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Pathirana R, West P, Hedderley D, Eason J. Cell death patterns in Arabidopsis cells subjected to four physiological stressors indicate multiple signalling pathways and cell cycle phase specificity. PROTOPLASMA 2017; 254:635-647. [PMID: 27193098 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-016-0977-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Corpse morphology, nuclear DNA fragmentation, expression of senescence-associated genes (SAG) and cysteine protease profiles were investigated to understand cell death patterns in a cell cycle-synchronised Arabidopsis thaliana cell suspension culture treated with four physiological stressors in the late G2 phase. Within 4 h of treatment, polyethylene glycol (PEG, 20 %), mannose (100 mM) and hydrogen peroxide (2 mM) caused DNA fragmentation coinciding with cell permeability to Evans Blue (EB) and produced corpse morphology corresponding to apoptosis-like programmed cell death (AL-PCD) with cytoplasmic retraction from the cell wall. Ethylene (8 mL per 250-mL flask) caused permeability of cells to EB without concomitant nuclear DNA fragmentation and cytoplasmic retraction, suggesting necrotic cell death. Mannose inducing glycolysis block and PEG causing dehydration resulted in relatively similar patterns of upregulation of SAG suggesting similar cell death signalling pathways for these two stress factors, whereas hydrogen peroxide caused unique patterns indicating an alternate pathway for cell death induced by oxidative stress. Ethylene did not cause appreciable changes in SAG expression, confirming necrotic cell death. Expression of AtDAD, BoMT1 and AtSAG2 genes, previously shown to be associated with plant senescence, also changed rapidly during AL-PCD in cultured cells. The profiles of nine distinct cysteine protease-active bands ranging in size from ca. 21.5 to 38.5 kDa found in the control cultures were also altered after treatment with the four stressors, with mannose and PEG again producing similar patterns. Results also suggest that cysteine proteases may have a role in necrotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjith Pathirana
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
| | - Phillip West
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- NZ Avocado, Level 5 Harrington House, 32 Harington Street, Tauranga, 3110, New Zealand
| | - Duncan Hedderley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Jocelyn Eason
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Delporte A, De Zaeytijd J, De Storme N, Azmi A, Geelen D, Smagghe G, Guisez Y, Van Damme EJM. Cell cycle-dependent O-GlcNAc modification of tobacco histones and their interaction with the tobacco lectin. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2014; 83:151-8. [PMID: 25146688 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The Nicotiana tabacum agglutinin or Nictaba is a nucleocytoplasmic lectin that is expressed in tobacco after the plants have been exposed to jasmonate treatment or insect herbivory. Nictaba specifically recognizes GlcNAc residues. Recently, it was shown that Nictaba is interacting in vitro with the core histone proteins from calf thymus. Assuming that plant histones - similar to their animal counterparts - undergo O-GlcNAcylation, this interaction presumably occurs through binding of the lectin to the O-GlcNAc modification present on the histones. Hereupon, the question was raised whether this modification also occurs in plants and if it is cell cycle dependent. To this end, histones were purified from tobacco BY-2 suspension cells and the presence of O-GlcNAc modifications was checked. Concomitantly, O-GlcNAcylation of histone proteins was studied. Our data show that similar to animal histones plant histones are modified by O-GlcNAc in a cell cycle-dependent fashion. In addition, the interaction between Nictaba and tobacco histones was confirmed using lectin chromatography and far Western blot analysis. Collectively these findings suggest that Nictaba can act as a modulator of gene transcription through its interaction with core histones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Delporte
- Ghent University, Dept. Molecular Biotechnology, Lab Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Jeroen De Zaeytijd
- Ghent University, Dept. Molecular Biotechnology, Lab Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Nico De Storme
- Ghent University, Dept. Plant Production, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Abdelkrim Azmi
- University of Antwerp, Dept. of Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Plant and Biotechnology (MPB), Centre for Proteome Analysis and Mass Spectrometry (CeProMa), Belgium
| | - Danny Geelen
- Ghent University, Dept. Plant Production, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Ghent University, Dept. Crop Protection, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Yves Guisez
- University of Antwerp, Dept. of Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Plant and Biotechnology (MPB), Centre for Proteome Analysis and Mass Spectrometry (CeProMa), Belgium
| | - Els J M Van Damme
- Ghent University, Dept. Molecular Biotechnology, Lab Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
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Maruri-López I, Rodríguez-Kessler M, Rodríguez-Hernández AA, Becerra-Flora A, Olivares-Grajales JE, Jiménez-Bremont JF. A maize spermine synthase 1 PEST sequence fused to the GUS reporter protein facilitates proteolytic degradation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2014; 78:80-7. [PMID: 24642522 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines are low molecular weight aliphatic compounds involved in various biochemical, cellular and physiological processes in all organisms. In plants, genes involved in polyamine biosynthesis and catabolism are regulated at transcriptional, translational, and posttranslational level. In this research, we focused on the characterization of a PEST sequence (rich in proline, glutamic acid, serine, and threonine) of the maize spermine synthase 1 (ZmSPMS1). To this aim, 123 bp encoding 40 amino acids of the C-terminal region of the ZmSPMS1 enzyme containing the PEST sequence were fused to the GUS reporter gene. This fusion was evaluated in Arabidopsis thaliana transgenic lines and onion monolayers transient expression system. The ZmSPMS1 PEST sequence leads to specific degradation of the GUS reporter protein. It is suggested that the 26S proteasome may be involved in GUS::PEST fusion degradation in both onion and Arabidopsis. The PEST sequences appear to be present in plant spermine synthases, mainly in monocots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Maruri-López
- División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A. C., 78216 San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Margarita Rodríguez-Kessler
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Salvador Nava s/n, Zona Universitaria, 78290 San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Aída Araceli Rodríguez-Hernández
- División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A. C., 78216 San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Alicia Becerra-Flora
- División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A. C., 78216 San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Juan Elías Olivares-Grajales
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Juan Francisco Jiménez-Bremont
- División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A. C., 78216 San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico.
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Stes E, Biondi S, Holsters M, Vereecke D. Bacterial and plant signal integration via D3-type cyclins enhances symptom development in the Arabidopsis-Rhodococcus fascians interaction. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 156:712-25. [PMID: 21459976 PMCID: PMC3177270 DOI: 10.1104/pp.110.171561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The phytopathogenic actinomycete Rhodococcus fascians drives its host to form a nutrient-rich niche by secreting a mixture of cytokinins that triggers plant cell division and shoot formation. The discrepancy between the relatively low amount of secreted cytokinins and the severe impact of R. fascians infection on plant development has puzzled researchers for a long time. Polyamine and transcript profiling of wild-type and cytokinin receptor mutant plants revealed that the bacterial cytokinins directly stimulated the biosynthesis of plant putrescine by activating arginine decarboxylase expression. Pharmacological experiments showed that the increased levels of putrescine contributed to the severity of the symptoms. Thus, putrescine functions as a secondary signal that impinges on the cytokinin-activated pathway, amplifying the hormone-induced changes that lead to the formation of a leafy gall. Exogenous putrescine and treatment with polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors combined with transcript and polyamine analyses of wild-type and mutant plants indicated that the direct target of both the bacterial cytokinins and plant putrescine was the expression of D3-type cyclins. Hence, the activated d-type cyclin/retinoblastoma/E2F transcription factor pathway integrates both external and internal hormonal signals, stimulating mitotic cell divisions and inducing pathological plant organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Danny Vereecke
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Genetics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (E.S., M.H.); Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (E.S., M.H.); Dipartimento di Biologia Evoluzionistica Sperimentale, Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy (S.B.); Department of Plant Production, University College Ghent, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium (D.V.)
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Abstract
Cell-cycle progression is a one-way journey where the cell grows in size to be able to divide into two equally sized daughter cells. The cell cycle is divided into distinct consecutive phases defined as G(1) (first gap), S (synthesis), G(2) (second gap) and M (mitosis). A non-proliferating cell, which has retained the ability to enter the cell cycle when it receives appropriate signals, is in G(0) phase, and cycling cells that do not receive proper signals leave the cell cycle from G(1) into G(0). One of the major events of the cell cycle is the duplication of DNA during S-phase. A group of molecules that are important for proper cell-cycle progression is the polyamines. Polyamine biosynthesis occurs cyclically during the cell cycle with peaks in activity in conjunction with the G(1)/S transition and at the end of S-phase and during G(2)-phase. The negative regulator of polyamine biosynthesis, antizyme, shows an inverse activity compared with the polyamine biosynthetic activity. The levels of the polyamines, putrescine, spermidine and spermine, double during the cell cycle and show a certain degree of cyclic variation in accordance with the biosynthetic activity. When cells in G(0)/G(1) -phase are seeded in the presence of compounds that prevent the cell-cycle-related increases in the polyamine pools, the S-phase of the first cell cycle is prolonged, whereas the other phases are initially unaffected. The results point to an important role for polyamines with regard to the ability of the cell to attain optimal rates of DNA replication.
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