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Hrebonkin A, Afonin S, Nikitjuka A, Borysov OV, Leitis G, Babii O, Koniev S, Lorig T, Grage SL, Nick P, Ulrich AS, Jirgensons A, Komarov IV. Spiropyran-Based Photoisomerizable α-Amino Acid for Membrane-Active Peptide Modification. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400066. [PMID: 38366887 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Photoisomerizable peptides are promising drug candidates in photopharmacology. While azobenzene- and diarylethene-containing photoisomerizable peptides have already demonstrated their potential in this regard, reports on the use of spiropyrans to photoregulate bioactive peptides are still scarce. This work focuses on the design and synthesis of a spiropyran-derived amino acid, (S)-2-amino-3-(6'-methoxy-1',3',3'-trimethylspiro-[2H-1-benzopyran-2,2'-indolin-6-yl])propanoic acid, which is suitable for the preparation of photoisomerizable peptides. The utility of this amino acid is demonstrated by incorporating it into the backbone of BP100, a known membrane-active peptide, and by examining the photoregulation of the membrane perturbation by the spiropyran-containing peptides. The toxicity of the peptides (against the plant cell line BY-2), their bacteriotoxicity (E. coli), and actin-auxin oscillator modulation ability were shown to be significantly dependent on the photoisomeric state of the spiropyran unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrii Hrebonkin
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, POB 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Enamine, Vul. Winstona Churchilla 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Sergii Afonin
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, POB 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anna Nikitjuka
- Enamine, Vul. Winstona Churchilla 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles iela 21, 1006, Riga, Latvia
| | - Oleksandr V Borysov
- Enamine, Vul. Winstona Churchilla 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles iela 21, 1006, Riga, Latvia
| | - Gundars Leitis
- Enamine, Vul. Winstona Churchilla 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles iela 21, 1006, Riga, Latvia
| | - Oleg Babii
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, POB 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Serhii Koniev
- Enamine, Vul. Winstona Churchilla 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Vul. Volodymyrska 60, 01601, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Theo Lorig
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, POB 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stephan L Grage
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, POB 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Peter Nick
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, POB 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anne S Ulrich
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, POB 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Aigars Jirgensons
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles iela 21, 1006, Riga, Latvia
| | - Igor V Komarov
- Enamine, Vul. Winstona Churchilla 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Vul. Volodymyrska 60, 01601, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Lumobiotics, Auerstraße 2, 76227, Karlsruhe., Germany
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Flubacher N, Baltenweck R, Hugueney P, Fischer J, Thines E, Riemann M, Nick P, Khattab IM. The fungal metabolite 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid from Neofusicoccum parvum modulates defence responses in grapevine. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:3575-3591. [PMID: 37431974 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
In a consequence of global warming, grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) have become a pertinent problem to viticulture, because endophytic fungi can turn necrotrophic upon host stress killing the plant. In Neofusicoccum parvum Bt-67, plant-derived ferulic acid makes the fungus release Fusicoccin aglycone triggering plant cell death. Now, we show that the absence of ferulic acid lets the fungus secrete 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (4-HPA), mimicking the effect of auxins on grapevine defence and facilitating fungal spread. Using Vitis suspension cells, we dissected the mode of action of 4-HPA during defence triggered by the bacterial cell-death elicitor, harpin. Early responses (cytoskeletal remodelling and calcium influx) are inhibited, as well as the expression of Stilbene Synthase 27 and phytoalexin accumulation. In contrast to other auxins, 4-HPA quells transcripts for the auxin conjugating GRETCHEN HAGEN 3. We suggest that 4-HPA is a key component of the endophytic phase of N. parvum Bt-67 preventing host cell death. Therefore, our study paves the way to understand how GTDs regulate their latent phase for successful colonisation, before turning necrotrophic and killing the vines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Flubacher
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Joseph Gottlieb Kölreuter Institute of Plant Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | | | - Jochen Fischer
- Institut für Biotechnologie und Wirkstoff-Forschung gGmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Eckhard Thines
- Institut für Biotechnologie und Wirkstoff-Forschung gGmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Riemann
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Joseph Gottlieb Kölreuter Institute of Plant Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Peter Nick
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Joseph Gottlieb Kölreuter Institute of Plant Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Islam M Khattab
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Joseph Gottlieb Kölreuter Institute of Plant Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute for Biological Interfaces 5, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
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Li S, Zhao X, Chen Y, Liu J. Therapeutic effects of mesoderm introduction of compound glycyrrhizin injection on the treatment of rosacea. Skin Res Technol 2023; 29:e13328. [PMID: 37231926 PMCID: PMC10316464 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to introduce compound glycyrrhizin injection for the treatment of rosacea by mesoderm therapy, and further analyze the therapeutic and aesthetic effects of this treatment method and its impact on the dermatological quality of life index, which provides new ideas and methods for cosmetic dermatology treatment of rosacea. METHODS The recruited rosacea patients were divided into Control group (n = 58) and observation group (n = 58) according to the random number table. The control group was treated with topical metronidazole clindamycin liniment, and the study group was additionally used mesoderm introduction of compound glycyrrhizin injection. The transepidermal water loss (TEWL), water content in corneum, and dermatology life quality index (DLQI) in rosacea patients were evaluated. RESULTS Our results showed that the scores of erythema, flushing, telangiectasia, and papulopustule were significantly reduced in the observation group. In addition, the observation group significantly decreased TEWL and increased the water content of the stratum corneum. Furthermore, the observation group significantly reduced the DLQI of rosacea patients compared to the control group. CONCLUSION The use of mesoderm therapy combined with compound glycyrrhizic acid has a therapeutic effect on facial rosacea and improves patient satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Li
- Department of DermatologyDingzhou People's HospitalDingzhouChina
| | - Xu Zhao
- Department of DermatologyDingzhou People's HospitalDingzhouChina
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Medical CosmeticsXingtai People's HospitalXingtaiChina
| | - Jipeng Liu
- Department of DermatologyDingzhou People's HospitalDingzhouChina
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Sofi KG, Metzger C, Riemann M, Nick P. Chitosan triggers actin remodelling and activation of defence genes that is repressed by calcium influx in grapevine cells. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 326:111527. [PMID: 36334621 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Defence to pathogens must be specific. In the past, we have dissected early signalling deployed by bacterial elicitors in a grapevine cell system. In the current work, we asked, how defence of fungi differs. Fungal diseases of grapevine pose great challenges for global viticulture and require massive plant protection measures. Plant cells are able to sense chitin, a central component of fungal cell walls and respond by activation of basal defence. We, therefore mapped early defence responses evoked by chitosan, a chitin fragment able to bind to chitin receptors. We found an activation of calcium influx, monitored by extracellular alkalinisation due to a co-transport of protons, remodelling of actin (but not of microtubules), and the activation of transcripts for phytoalexin synthesis, jasmonate-signalling, salicylate signalling, and chitinase. Interestingly, Gadolinium, an inhibitor of calcium influx, can inhibit extracellular alkalinisation in response to chitosan, while the induction of the phytoalexin synthesis transcripts was specifically promoted. In contrast, both DMSO and benzyl alcohol, compounds known to modulate membrane fluidity, partially inhibited the transcript responses to chitosan. We discuss these data with a model, where chitosan deploys signalling culminating in activation of defence related transcripts, but at the same time activates calcium influx that negatively feeds back on the same signal chain, which might be a mechanism to achieve a temporal signature that is rapid, but transient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karwan Gafoor Sofi
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, Karlsruhe D-76131, Germany.
| | - Christian Metzger
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, Karlsruhe D-76131, Germany.
| | - Michael Riemann
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, Karlsruhe D-76131, Germany.
| | - Peter Nick
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, Karlsruhe D-76131, Germany.
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Manz C, Raorane ML, Maisch J, Nick P. Switching cell fate by the actin-auxin oscillator in Taxus: cellular aspects of plant cell fermentation. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:2363-2378. [PMID: 36214871 PMCID: PMC9700576 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02928-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Paclitaxel synthesis in Taxus cells correlates with a cell-fate switch that leads to vacuoles of a glossy appearance and vermiform mitochondria. This switch depends on actin and apoplastic respiratory burst. Plant cell fermentation, the production of valuable products in plant cell culture, has great potential as sustainable alternative to the exploitation of natural resources for compounds of pharmaceutical interest. However, the success of this approach has remained limited, because the cellular aspects of metabolic competence are mostly unknown. The production of the anti-cancer alkaloid Paclitaxel has been, so far, the most successful case for this approach. In the current work, we map cellular aspects of alkaloid synthesis in cells of Taxus chinensis using a combination of live-cell imaging, quantitative physiology, and metabolite analysis. We show evidence that metabolic potency correlates with a differentiation event giving rise to cells with large vacuoles with a tonoplast that is of a glossy appearance, agglomerations of lipophilic compounds, and multivesicular bodies that fuse with the plasma membrane. Cellular features of these glossy cells are bundled actin, more numerous peroxisomes, and vermiform mitochondria. The incidence of glossy cells can be increased by aluminium ions, and this increase is significantly reduced by the actin inhibitor Latrunculin B, and by diphenylene iodonium, a specific inhibitor of the NADPH oxidase Respiratory burst oxidase Homologue (RboH). It is also reduced by the artificial auxin Picloram. This cellular fingerprint matches the implications of a model, where the differentiation into the glossy cell type is regulated by the actin-auxin oscillator that in plant cells acts as dynamic switch between growth and defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Manz
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Manish L Raorane
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University, Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jan Maisch
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Peter Nick
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Wang R, Duan D, Metzger C, Zhu X, Riemann M, Pla M, Nick P. Aluminum can activate grapevine defense through actin remodeling. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhab016. [PMID: 35039862 PMCID: PMC8771448 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhab016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, we used a grapevine cell line in which actin filaments are labeled by GFP to show that aluminum causes actin remodeling through activation of NADPH oxidase in the plasma membrane, followed by activation of phytoalexin synthesis genes. Elimination of actin filaments by latrunculin B disrupts gene activation and inhibition of MAPK signaling by the inhibitor PD98059. Interestingly, aluminum also induces the transcription of ISOCHORISMATE SYNTHASE, a key enzyme for the synthesis of salicylic acid, as well as PR1, a gene that is known to be responsive to salicylic acid. However, while salicylic acid responses are usually a hallmark of the hypersensitive response, aluminum-triggered defense is not accompanied by cell death. Both actin remodeling and gene activation in response to aluminum can be suppressed by the natural auxin indole acetic acid, suggesting that the actin response is not caused by nonspecific signaling. Further evidence for the specificity of the aluminum-triggered activation of phytoalexin synthesis genes comes from experiments in which plant peptide elicitors induce significant cellular mortality but do not evoke induction of these transcription. The response in grapevine cells can be recapitulated in grapevine leaf discs from two genotypes contrasting in stilbene inducibility. Here, aluminum can induce accumulation of the central grapevine phytoalexin, the stilbene aglycone trans-resveratrol; this is preceded by a rapid induction of transcription for RESVERATROL SYNTHASE and the regulating transcription factor MYB14. The amplitude of this induction reflects the general stilbene inducibility of these genotypes, indicating that the aluminum effect is not caused by nonspecific toxicity but by activation of specific signaling pathways. The findings are discussed in relation to a model in which actin filaments activate a specific branch of defense signaling, acting in concert with calcium-dependent PAMP-triggered immunity. This pathway links the apoplastic oxidative burst through MAPK signaling with the activation of defense-related transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruipu Wang
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Dong Duan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Christian Metzger
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Xin Zhu
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michael Riemann
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Maria Pla
- Institute for Food and Agricultural Technology (INTEA), University of Girona, Campus Montilivi (EPS-1), 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Peter Nick
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Guan P, Shi W, Riemann M, Nick P. Dissecting the membrane-microtubule sensor in grapevine defence. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:260. [PMID: 34848701 PMCID: PMC8632924 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00703-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Specific populations of plant microtubules cooperate with the plasma membrane to sense and process abiotic stress signals, such as cold stress. The current study derived from the question, to what extent this perception system is active in biotic stress signalling. The experimental system consisted of grapevine cell lines, where microtubules or actin filaments are visualised by GFP, such that their response became visible in vivo. We used the bacterial elicitors harpin (inducing cell-death related defence), or flg22 (inducing basal immunity) in combination with modulators of membrane fluidity, or microtubules. We show that DMSO, a membrane rigidifier, can cause microtubule bundling and trigger defence responses, including activation of phytoalexin transcripts. However, DMSO inhibited the gene expression in response to harpin, while promoting the gene expression in response to flg22. Treatment with DMSO also rendered microtubules more persistent to harpin. Paradoxically, Benzylalcohol (BA), a membrane fluidiser, acted in the same way as DMSO. Neither GdCl3, nor diphenylene iodonium were able to block the inhibitory effect of membrane rigidification on harpin-induced gene expression. Treatment with taxol stabilised microtubule against harpin but amplified the response of PAL transcripts. Therefore, the data support implications of a model that deploys specific responses to pathogen-derived signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingyin Guan
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Wenjing Shi
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michael Riemann
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Peter Nick
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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