through stomatal closure mechanism were proved by the supplementation of ethephon (5 µM) in the culture medium containing 2.5 µM BA. In the present study, the application of polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, or spermine) to minimize the HH was examined. Supplementation of 5 µM spermine in MS medium significantly reduced the percentage of HH to 0.33%, in contrast to control (100%), while a maximum number of healthy reverted shoots (11.0) were observed in 5 µM spermidine treatment. The addition of polyamines effectively reduced H2O2 content (50%) characterized by increased chlorophyll content with proper stomatal morphology. The relative gene expression profile of ethylene biosynthesis genes, 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylase synthase (ACS1) and 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase (ACO1) at 5 µM spermine added medium was 1.09 and 1.3 over normal (1) or HH cultures (1.93 and 2.53) respectively, and thus directed restoration of normal morphology of shoots. The present finding in brief, forward a novel method to regulate HH in terms of endogenous ethylene by adopting polyamines exposure and the procedure can be applied to many other plants facing similar HH problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Sreelekshmi
- Department of Botany, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, 695581 India
| | - E. A. Siril
- Department of Botany, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, 695581 India
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Isah T. Changes in the biochemical parameters of albino, hyperhydric and normal green leaves of Caladium bicolor cv. “Bleeding hearts” in vitro long-term cultures. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 191:88-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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