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A Trp574Leu Target-Site Mutation Confers Imazamox Resistance in Multiple Herbicide-Resistant Wild Poinsettia Populations from Brazil. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10081057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Wild poinsettia (Euphorbia heterophylla L.) is an important weed species in southern Brazil, especially due to the evolution of multiple herbicide resistance (e.g., acetolactate synthase (ALS)- inhibitors, protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitors, and glyphosate). The mechanism of resistance to imazamox was investigated in two wild poinsettia populations (R1 and R2) from southern Brazil and compared to a known susceptible (S) population. Imazamox dose-response experiments revealed high levels of resistance: 45-fold and 224.5-fold based on dry biomass reduction, for R1 and R2, respectively. Extremely high concentrations of imazamox (20,000 µM) were not sufficient to provide 50% inhibition of ALS enzyme activity (I50) for R1 or R2. Hence, resistance levels were estimated to be greater than 123-fold for both populations based on in vitro ALS assays. The ALS gene from all R1 and R2 plants had a Trp574Leu mutation. A genotyping assay was developed to discriminate resistant and susceptible alleles based on the Trp574Leu mutation.
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Xie Y, Zhang C, Wang Z, Wei C, Liao N, Wen X, Niu C, Yi L, Wang Z, Xi Z. Fluorogenic Assay for Acetohydroxyacid Synthase: Design and Applications. Anal Chem 2019; 91:13582-13590. [PMID: 31603309 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) exists in plants and many microorganisms (including gut flora) but not in mammals, making it an attractive drug target. Fluorescent-based methods should be practical for high-throughput screening of inhibitors. Herein, we describe the development of the first AHAS fluorogenic assay based on an intramolecular charge transfer (ICT)-based fluorescent probe. The assay is facile, sensitive, and continuous and can be applied toward various AHASs from different species, AHAS mutants, and crude cell lysates. The fluorogenic assay was successfully applied for (1) high-throughput screening of commerical herbicides toward different AHASs for choosing matching herbicides, (2) identification of a Soybean AHAS gene with broad-spectrum herbicide resistance, and (3) identification of selective inhibitors toward intestinal-bacterial AHASs. Among the AHAS inhibitors, an active agent was found for selective inhibition of obesity-associated Ruminococcus torques growth, implying the possibility of AHAS inhibitors for the ultimate goal toward antiobesity therapeutics. The fluorogenic assay opens the door for high-throughput programs in AHAS-related fields, and the design principle might be applied for development of fluorogenic assays of other synthases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, National Pesticide Engineering Research Center (Tianjin), College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , P. R. China
| | - Changyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess , Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT) , Beijing 100029 , P. R. China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai 200237 , P. R. China
| | - Chao Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, National Pesticide Engineering Research Center (Tianjin), College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , P. R. China
| | - Ningjing Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, National Pesticide Engineering Research Center (Tianjin), College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , P. R. China
| | - Xin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, National Pesticide Engineering Research Center (Tianjin), College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , P. R. China
| | - Congwei Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, National Pesticide Engineering Research Center (Tianjin), College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , P. R. China
| | - Long Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess , Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT) , Beijing 100029 , P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , P. R. China
| | - Zejian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai 200237 , P. R. China
| | - Zhen Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, National Pesticide Engineering Research Center (Tianjin), College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , P. R. China
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