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Huang R, Wang Z, Wen W, Yao M, Liu H, Li F, Zhang S, Ni D, Chen L. Comprehensive dissection of variation and accumulation of free amino acids in tea accessions. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhad263. [PMID: 38304331 PMCID: PMC10833077 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Free amino acids (FAAs) positively determine the tea quality, notably theanine (Thea), endowing umami taste of tea infusion, which is the profoundly prevalent research in albino tea genetic resources. Therefore, 339 tea accessions were collected to study FAAs level for deciphering its variation and accumulation mechanism. Interestingly, alanine (Ala) and Thea which had the highest diversity index (H') value among three varieties of Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze were significantly higher than wild relatives (P < 0.05). The intraspecific arginine (Arg) and glutamine (Gln) contents in C. sinensis var. assamica were significantly lower than sinensis and pubilimba varieties. Moreover, the importance of interdependencies operating across FAAs and chlorophyll levels were highlighted via the cell ultrastructure, metabolomics, and transcriptome analysis. We then determined that the association between phytochrome interacting factor 1 (CsPIF1) identified by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and Thea content. Intriguingly, transient knock-down CsPIF1 expression increased Thea content in tea plant, and the function verification of CsPIF1 in Arabidopsis also indicated that CsPIF1 acts as a negative regulator of Thea content by mainly effecting the genes expression related to Thea biosynthesis, transport, and hydrolysis, especially glutamate synthase (CsGOGAT), which was validated to be associated with Thea content with a nonsynonymous SNP by Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP). We also investigated the interspecific and geographical distribution of this SNP. Taken together, these results help us to understand and clarify the variation and profile of major FAAs in tea germplasms and promote efficient utilization in tea genetic improvement and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Weiwei Wen
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mingzhe Yao
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Haoran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Fang Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Shuran Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Dejiang Ni
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
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Li Y, Zhang C, Ma C, Chen L, Yao M. Transcriptome and Biochemical Analyses of a Chlorophyll-Deficient Bud Mutant of Tea Plant ( Camellia sinensis). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15070. [PMID: 37894753 PMCID: PMC10606798 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tea leaf-color mutants have attracted increasing attention due to their accumulation of quality-related biochemical components. However, there is limited understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind leaf-color bud mutation in tea plants. In this study, a chlorina tea shoot (HY) and a green tea shoot (LY) from the same tea plant were investigated using transcriptome and biochemical analyses. The results showed that the chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll contents in the HY were significantly lower than the LY's, which might have been caused by the activation of several genes related to chlorophyll degradation, such as SGR and CLH. The down-regulation of the CHS, DFR, and ANS involved in flavonoid biosynthesis might result in the reduction in catechins, and the up-regulated GDHA and GS2 might bring about the accumulation of glutamate in HY. RT-qPCR assays of nine DEGs confirmed the RNA-seq results. Collectively, these findings provide insights into the molecular mechanism of the chlorophyll deficient-induced metabolic change in tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mingzhe Yao
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; (Y.L.); (C.Z.); (C.M.); (L.C.)
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Li H, Song K, Zhang X, Wang D, Dong S, Liu Y, Yang L. Application of Multi-Perspectives in Tea Breeding and the Main Directions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12643. [PMID: 37628823 PMCID: PMC10454712 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tea plants are an economically important crop and conducting research on tea breeding contributes to enhancing the yield and quality of tea leaves as well as breeding traits that satisfy the requirements of the public. This study reviews the current status of tea plants germplasm resources and their utilization, which has provided genetic material for the application of multi-omics, including genomics and transcriptomics in breeding. Various molecular markers for breeding were designed based on multi-omics, and available approaches in the direction of high yield, quality and resistance in tea plants breeding are proposed. Additionally, future breeding of tea plants based on single-cellomics, pangenomics, plant-microbe interactions and epigenetics are proposed and provided as references. This study aims to provide inspiration and guidance for advancing the development of genetic breeding in tea plants, as well as providing implications for breeding research in other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Long Yang
- College of Plant Protection and Agricultural Big-Data Research Center, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
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Yanxia Z, Jianping J, Yanfen H, Qingsong D, Kunhua W. Comparative transcriptome analysis of the effects of friction and exogenous gibberellin on germination in Abrus cantoniensis. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2022; 17:2149113. [PMID: 36448597 PMCID: PMC9721420 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2022.2149113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The seeds of Abrus cantoniensis (A. cantonensis) have dormancy characteristics with very low germination under natural conditions. In general, its seed dormancy could be broken by friction or soaking with exogenous gibberellins (GA3). To date, the molecular mechanism underlying the effects of GA3 and friction on its seed germination is unclear. In this study, we tested the effects of different treatments, including soaking in sterile water (G1), friction (G2), soaking in GA3 (G3), combined treatment of friction, and GA3 (G4)) on seed germination. Then, we have investigated the seed transcriptome profiles corresponding to the different treatments by RNA sequencing. The results showed that seed germination was significantly increased by combined treatment with friction and GA3. RNA-Seq analysis generated 84.80 gigabases (Gb) of sequences. 82,996 out of 121,776 unigenes were annotated. Comparative transcriptome analysis observed that 1,130, 1,097, and 708 unigenes were deferentially expressed in G1 vs. G2, G1 vs. G3, and G1 vs. G4 groups, respectively. Additionally, 20 putatively candidate genes related to seed germination, including CYP78A5, Bg7s, GA-20-ox, rd22, MYB4, LEA, CHS, and STH-2, and other potential candidates with abundant expression were identified. Our findings provide first insights into gene expression profiles and physiological response for friction combined with GA3 on A. cantoniensis seed germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Yanxia
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Jiang Jianping
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of High-quality Formation and Utilization of Dao-di Herbs, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Huang Yanfen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Dong Qingsong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Wei Kunhua
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
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Yanzi L, Peng L, Yan Z, Kangkang J, Meng D, Zhiyuan H, Yunlin Z, Guiyan Y, Zhenggang X. Utilization of Gynostemma pentaphyllum and Houttuynia cordata medicinal plants to make Jiaosu: a healthy food. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2022.2093978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Yanzi
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan City University, Yiyang, Hunan, China
| | - Li Peng
- Department of Nursing, Yiyang Medical College, Yiyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zhang Yan
- College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiang Kangkang
- Hunan Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Environmental and Resources Plant, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dong Meng
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan City University, Yiyang, Hunan, China
| | - Hu Zhiyuan
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan City University, Yiyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zhao Yunlin
- Hunan Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Environmental and Resources Plant, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Guiyan
- College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xu Zhenggang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan City University, Yiyang, Hunan, China
- College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Hunan Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Environmental and Resources Plant, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Identifying key genes involved in yellow leaf variation in 'Menghai Huangye' based on biochemical and transcriptomic analysis. Funct Integr Genomics 2022; 22:251-260. [PMID: 35211836 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-022-00829-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Albino tea plants generally have higher theanine, which causes their tea leaves to taste fresher, and they are an important mutant for the breeding of tea plant varieties. Earlier, we reported an albino germplasm, 'Menghai Huangye' (MHHY), from Yunnan Province and found that it has a lower chlorophyll content during the yellowing stage, but the mechanism underlying low chlorophyll and the yellowing phenotype is still unclear. In this study, the pigment contents of MHHY_May (yellowing, low chlorophyll), MHHY_July (regreening, normal chlorophyll), and YK10_May (green leaves, normal chlorophyll) were determined, and the results showed that the lower chlorophyll content might be an important reason for the formation of the yellowing phenotype of MHHY. Through transcriptome sequencing, we obtained 654 candidates for differentially expressed genes (DEGs), among which 4 genes were related to chlorophyll synthesis, 10 were photosynthesis-related, 34 were HSP family genes, and 19 were transcription factor genes. In addition, we analysed the transcription levels of the key candidate genes in MHHY_May and MHHY_July and found that they are consistent with the expression trends in MHHY_May and YK10_May, which further indicates that the candidate differential genes we identified are likely to be key candidate factors involved in the low chlorophyll content and yellowing of MHHY. In summary, our findings will assist in revealing the low chlorophyll content of MHHY and the formation mechanism of yellowing tea plants and will be applied to the selection and breeding of albino tea cultivars in the future.
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