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Yu B, Xue X, Nie P, Lu N, Wang L. Fulvic acid alleviates cadmium-induced root growth inhibition by regulating antioxidant enzyme activity and carbon-nitrogen metabolism in apple seedlings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1370637. [PMID: 38711608 PMCID: PMC11072189 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1370637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Substantial previous studies have reported that fulvic acid (FA) application plays an important role in Chinese agricultural production. However, little is known about the mechanisms for using FA to increase apple trees resistance to Cd toxicity. In order to clarify the mechanism underlying FA alleviation in Cd-induced growth inhibition in apple seedlings. Methods Herein, we treated M9T337 seedlings to either 0 or 30 µM/L Cd together with 0 or 0.2 g/L FA and analyzed the root growth, antioxidant enzyme activities, carbon (C) assimilation, nitrogen (N) metabolism, and C and N transport. Results The results presented that, compared with CK (without Cd addition or FA spraying application), Cd poisoning significantly inhibited the root growth of apple seedlings. However, this Cd-induced root growth inhibition was significantly alleviated by FA spraying relative to the Cd treatment (Cd addition alone). On the one hand, the mitigation of inhibition effects was due to the reduced oxidative damage by enhancing antioxdiant enzyme (SOD, POD, and CAT) activities in leaves and roots. On the other hand, this growth advantage demonstrated compared to the Cd treatment was found to be associated with the strengthen of photosynthetic performance and the elevation of C and N metabolism enzymes activities. Meanwhile, we also found that under Cd stress condition, the distribution of C and N nutrients in apple seedlings was optimised by FA spraying application relative to the Cd treatment, according to the results of 13C and 15N tracing. Conclusion Conclusively, our results suggested that the inhibitory effect of Cd on apple seedlings root growth was alleviated by FA through regulating antioxdiant capacities and C and N metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yu
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Fruit Biotechnology Breeding, Taian, China
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaomin Xue
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Fruit Biotechnology Breeding, Taian, China
| | - Peixian Nie
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Fruit Biotechnology Breeding, Taian, China
| | - Ninglin Lu
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Fruit Biotechnology Breeding, Taian, China
| | - Laiping Wang
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Fruit Biotechnology Breeding, Taian, China
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Lu Q, Xu Z, Chen Z, Qiu G. Effects of foliar application of Zn combined with organic matters on Cd accumulation and its chemical forms in rice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:25182-25191. [PMID: 38466386 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32808-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Rice consumption is a key Cd exposure pathway, which poses a health risk to humans. Reducing cadmium (Cd) concentrations in rice remains challenging. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted to examine the effects of foliar spray of Zn combined with organic matters (including Zn-lysine (Zn-Lys), Zn-fulvic acid (Zn-FA), Zn-amino acid (Zn-AA), and Zn combined with glutathione (Zn + GSH)) on Cd accumulation in rice grains. Compared with the control group, all treatment groups exhibited reduced Cd concentration in rice grains, while improving plant growth, and reducing Cd transport from other tissues to the grains. Zn-FA was found to be the most effective fertilizer, which considerably reduced Cd concentrations in grains from 0.77 ± 0.068 to 0.14 ± 0.021 mg/kg and yielded reductions of up to 81%, which is within the Chinese food maximum tolerable limit of 0.2 mg/kg. Furthermore, the analysis of the chemical forms of Cd of rice tissues indicated that the treatment groups had increased proportions of integrated with pectates and protein in the stems. Except for the group treated with Zn-Lys spray, the percentages of undissolved Cd phosphate in the leaves were increased in all treatment groups, which reduced Cd toxicity to rice plants. The foliar application of Zn combined with organic matters may be a promising strategy to decrease Cd concentration in rice grains cultivated in severely Cd-contaminated agricultural soil, particularly in the karst area in southwest China with limited available cultivable agricultural land.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinhui Lu
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environment Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China
| | - Zhidong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Guangle Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China.
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Zhang W, Wang G, Zhang B, Sui W, Si C, Zhou L, Jia H. Green potassium fertilizer from enzymatic hydrolysis lignin: Effects of lignin fractionation on wheat seed germination and seedling growth. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:130017. [PMID: 38336333 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Sustainably sourced lignin presents great potential as a green feedstock for fertilizer production but commercial fulfillment is still challenging owing to the mediocre fertilizer activity of lignin. To address this issue, an effective strategy to enhance the activity of lignin-based potassium fertilizer (LPF) is proposed through lignin fractionation. Three lignin fractions subdivided from enzymatic hydrolysis lignin (EHL) were adopted as the feedstock for LPF preparation, and the effect of lignin fractionation on wheat seed germination and seedling growth was investigated. Compared with the potassium fertilizer from unfractionated lignin, LPF-F1 showed significantly improved effects on promoting seed germination and seedling growth, which can be attributed to the high potassium content resulted from its abundant phenolic hydroxyl and carboxyl contents. Under the optimal treatment concentration (100 mg/L), LPF-F1 showed comparable promotion effect to commercial fulvic acid potassium on wheat seedling growth, suggesting the potential of LPF-F1 as commercial potassium fertilizer. Overall, this work reveals that lignin heterogeneity presents critical effects on the wheat seed germination and seedling growth of LPF, and the fertilizer activity of LPF can be substantially improved using fractionated lignin with low molecular weight as the raw material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Guanhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Wenjie Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Chuanling Si
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Liping Zhou
- Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Hongyu Jia
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, Shandong 250132, China.
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Raza A, Salehi H, Bashir S, Tabassum J, Jamla M, Charagh S, Barmukh R, Mir RA, Bhat BA, Javed MA, Guan DX, Mir RR, Siddique KHM, Varshney RK. Transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics interventions prompt crop improvement against metal(loid) toxicity. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:80. [PMID: 38411713 PMCID: PMC10899315 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03153-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The escalating challenges posed by metal(loid) toxicity in agricultural ecosystems, exacerbated by rapid climate change and anthropogenic pressures, demand urgent attention. Soil contamination is a critical issue because it significantly impacts crop productivity. The widespread threat of metal(loid) toxicity can jeopardize global food security due to contaminated food supplies and pose environmental risks, contributing to soil and water pollution and thus impacting the whole ecosystem. In this context, plants have evolved complex mechanisms to combat metal(loid) stress. Amid the array of innovative approaches, omics, notably transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, have emerged as transformative tools, shedding light on the genes, proteins, and key metabolites involved in metal(loid) stress responses and tolerance mechanisms. These identified candidates hold promise for developing high-yielding crops with desirable agronomic traits. Computational biology tools like bioinformatics, biological databases, and analytical pipelines support these omics approaches by harnessing diverse information and facilitating the mapping of genotype-to-phenotype relationships under stress conditions. This review explores: (1) the multifaceted strategies that plants use to adapt to metal(loid) toxicity in their environment; (2) the latest findings in metal(loid)-mediated transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics studies across various plant species; (3) the integration of omics data with artificial intelligence and high-throughput phenotyping; (4) the latest bioinformatics databases, tools and pipelines for single and/or multi-omics data integration; (5) the latest insights into stress adaptations and tolerance mechanisms for future outlooks; and (6) the capacity of omics advances for creating sustainable and resilient crop plants that can thrive in metal(loid)-contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Raza
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Hajar Salehi
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Shanza Bashir
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Javaria Tabassum
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Monica Jamla
- Department of Biotechnology, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411016, India
| | - Sidra Charagh
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Hangzhou, China
| | - Rutwik Barmukh
- WA State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Rakeeb Ahmad Mir
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, India
| | - Basharat Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Bio-Resources, Amar Singh College Campus, Cluster University Srinagar, Srinagar, JK, India
| | - Muhammad Arshad Javed
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Dong-Xing Guan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Reyazul Rouf Mir
- Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (SKUAST), Srinagar, Kashmir, India
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- WA State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia.
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Xu C, Wang Y, Yang H, Tang Y, Liu B, Hu X, Hu Z. Cold acclimation alleviates photosynthetic inhibition and oxidative damage induced by cold stress in citrus seedlings. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2023; 18:2285169. [PMID: 38015652 PMCID: PMC10761016 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2023.2285169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Cold stress seriously inhibits plant growth and development, geographical distribution, and yield stability of plants. Cold acclimation (CA) is an important strategy for modulating cold stress, but the mechanism by which CA induces plant resistance to cold stress is still not clear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of CA treatment on the cold resistance of citrus seedlings under cold stress treatment, and to use seedlings without CA treatment as the control (NA). The results revealed that CA treatment increased the content of photosynthetic pigments under cold stress, whereas cold stress greatly reduced the value of gas exchange parameters. CA treatment also promoted the activity of Rubisco and FBPase, as well as led to an upregulation of the transcription levels of photosynthetic related genes (rbcL and rbcS),compared to the NA group without cold stress. In addition, cold stress profoundly reduced photochemical chemistry of photosystem II (PSII), especially the maximum quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm) in PSII. Conversely, CA treatment improved the chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters, thereby improving electron transfer efficiency. Moreover, under cold stress, CA treatment alleviated oxidative stress damage to cell membranes by inhibiting the concentration of H2O2 and MDA, enhancing the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbic acid peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR), accompanied by an increase in the expression level of antioxidant enzyme genes (CuZnSOD1, CAT1, APX and GR). Additionally, CA also increased the contents of abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA) in plants under cold stress. Overall, we concluded that CA treatment suppressed the negative effects of cold stress by enhancing photosynthetic performance, antioxidant enzymes functions and plant hormones contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xu
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Fruit and Tea, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, P. R. China
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, CAAS, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Fruit and Tea, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Huidong Yang
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Fruit and Tea, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Yuqing Tang
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Fruit and Tea, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Buchun Liu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, CAAS, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xinlong Hu
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Fruit and Tea, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Zhongdong Hu
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Fruit and Tea, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, P. R. China
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Zheng X, Zhang B, Pan N, Cheng X, Lu W. Hydrogen Sulfide Alleviates Cadmium Stress by Enhancing Photosynthetic Efficiency and Regulating Sugar Metabolism in Wheat Seedlings. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2413. [PMID: 37446974 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays prominent multifunctional roles in the mediation of various physiological processes and stress responses to plants. In this study, hydroponic experiments were carried out to explore the effects of NaHS pretreatment on the growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under 50 μM cadmium (Cd). Compared with Cd treatment alone, 50 μM NaHS pretreatment increased the plant height, soluble sugar content of shoots and roots, and dry weight of shoots and roots under Cd stress, while the Cd concentration of shoots and roots was significantly reduced by 18.1% and 25.9%, respectively. Meanwhile, NaHS pretreatment protected the photosynthetic apparatus by increasing the net photosynthetic rate and PSII electron transportation rate of wheat leaves under Cd stress. NaHS pretreatment significantly increased the soluble sugar content to maintain the osmotic pressure balance of the leaf cells. The gene expression results associated with photosynthetic carbon assimilation and sucrose synthesis in wheat leaves suggested that the NaHS pretreatment significantly up-regulated the expression of TaRBCL, TaRBCS, and TaPRK, while it down-regulated the expression of TaFBA, TaSuSy, TaSAInv, and TaA/NInv. In summary, NaHS pretreatment improved the resistance of wheat seedlings under Cd stress by increasing the rate of photosynthesis and regulating the expression of genes related to sugar metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Ni Pan
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xue Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wei Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Cui H, Cheng J, Shen L, Zheng X, Zhou J, Zhou J. Activation of endogenous cadmium from biochar under simulated acid rain enhances the accumulation risk of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 255:114820. [PMID: 36958261 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Biochar has been widely applied to remediate heavy metal-contaminated soils, but the environmental risk of the endogenous pollutants in biochar remains unclear. Two biochars with different endogenous cadmium (Cd) concentrations were prepared from background soil (BCB) and contaminated soil (BCC), respectively. We studied the effects of simulated acid rain (SAR) on the activation mechanism of endogenous Cd in biochar and Cd uptake of Cd by lettuce from the biochar-amended soils. SAR aging significantly increased Cd bioavailability by 27.5 % and 53.9 % in BCB and BCC, respectively. The activation of Cd from biochar may be due to the decrease of biochar pH and persistent free radicals (PFRs) and the increase of specific surface area (SSA) and O-contained functional groups in biochars. Two biochars at dosages of 2 % and 5 % rates did not change soil pore water Cd, but BCB and BCC at 10 % increased pore water Cd by 17.3 % and 219 %, respectively after SAR aging. SAR aging significantly increased the bioavailability of Cd in BCB and BCC treated soils than those before SAR aging. BCB application enhanced the biomass of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and decreased the uptake of Cd. However, BCC addition at 10 % decreased the biomass of lettuce and increased the accumulation of Cd. In summary, endogenous Cd in biochar from contaminated soils has a potential environmental risk to plants and human health and the negative effects of endogenous pollutants from the biochars should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbiao Cui
- Academician Workstation in Anhui Province, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China; School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jieyu Cheng
- Academician Workstation in Anhui Province, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China; School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - LuLu Shen
- Academician Workstation in Anhui Province, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China; School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Xuebo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Jing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
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Dogan M, Bolat I, Karakas S, Dikilitas M, Gutiérrez-Gamboa G, Kaya O. Remediation of Cadmium Stress in Strawberry Plants Using Humic Acid and Silicon Applications. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1962. [PMID: 36556327 PMCID: PMC9781489 DOI: 10.3390/life12121962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Strawberry plants are strongly affected by heavy-metal-contaminated soils, which affects plant growth, yield and fruit quality. The aim of this work was to study the effects of a combination and individual application of silicon (Si) and humic acid (HA) on growth and development of Rubygem strawberries exposed to cadmium (Cd) in greenhouse conditions. (2) Methods: Morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters, including minerals in roots and leaves were determined. (3) Results: Cd stress in strawberry plants decreased plant fresh and dry weight; leaf stomatal conductance; leaf relative water content and chlorophyll content; number of leaves; leaf area; leaf N, P and K levels; and root P, N, Mg, K and Ca contents. Cd increased membrane permeability, leaf temperature, proline levels and lipid peroxidation. Si and HA individual applications to strawberries mitigated the negative effect of Cd stress on biochemical, physiological, morphological and minerals parameters by decreasing membrane permeability, leaf temperature, proline levels and lipid peroxidation. (4) Conclusions: Our findings highlighted that applications of Si, HA and Si + HA were effective in conferring Cd tolerance in strawberry plants by upregulating their many morphological, physiological and biochemical properties and reducing Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meral Dogan
- Department of Horticulture, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Harran University, 63050 Sanliurfa, Türkiye
| | - Ibrahim Bolat
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Harran University, 63050 Sanlıurfa, Türkiye
| | - Sema Karakas
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Harran University, 63050 Sanlıurfa, Türkiye
| | - Murat Dikilitas
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Harran University, 63050 Sanlıurfa, Türkiye
| | - Gastón Gutiérrez-Gamboa
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Ozkan Kaya
- Erzincan Horticultural Research Institute, Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, 24060 Erzincan, Türkiye
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