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Wang Y, Wakelam MJO, Bankaitis VA, McDermott MI. The wide world of non-mammalian phospholipase D enzymes. Adv Biol Regul 2024; 91:101000. [PMID: 38081756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2023.101000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD) hydrolyses phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) to produce free choline and the critically important lipid signaling molecule phosphatidic acid (PtdOH). Since the initial discovery of PLD activities in plants and bacteria, PLDs have been identified in a diverse range of organisms spanning the taxa. While widespread interest in these proteins grew following the discovery of mammalian isoforms, research into the PLDs of non-mammalian organisms has revealed a fascinating array of functions ranging from roles in microbial pathogenesis, to the stress responses of plants and the developmental patterning of flies. Furthermore, studies in non-mammalian model systems have aided our understanding of the entire PLD superfamily, with translational relevance to human biology and health. Increasingly, the promise for utilization of non-mammalian PLDs in biotechnology is also being recognized, with widespread potential applications ranging from roles in lipid synthesis, to their exploitation for agricultural and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Department of Cell Biology & Genetics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98109, USA
| | - M J O Wakelam
- Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - V A Bankaitis
- Department of Cell Biology & Genetics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - M I McDermott
- Department of Cell Biology & Genetics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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2
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Seth T, Asija S, Umar S, Gupta R. The intricate role of lipids in orchestrating plant defense responses. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 338:111904. [PMID: 37925973 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Plants are exposed to a variety of pests and pathogens that reduce crop productivity. Plants respond to such attacks by activating a sophisticated signaling cascade that initiates with the recognition of pests/pathogens and may culminate into a resistance response. Lipids, being the structural components of cellular membranes, function as mediators of these signaling cascades and thus are instrumental in the regulation of plant defense responses. Accumulating evidence indicates that various lipids such as oxylipins, phospholipids, glycolipids, glycerolipids, sterols, and sphingolipids, among others, are involved in mediating cell signaling during plant-pathogen interaction with each lipid exhibiting a specific biological relevance, follows a distinct biosynthetic mechanism, and contributes to specific signaling cascade(s). Omics studies have further confirmed the involvement of lipid biosynthetic enzymes including the family of phospholipases in the production of defense signaling molecules subsequent to pathogen attack. Lipids participate in stress signaling by (1) mediating the signal transduction, (2) acting as precursors for bioactive molecules, (3) regulating ROS formation, and (4) interacting with various phytohormones to orchestrate the defense response in plants. In this review, we present the biosynthetic pathways of different lipids, their specific functions, and their intricate roles upstream and downstream of phytohormones under pathogen attack to get a deeper insight into the molecular mechanism of lipids-mediated regulation of defense responses in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanashvi Seth
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Sejal Asija
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Shahid Umar
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Ravi Gupta
- College of General Education, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, South Korea.
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3
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Su J, Sun C, Du J, Xing X, Wang F, Dong H. RNA-Cleaving DNAzyme-Based Amplification Strategies for Biosensing and Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300367. [PMID: 37084038 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Since their first discovery in 1994, DNAzymes have been extensively applied in biosensing and therapy that act as recognition elements and signal generators with the outstanding properties of good stability, simple synthesis, and high sensitivity. One subset, RNA-cleaving DNAzymes, is widely employed for diverse applications, including as reporters capable of transmitting detectable signals. In this review, the recent advances of RNA-cleaving DNAzyme-based amplification strategies in scaled-up biosensing are focused, the application in diagnosis and disease treatment are also discussed. Two major types of RNA-cleaving DNAzyme-based amplification strategies are highlighted, namely direct response amplification strategies and combinational response amplification strategies. The direct response amplification strategies refer to those based on novel designed single-stranded DNAzyme, and the combinational response amplification strategies mainly include two-part assembled DNAzyme, cascade reactions, CHA/HCR/RCA, DNA walker, CRISPR-Cas12a and aptamer. Finally, the current status of DNAzymes, the challenges, and the prospects of DNAzyme-based biosensors are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Su
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry & Biological Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chenyang Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry & Biological Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jinya Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry & Biological Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaotong Xing
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Nano-Biosensing Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Nano-Biosensing Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
- Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Haifeng Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry & Biological Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100083, China
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Nano-Biosensing Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
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4
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Kalachova T, Škrabálková E, Pateyron S, Soubigou-Taconnat L, Djafi N, Collin S, Sekereš J, Burketová L, Potocký M, Pejchar P, Ruelland E. DIACYLGLYCEROL KINASE 5 participates in flagellin-induced signaling in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:1978-1996. [PMID: 35900211 PMCID: PMC9614507 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Flagellin perception is a keystone of pattern-triggered immunity in plants. The recognition of this protein by a plasma membrane (PM) receptor complex is the beginning of a signaling cascade that includes protein phosphorylation and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In both Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings and suspension cells, we found that treatment with flg22, a peptide corresponding to the most conserved domain of bacterial flagellin, caused a rapid and transient decrease in the level of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 4,5-bisphosphate along with a parallel increase in phosphatidic acid (PA). In suspension cells, inhibitors of either phosphoinositide-dependent phospholipases C (PLC) or diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs) inhibited flg22-triggered PA production and the oxidative burst. In response to flg22, receptor-like kinase-deficient fls2, bak1, and bik1 mutants (FLAGELLIN SENSITIVE 2, BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1-associated kinase 1, and BOTRYTIS-INDUCED KINASE 1, respectively) produced less PA than wild-type (WT) plants, whereas this response did not differ in NADPH oxidase-deficient rbohD (RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG D) plants. Among the DGK-deficient lines tested, the dgk5.1 mutant produced less PA and less ROS after flg22 treatment compared with WT seedlings. In response to flg22, dgk5.1 plants showed lower callose accumulation and impaired resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 hrcC-. Transcriptomics revealed that the basal expression of defense-related genes was altered in dgk5.1 seedlings compared with the WT. A GFP-DGK5 fusion protein localized to the PM, where RBOHD and PLC2 (proteins involved in plant immunity) are also located. The role of DGK5 and its enzymatic activity in flagellin signaling and fine-tuning of early immune responses in plant-microbe interactions is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetiana Kalachova
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Škrabálková
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Charles University, Viničná 5, Prague 12844, Czech Republic
| | - Stéphanie Pateyron
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, 91405 Orsay, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Bâtiment 630, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Ludivine Soubigou-Taconnat
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, 91405 Orsay, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Bâtiment 630, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Nabila Djafi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Plantes, Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Collin
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Plantes, Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Juraj Sekereš
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Burketová
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Potocký
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic
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Zhu Y, Hu X, Wang P, Wang H, Ge X, Li F, Hou Y. The phospholipase D gene GhPLDδ confers resistance to Verticillium dahliae and improves tolerance to salt stress. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 321:111322. [PMID: 35696922 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant phospholipase D (PLD) and its product phosphatidic acid (PA) function in both abiotic and biotic stress signaling. However, to date, a PLD gene conferring the desired resistance to both biotic and abiotic stresses has not been found in cotton. Here, we isolated and identified a PLD gene GhPLDδ from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), which functions in Verticillium wilt resistance and salt tolerance. GhPLDδ was highly induced by salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), abscisic acid (ABA), hydrogen peroxide, PEG 6000, NaCl, and Verticillium dahliae in cotton plants. The positive role of GhPLDδ in regulating plant resistance to V. dahliae was confirmed by loss- and gain-of-function analyses. Upon chitin treatment, accumulation of PA, hydrogen peroxide, JA, SA, and the expression of genes involved in MAPK cascades, JA- and SA-related defense responses were positively related to the level of GhPLDδ in plants. The treatment by exogenous PA could activate the expression of genes related to MAPK, SA, and JA signaling pathways. Moreover, GhPLDδ overexpression enhanced salt tolerance in Arabidopsis as demonstrated by the increased germination rate, longer seedling root, higher chlorophyll content, larger fresh weight, lower malondialdehyde content, and fully expand rosette leaves. Additionally, the PA content and the expression of the genes of the MAPK cascades regulated by PA were increased in GhPLDδ-overexpressed Arabidopsis under salt stress. Taken together, these findings suggest that GhPLDδ and PA are involved in regulating plant defense against both V. dahliae infection and salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Zhu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoqian Hu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoyang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Fuguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
| | - Yuxia Hou
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Mannucci A, Scartazza A, Santaniello A, Castagna A, Santin M, Quartacci MF, Ranieri A. Short daily ultraviolet exposure enhances intrinsic water-use efficiency and delays senescence in Micro-Tom tomato plants. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2022; 49:810-821. [PMID: 35598892 DOI: 10.1071/fp22013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation, unless present at high doses, is recognised as a regulator of plant growth and some specific processes. The present study investigated the influence of short daily UV irradiation (15min/day, 11days) on leaf gas exchange and some biochemical and molecular markers of leaf senescence (such as stomata movements, chlorophyll breakdown, anthocyanin production, senescence-associated genes) in Micro-Tom tomato plants. The UV-induced reduction of g s (stomatal conductance) during the treatment was associated with the modified expression of some genes involved in the control of stomatal movements. We hypothesise a two-step regulation of stomatal closure involving salicylic and abscisic acid hormones. The temporal changes of g s and A net (net photosynthetic CO2 assimilation rate) along with the pigment behaviour, suggest a possible delay of leaf senescence in treated plants, confirmed by the expression levels of genes related to senescence such as SAG113 and DFR . The UV potential to induce a persistent partial inhibition of g s without severely affecting A net led to an increased iWUE (intrinsic water-use efficiency) during the 11-day treatment, suggesting a priming effect of short daily UV radiation towards drought conditions potentially useful in reducing the excess water use in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Mannucci
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, PI, Italy
| | - Andrea Scartazza
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council, Pisa, PI, Italy
| | | | - Antonella Castagna
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, PI, Italy
| | - Marco Santin
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, PI, Italy
| | - Mike Frank Quartacci
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, PI, Italy
| | - Annamaria Ranieri
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, PI, Italy
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7
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Uji T, Kandori T, Konishi S, Mizuta H. Phospholipase D activation is required for 1-aminocyclopropane 1-carboxylic acid signaling during sexual reproduction in the marine red alga Neopyropia yezoensis (Rhodophyta). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:181. [PMID: 35395727 PMCID: PMC8991923 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03575-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 1-aminocyclopropane 1-carboxylic acid (ACC) is the immediate precursor of the plant hormone ethylene. However, recent studies have suggested that ACC also acts as a signaling molecule to regulate development and growth independently from ethylene biosynthesis. In red algae, ACC stimulates the switch from a vegetative to a sexual reproductive phase. However, despite evidence that ACC signaling in plants and algae is widespread, the mechanistic basis of the ACC signaling pathway remains unknown. RESULTS We demonstrate that exogenous ACC increased the activity of phospholipase D (PLD) and induced the accumulation of PLD transcripts in the marine red alga Neopyropia yezoensis. The product of PLD, the lipid second messenger phosphatidic acid (PA), also increased in response to ACC. Furthermore, the pharmacological inhibition of PLD by 1-butanol blocked ACC-induced spermatangia and carpospore production, but the inactive isomer t-butanol did not. In addition, 1-butanol prevented ACC-induced growth inhibition and inhibited transcript accumulation of genes upregulated by ACC, including extracellular matrix (ECM)-related genes, and alleviated the transcriptional decrease of genes downregulated by ACC, including photosynthesis-related genes. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that PLD is a positive regulator of sexual cell differentiation and a negative regulator of growth. This study demonstrates that PLD and its product, PA, are components of ACC signaling during sexual reproduction in N. yezoensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Uji
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Genetics and Genomics, Division of Marine Life Science, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, 041-8611, Japan.
| | - Takuya Kandori
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Genetics and Genomics, Division of Marine Life Science, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, 041-8611, Japan
| | - Shiho Konishi
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Genetics and Genomics, Division of Marine Life Science, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, 041-8611, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mizuta
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Genetics and Genomics, Division of Marine Life Science, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, 041-8611, Japan
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8
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Phosphatidic Acid in Plant Hormonal Signaling: From Target Proteins to Membrane Conformations. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063227. [PMID: 35328648 PMCID: PMC8954910 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells sense a variety of extracellular signals balancing their metabolism and physiology according to changing growth conditions. Plasma membranes are the outermost informational barriers that render cells sensitive to regulatory inputs. Membranes are composed of different types of lipids that play not only structural but also informational roles. Hormones and other regulators are sensed by specific receptors leading to the activation of lipid metabolizing enzymes. These enzymes generate lipid second messengers. Among them, phosphatidic acid (PA) is a well-known intracellular messenger that regulates various cellular processes. This lipid affects the functional properties of cell membranes and binds to specific target proteins leading to either genomic (affecting transcriptome) or non-genomic responses. The subsequent biochemical, cellular and physiological reactions regulate plant growth, development and stress tolerance. In the present review, we focus on primary (genome-independent) signaling events triggered by rapid PA accumulation in plant cells and describe the functional role of PA in mediating response to hormones and hormone-like regulators. The contributions of individual lipid signaling enzymes to the formation of PA by specific stimuli are also discussed. We provide an overview of the current state of knowledge and future perspectives needed to decipher the mode of action of PA in the regulation of cell functions.
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Lee BR, La VH, Park SH, Mamun MA, Bae DW, Kim TH. H2O2-Responsive Hormonal Status Involves Oxidative Burst Signaling and Proline Metabolism in Rapeseed Leaves. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030566. [PMID: 35326216 PMCID: PMC8944793 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought alters the level of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hormonal status, which are both involved in the regulation of stress responses. To investigate the interplay between ROS and hormones in proline metabolism, rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) plants were exposed to drought or exogenous H2O2 (Exo-H2O2) treatment for 10 days. During the first 5 days, the enhanced H2O2 concentrations in drought treatment were associated with the activation of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and NADPH oxidase, with enhanced ABA and SA levels, while that in Exo-H2O2 treatment was mainly associated with SA-responsive POX. During the latter 5 days, ABA-dependent ROS accumulation was predominant with an upregulated oxidative signal-inducible gene (OXI1) and MAPK6, leading to the activation of ABA synthesis and the signaling genes (NCED3 and MYC2). During the first 5 days, the enhanced levels of P5C and proline were concomitant with SA-dependent NDR1-mediated signaling in both drought and Exo-H2O2 treatments. In the latter 5 days of drought treatment, a distinct enhancement in P5CR and ProDH expression led to higher proline accumulation compared to Exo-H2O2 treatment. These results indicate that SA-mediated P5C synthesis is highly activated under lower endogenous H2O2 levels, and ABA-mediated OXI1-dependent proline accumulation mainly occurs with an increasing ROS level, leading to ProDH activation as a hypersensitive response to ROS and proline overproduction under severe stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bok-Rye Lee
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (B.-R.L.); (V.H.L.); (S.-H.P.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Van Hien La
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (B.-R.L.); (V.H.L.); (S.-H.P.); (M.A.M.)
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, Thai Nguyen 24000, Vietnam
| | - Sang-Hyun Park
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (B.-R.L.); (V.H.L.); (S.-H.P.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Md Al Mamun
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (B.-R.L.); (V.H.L.); (S.-H.P.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Dong-Won Bae
- Central Instruments Facility, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (B.-R.L.); (V.H.L.); (S.-H.P.); (M.A.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-62-530-2126
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10
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Pacheco R, Quinto C. Phospholipase Ds in plants: Their role in pathogenic and symbiotic interactions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 173:76-86. [PMID: 35101797 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase Ds (PLDs) are a heterogeneous group of enzymes that are widely distributed in organisms. These enzymes hydrolyze the structural phospholipids of the plasma membrane, releasing phosphatidic acid (PA), an important secondary messenger. Plant PLDs play essential roles in several biological processes, including growth and development, abiotic stress responses, and plant-microbe interactions. Although the roles of PLDs in plant-pathogen interactions have been extensively studied, their roles in symbiotic relationships are not well understood. The establishment of the best-studied symbiotic interactions, those between legumes and rhizobia and between most plants and mycorrhizae, requires the regulation of several physiological, cellular, and molecular processes. The roles of PLDs in hormonal signaling, lipid metabolism, and cytoskeletal dynamics during rhizobial symbiosis were recently explored. However, to date, the roles of PLDs in mycorrhizal symbiosis have not been reported. Here, we present a critical review of the participation of PLDs in the interactions of plants with pathogens, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. We describe how PLDs regulate rhizobial and mycorrhizal symbiosis by modulating reactive oxygen species levels, hormonal signaling, cytoskeletal rearrangements, and G-protein activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronal Pacheco
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62210, Mexico
| | - Carmen Quinto
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62210, Mexico.
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11
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Liu H, Xue S. Interplay between hydrogen sulfide and other signaling molecules in the regulation of guard cell signaling and abiotic/biotic stress response. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 2:100179. [PMID: 34027393 PMCID: PMC8132131 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal aperture controls the balance between transpirational water loss and photosynthetic carbon dioxide (CO2) uptake. Stomata are surrounded by pairs of guard cells that sense and transduce environmental or stress signals to induce diverse endogenous responses for adaptation to environmental changes. In a recent decade, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been recognized as a signaling molecule that regulates stomatal movement. In this review, we summarize recent progress in research on the regulatory role of H2S in stomatal movement, including the dynamic regulation of phytohormones, ion homeostasis, and cell structural components. We focus especially on the cross talk among H2S, nitric oxide (NO), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in guard cells, as well as on H2S-mediated post-translational protein modification (cysteine thiol persulfidation). Finally, we summarize the mechanisms by which H2S interacts with other signaling molecules in plants under abiotic or biotic stress. Based on evidence and clues from existing research, we propose some issues that need to be addressed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shaowu Xue
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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12
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Zhang X, Gao Y, Zhuang L, Hu Q, Huang B. Phosphatidic acid and hydrogen peroxide coordinately enhance heat tolerance in tall fescue. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2021; 23 Suppl 1:142-151. [PMID: 33188719 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidic acid (PA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) play roles in regulating plant responses to abiotic stress. The objective of this study was to determine effects of H2 O2 or PA, individually and interactively, with a H2 O2 scavenging molecule, N,N'-dimethylthoiurea (DMTU), on plant tolerance to heat stress in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea). Plants were treated with PA (25 µm), H2 O2 (5 mm) and PA (25 µm) + DMTU (5 mm) by foliar application and then exposed to heat stress (38/33 °C) or optimal temperature (23/18 °C, day/night) for 28 days. Foliar application of PA and H2 O2 alone resulted in increases in leaf fresh weight, chlorophyll content, photochemical efficiency and cellular membrane stability in plants exposed to heat stress, whereas addition of DMTU suppressed the positive effects of PA. Expression levels of genes encoding the PA synthesizing enzyme, FaPLDδ, were significantly up-regulated by H2 O2 . Phosphatidic acid- or H2 O2 -enhanced heat tolerance was associated with the activation of stress signalling components (FaCDPK3, FaMPK6, FaMPK3), transcription factors (FaMBF1 and FaHsfA2c) and heat shock proteins (FaHSP18, FaHSP70 and FaHSP90). Phosphatidic acid and H2 O2 may work in coordination to further improve heat tolerance, involving up-regulation of transcription factors in stress signalling cascades and heat protection systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhang
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Y Gao
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - L Zhuang
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Q Hu
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - B Huang
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Kokorev AI, Kolupaev YE, Yastreb TO, Horielova EI, Dmitriev AP. Realization of Polyamines’ Effect on the State of Pea Stomata with the Involvement of Calcium and Components of Lipid Signaling. CYTOL GENET+ 2021. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452721020079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Agurla S, Sunitha V, Raghavendra AS. Methyl salicylate is the most effective natural salicylic acid ester to close stomata while raising reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide in Arabidopsis guard cells. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 157:276-283. [PMID: 33152646 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Modulation by salicylic acid (SA) and its six esters of stomatal closure was evaluated in Arabidopsis thaliana. The seven compounds tested are salicylic acid (SA), acetylsalicylate (ASA), methyl salicylate (MeSA), propyl salicylate (PrSA), amyl salicylate, benzyl salicylate, and salicin. Among these, MeSA was the most effective to induce stomatal closure, followed by salicin and SA, while ASA was the least effective. Since SA, ASA, and MeSA could modulate plant function, the effects of these three compounds on the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or nitric oxide (NO) in guard cells were studied. MeSA and SA raised the content of ROS or NO in as with ABA. The extent of ROS/NO production in response to ASA was the lowest. Reversal by cPTIO or catalase of stomatal closure by MeSA indicated the essentiality of NO and ROS for stomatal closure. Further studies revealed peroxidase as the ROS source during stomatal closure by MeSA, unlike the dominant role of NADPH oxidase in ROS production induced by ABA. The rise in NO production by ABA or MeSA was dependent on nitrate reductase and NO synthase-like enzyme. Given its most effective nature, MeSA can be an excellent tool to examine the signaling components in guard cells and other plant tissues. The ability of MeSA to induce stomatal closure is physiologically relevant because of its volatile nature, stability, and systemic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Agurla
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Vaidya Sunitha
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Agepati S Raghavendra
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India.
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15
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Leontovyčová H, Kalachova T, Janda M. Disrupted actin: a novel player in pathogen attack sensing? THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 227:1605-1609. [PMID: 32259281 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is widely involved in plant immune responses. The majority of studies show that chemical disruption of the actin cytoskeleton increases plant susceptibility to pathogen infection. Similarly, several pathogens have adopted this as a virulence strategy and produce effectors that affect cytoskeleton integrity. Such effectors either exhibit actin-depolymerizing activity themselves or prevent actin polymerization. Is it thus possible for plants to recognize the actin's status and launch a counterattack? Recently we showed that chemical depolymerization of actin filaments can trigger resistance to further infection via the specific activation of salicylic acid (SA) signalling. This is accompanied by several defence-related, but SA-independent, effects (e.g. callose deposition, gene expression), relying on vesicular trafficking and phospholipid metabolism. These data suggest that the role of actin in plant-pathogen interactions is more complex than previously believed. It raises the question of whether plants have evolved a mechanism of sensing pathological actin disruption that eventually triggers defence responses. If so, what is the molecular basis of it? Otherwise, why does actin depolymerization specifically influence SA content but not any other phytohormone? Here we propose an updated model of actin's role in plant-microbe interactions and suggest some future directions of research to be conducted in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Leontovyčová
- Laboratory of Pathological Plant Physiology, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojova 263, 165 02, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030/8, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Tetiana Kalachova
- Laboratory of Pathological Plant Physiology, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojova 263, 165 02, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Janda
- Laboratory of Pathological Plant Physiology, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojova 263, 165 02, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Biology, Biocenter, Department Genetics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich (LMU), Grosshaderner Str. 2-4, D-82152, Martinsried, Germany
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16
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Phospholipid Signaling Is a Component of the Salicylic Acid Response in Plant Cell Suspension Cultures. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155285. [PMID: 32722468 PMCID: PMC7432775 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is an important signaling molecule involved in plant defense. While many proteins play essential roles in SA signaling, increasing evidence shows that responses to SA appear to involve and require lipid signals. The phospholipid-generated signal transduction involves a family of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis or phosphorylation of phospholipids in membranes to generate signaling molecules, which are important in the plant cellular response. In this review, we focus first, the role of SA as a mitigator in biotic/abiotic stress. Later, we describe the experimental evidence supporting the phospholipid–SA connection in plant cells, emphasizing the roles of the secondary lipid messengers (phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and phosphatidic acid (PA)) and related enzymes (phospholipase D (PLD) and phospholipase C (PLC)). By placing these recent finding in context of phospholipids and SA in plant cells, we highlight the role of phospholipids as modulators in the early steps of SA triggered transduction in plant cells.
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17
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Wang HQ, Sun LP, Wang LX, Fang XW, Li ZQ, Zhang FF, Hu X, Qi C, He JM. Ethylene mediates salicylic-acid-induced stomatal closure by controlling reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide production in Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 294:110464. [PMID: 32234220 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Both salicylic acid (SA) and ethylene induce stomatal closure and positively regulate stomatal immunity, but their interactions in guard cell signaling are unclear. Here, we observed that SA induced the expression of ethylene biosynthetic genes; the production of ethylene, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO); and stomatal closure in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, SA-induced stomatal closure was inhibited by an ethylene biosynthetic inhibitor and mutations in ethylene biosynthetic genes, ethylene-signaling genes [RESPONSE TO ANTAGONIST 1 (RAN1), ETHYLENE RESPONSE 1 (ETR1), ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 2 (EIN2), EIN3 and ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR 2 (ARR2)], NADPH oxidase genes [ATRBOHD and ATRBOHF], and nitrate reductase genes (NIA1 and NIA2). Furthermore, SA-triggered ROS production in guard cells was impaired in ran1, etr1, AtrbohD and AtrbohF, but not in ein2, ein3 or arr2. SA-triggered NO production was impaired in all ethylene-signaling mutants tested and in nia1 and nia2. The stomata of mutants for CONSTITUTIVE TRIPLE RESPONSE1 (CTR1) showed constitutive ROS and NO production and closure. These results indicate that ethylene mediates SA-induced stomatal closure by activating ATRBOHD/F-mediated ROS synthesis in an RAN1-, ETR1- and CTR1-dependent manner. This in turn induces NIA1/2-mediated NO production and subsequent stomatal closure via the ETR1, EIN2, EIN3 and ARR2-dependent pathway(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Qin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Li-Ping Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Li-Xiao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Zhong-Qi Li
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Fang-Fang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Xin Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Cheng Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Jun-Min He
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China.
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18
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Lee HJ, Park OK. Lipases associated with plant defense against pathogens. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 279:51-58. [PMID: 30709493 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
When facing microbe invaders, plants activate genetic and metabolic defense mechanisms and undergo extracellular and intracellular changes to obtain a certain level of host resistance. Dynamic adjustment and adaptation occur in structures containing lipophilic compounds and cellular metabolites. Lipids encompassing fatty acids, fatty acid-based polymers, and fatty acid derivatives are part of the fundamental architecture of cells and tissues and are essential compounds in numerous biological processes. Lipid-associated plant defense responses are mostly facilitated by the activation of lipases (lipid hydrolyzing proteins), which cleave or transform lipid substrates in various subcellular compartments. In this review, several types of plant defense-associated lipases are described, including their molecular aspects, enzymatic actions, cellular functions, and possible functional relevance in plant defense. Defensive roles are discussed considering enzyme properties, lipid metabolism, downstream regulation, and phenotypic traits in loss-of-function mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jung Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ohkmae K Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Zhang Q, Berkey R, Blakeslee JJ, Lin J, Ma X, King H, Liddle A, Guo L, Munnik T, Wang X, Xiao S. Arabidopsis phospholipase Dα1 and Dδ oppositely modulate EDS1- and SA-independent basal resistance against adapted powdery mildew. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:3675-3688. [PMID: 29912376 PMCID: PMC6022666 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plants use a tightly regulated immune system to fight off various pathogens. Phospholipase D (PLD) and its product, phosphatidic acid, have been shown to influence plant immunity; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis mutants pldα1 and pldδ, respectively, exhibited enhanced resistance and enhanced susceptibility to both well-adapted and poorly adapted powdery mildew pathogens, and a virulent oomycete pathogen, indicating that PLDα1 negatively while PLDδ positively modulates post-penetration resistance. The pldα1δ double mutant showed a similar infection phenotype to pldα1, genetically placing PLDα1 downstream of PLDδ. Detailed genetic analyses of pldδ with mutations in genes for salicylic acid (SA) synthesis (SID2) and/or signaling (EDS1 and PAD4), measurement of SA and jasmonic acid (JA) levels, and expression of their respective reporter genes indicate that PLDδ contributes to basal resistance independent of EDS1/PAD4, SA, and JAsignaling. Interestingly, while PLDα1-enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) was mainly found in the tonoplast before and after haustorium invasion, PLDδ-eGFP's focal accumulation to the plasma membrane around the fungal penetration site appeared to be suppressed by adapted powdery mildew. Together, our results demonstrate that PLDα1 and PLDδ oppositely modulate basal, post-penetration resistance against powdery mildew through a non-canonical mechanism that is independent of EDS1/PAD4, SA, and JA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Zhang
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Robert Berkey
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Joshua J Blakeslee
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - Jinshan Lin
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - Xianfeng Ma
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Harlan King
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Anna Liddle
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Liang Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Teun Munnik
- Section of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shunyuan Xiao
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD, USA
- Department of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD, USA
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20
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Pokotylo I, Kravets V, Martinec J, Ruelland E. The phosphatidic acid paradox: Too many actions for one molecule class? Lessons from plants. Prog Lipid Res 2018; 71:43-53. [PMID: 29842906 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidic acid (PA) is a simple phospholipid observed in most organisms. PA acts as a key metabolic intermediate and a second messenger that regulates many cell activities. In plants, PA is involved in numerous cell responses induced by hormones, stress inputs and developmental processes. Interestingly, PA production can be triggered by opposite stressors, such as cold and heat, or by hormones that are considered to be antagonistic, such as abscisic acid and salicylic acid. This property questions the specificity of the responses controlled by PA. Are there generic responses to PA, meaning that cell regulation triggered by PA would be always the same, even in opposite physiological situations? Alternatively, do the responses to PA differ according to the physiological context within the cells? If so, the mechanisms that regulate the divergence of PA-controlled reactions are poorly defined. This review summarizes the latest opinions on how PA signalling is directed in plant cells and examines the intrinsic properties of PA that enable its regulatory diversity. We propose a concept whereby PA regulatory messages are perceived as complex "signatures" that take into account their production site, the availability of target proteins and the relevant cellular environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Pokotylo
- Université Paris-Est, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, Créteil, France; Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Kravets
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Jan Martinec
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eric Ruelland
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine; CNRS, UMR7618, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, Créteil, France.
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21
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A Localized Pseudomonas syringae Infection Triggers Systemic Clock Responses in Arabidopsis. Curr Biol 2018; 28:630-639.e4. [PMID: 29398214 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock drives daily rhythms of many plant physiological responses, providing a competitive advantage that improves plant fitness and survival rates [1-5]. Whereas multiple environmental cues are predicted to regulate the plant clock function, most studies focused on understanding the effects of light and temperature [5-8]. Increasing evidence indicates a significant role of plant-pathogen interactions on clock regulation [9, 10], but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In Arabidopsis, the clock function largely relies on a transcriptional feedback loop between morning (CCA1 and LHY)- and evening (TOC1)-expressed transcription factors [6-8]. Here, we focused on these core components to investigate the Arabidopsis clock regulation using a unique biotic stress approach. We found that a single-leaf Pseudomonas syringae infection systemically lengthened the period and reduced the amplitude of circadian rhythms in distal uninfected tissues. Remarkably, the low-amplitude phenotype observed upon infection was recapitulated by a transient treatment with the defense-related phytohormone salicylic acid (SA), which also triggered a significant clock phase delay. Strikingly, despite SA-modulated circadian rhythms, we revealed that the master regulator of SA signaling, NPR1 [11, 12], antagonized clock responses triggered by both SA treatment and P. syringae. In contrast, we uncovered that the NADPH oxidase RBOHD [13] largely mediated the aforementioned clock responses after either SA treatment or the bacterial infection. Altogether, we demonstrated novel and unexpected roles for SA, NPR1, and redox signaling in clock regulation by P. syringae and revealed a previously unrecognized layer of systemic clock regulation by locally perceived environmental cues.
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Wang W, Wang X, Huang M, Cai J, Zhou Q, Dai T, Cao W, Jiang D. Hydrogen Peroxide and Abscisic Acid Mediate Salicylic Acid-Induced Freezing Tolerance in Wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1137. [PMID: 30123235 PMCID: PMC6085453 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) can induce plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses through cross talk with other signaling molecules, whereas the interaction between hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and abscisic acid (ABA) in response to SA signal is far from clear. Here, we focused on the roles and interactions of H2O2 and ABA in SA-induced freezing tolerance in wheat plants. Exogenous SA pretreatment significantly induced freezing tolerance of wheat via maintaining relatively higher dark-adapted maximum photosystem II quantum yield, electron transport rates, less cell membrane damage. Exogenous SA induced the accumulation of endogenous H2O2 and ABA. Endogenous H2O2 accumulation in the apoplast was triggered by both cell wall peroxidase and membrane-linked NADPH oxidase. The pharmacological study indicated that pretreatment with dimethylthiourea (H2O2 scavenger) completely abolished SA-induced freezing tolerance and ABA synthesis, while pretreatment with fluridone (ABA biosynthesis inhibitor) reduced H2O2 accumulation by inhibiting NADPH oxidase encoding genes expression and partially counteracted SA-induced freezing tolerance. These findings demonstrate that endogenous H2O2 and ABA signaling may form a positive feedback loop to mediate SA-induced freezing tolerance in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiao Wang
- *Correspondence: Xiao Wang, ; Dong Jiang,
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dong Jiang
- *Correspondence: Xiao Wang, ; Dong Jiang,
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23
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Wang W, Wang X, Huang M, Cai J, Zhou Q, Dai T, Cao W, Jiang D. Hydrogen Peroxide and Abscisic Acid Mediate Salicylic Acid-Induced Freezing Tolerance in Wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1137. [PMID: 30123235 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01137/bibtex] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) can induce plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses through cross talk with other signaling molecules, whereas the interaction between hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and abscisic acid (ABA) in response to SA signal is far from clear. Here, we focused on the roles and interactions of H2O2 and ABA in SA-induced freezing tolerance in wheat plants. Exogenous SA pretreatment significantly induced freezing tolerance of wheat via maintaining relatively higher dark-adapted maximum photosystem II quantum yield, electron transport rates, less cell membrane damage. Exogenous SA induced the accumulation of endogenous H2O2 and ABA. Endogenous H2O2 accumulation in the apoplast was triggered by both cell wall peroxidase and membrane-linked NADPH oxidase. The pharmacological study indicated that pretreatment with dimethylthiourea (H2O2 scavenger) completely abolished SA-induced freezing tolerance and ABA synthesis, while pretreatment with fluridone (ABA biosynthesis inhibitor) reduced H2O2 accumulation by inhibiting NADPH oxidase encoding genes expression and partially counteracted SA-induced freezing tolerance. These findings demonstrate that endogenous H2O2 and ABA signaling may form a positive feedback loop to mediate SA-induced freezing tolerance in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiling Wang
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mei Huang
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Cai
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingbo Dai
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weixing Cao
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dong Jiang
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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24
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Cacas JL, Gerbeau-Pissot P, Fromentin J, Cantrel C, Thomas D, Jeannette E, Kalachova T, Mongrand S, Simon-Plas F, Ruelland E. Diacylglycerol kinases activate tobacco NADPH oxidase-dependent oxidative burst in response to cryptogein. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:585-598. [PMID: 27272019 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cryptogein is a 10 kDa protein secreted by the oomycete Phytophthora cryptogea that activates defence mechanisms in tobacco plants. Among early signalling events triggered by this microbial-associated molecular pattern is a transient apoplastic oxidative burst which is dependent on the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity of the RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG isoform D (RBOHD). Using radioactive [33 P]-orthophosphate labelling of tobacco Bright Yellow-2 suspension cells, we here provide in vivo evidence for a rapid accumulation of phosphatidic acid (PA) in response to cryptogein because of the coordinated onset of phosphoinositide-dependent phospholipase C and diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) activities. Both enzyme specific inhibitors and silencing of the phylogenetic cluster III of the tobacco DGK family were found to reduce PA production upon elicitation and to strongly decrease the RBOHD-mediated oxidative burst. Therefore, it appears that PA originating from DGK controls NADPH-oxidase activity. Amongst cluster III DGKs, the expression of DGK5-like was up-regulated in response to cryptogein. Besides DGK5-like is likely to be the main cluster III DGK isoform silenced in one of our mutant lines, making it a strong candidate for the observed response to cryptogein. The relevance of these results is discussed with regard to early signalling lipid-mediated events in plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc Cacas
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Patricia Gerbeau-Pissot
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Jérôme Fromentin
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Catherine Cantrel
- UPMC UnivParis06, UR5, Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Plantes, 4 place Jussieu, 75252, Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Dominique Thomas
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Emmanuelle Jeannette
- UPMC UnivParis06, UR5, Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Plantes, 4 place Jussieu, 75252, Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Tetiana Kalachova
- UPE, UPEC, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, 61 avenue du général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil, France
- CNRS, UMR7618, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, 61 avenue du général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - Sébastien Mongrand
- CNRS, UMR 5200 Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, INRA Bordeaux Aquitaine, BP81, F-33883, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Françoise Simon-Plas
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Eric Ruelland
- UPMC UnivParis06, UR5, Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Plantes, 4 place Jussieu, 75252, Paris cedex 05, France
- UPE, UPEC, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, 61 avenue du général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil, France
- CNRS, UMR7618, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, 61 avenue du général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil, France
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Singh R, Parihar P, Singh S, Mishra RK, Singh VP, Prasad SM. Reactive oxygen species signaling and stomatal movement: Current updates and future perspectives. Redox Biol 2017; 11:213-218. [PMID: 28012436 PMCID: PMC5192041 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), a by-product of aerobic metabolism were initially studied in context to their damaging effect but recent decades witnessed significant advancements in understanding the role of ROS as signaling molecules. Contrary to earlier views, it is becoming evident that ROS production is not necessarily a symptom of cellular dysfunction but it might represent a necessary signal in adjusting the cellular machinery according to the altered conditions. Stomatal movement is controlled by multifaceted signaling network in response to endogenous and environmental signals. Furthermore, the stomatal aperture is regulated by a coordinated action of signaling proteins, ROS-generating enzymes, and downstream executors like transporters, ion pumps, plasma membrane channels, which control the turgor pressure of the guard cell. The earliest hallmarks of stomatal closure are ROS accumulation in the apoplast and chloroplasts and thereafter, there is a successive increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+ level which rules the multiple kinases activity that in turn regulates the activity of ROS-generating enzymes and various ion channels. In addition, ROS also regulate the action of multiple proteins directly by oxidative post translational modifications to adjust guard cell signaling. Notwithstanding, an active progress has been made with ROS signaling mechanism but the regulatory action for ROS signaling processes in stomatal movement is still fragmentary. Therefore, keeping in view the above facts, in this mini review the basic concepts and role of ROS signaling in the stomatal movement have been presented comprehensively along with recent highlights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachana Singh
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India
| | - Parul Parihar
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India
| | - Samiksha Singh
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India
| | - Rohit Kumar Mishra
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India
| | - Vijay Pratap Singh
- Govt. Ramanuj Pratap Singhdev Post Graduate College, Baikunthpur, Koriya 497335, Chhattisgarh, India.
| | - Sheo Mohan Prasad
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India.
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Constitutive cyclic GMP accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana compromises systemic acquired resistance induced by an avirulent pathogen by modulating local signals. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36423. [PMID: 27811978 PMCID: PMC5095659 DOI: 10.1038/srep36423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The infection of Arabidopsis thaliana plants with avirulent pathogens causes the accumulation of cGMP with a biphasic profile downstream of nitric oxide signalling. However, plant enzymes that modulate cGMP levels have yet to be identified, so we generated transgenic A. thaliana plants expressing the rat soluble guanylate cyclase (GC) to increase genetically the level of cGMP and to study the function of cGMP in plant defence responses. Once confirmed that cGMP levels were higher in the GC transgenic lines than in wild-type controls, the GC transgenic plants were then challenged with bacterial pathogens and their defence responses were characterized. Although local resistance was similar in the GC transgenic and wild-type lines, differences in the redox state suggested potential cross-talk between cGMP and the glutathione redox system. Furthermore, large-scale transcriptomic and proteomic analysis highlighted the significant modulation of both gene expression and protein abundance at the infection site, inhibiting the establishment of systemic acquired resistance. Our data indicate that cGMP plays a key role in local responses controlling the induction of systemic acquired resistance in plants challenged with avirulent pathogens.
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Rodas-Junco BA, Muñoz-Sánchez JA, Vázquez-Flota F, Hernández-Sotomayor SMT. Salicylic-acid elicited phospholipase D responses in Capsicum chinense cell cultures. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 90:32-37. [PMID: 25766278 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The plant response to different stress types can occur through stimulus recognition and the subsequent signal transduction through second messengers that send information to the regulation of metabolism and the expression of defense genes. The phospholipidic signaling pathway forms part of the plant response to several phytoregulators, such as salicylic acid (SA), which has been widely used to stimulate secondary metabolite production in cell cultures. In this work, we studied the effects of SA treatment on [(32)-P]Pi phospholipid turnover and phospholipase D (PLD) activity using cultured Capsicum chinense cells. In cultured cells, the PIP2 turnover showed changes after SA treatment, while the most abundant phospholipids (PLs), such as phosphatidylcholine (PC), did not show changes during the temporal course. SA treatment significantly increased phosphatidic acid (PA) turnover over time compared to control cells. The PA accumulation in cells treated with 1-butanol showed a decrease in messengers; at the same time, there was a 1.5-fold increase in phosphatidylbutanol. These results suggest that the participation of the PLD pathway is a source of PA production, and the activation of this mechanism may be important in the cell responses to SA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Rodas-Junco
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY), Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - J A Muñoz-Sánchez
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY), Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - F Vázquez-Flota
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY), Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - S M T Hernández-Sotomayor
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY), Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
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Zhao J. Phospholipase D and phosphatidic acid in plant defence response: from protein-protein and lipid-protein interactions to hormone signalling. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:1721-36. [PMID: 25680793 PMCID: PMC4669553 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase Ds (PLDs) and PLD-derived phosphatidic acids (PAs) play vital roles in plant hormonal and environmental responses and various cellular dynamics. Recent studies have further expanded the functions of PLDs and PAs into plant-microbe interaction. The molecular diversities and redundant functions make PLD-PA an important signalling complex regulating lipid metabolism, cytoskeleton dynamics, vesicle trafficking, and hormonal signalling in plant defence through protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions or hormone signalling. Different PLD-PA signalling complexes and their targets have emerged as fast-growing research topics for understanding their numerous but not yet established roles in modifying pathogen perception, signal transduction, and downstream defence responses. Meanwhile, advanced lipidomics tools have allowed researchers to reveal further the mechanisms of PLD-PA signalling complexes in regulating lipid metabolism and signalling, and their impacts on jasmonic acid/oxylipins, salicylic acid, and other hormone signalling pathways that essentially mediate plant defence responses. This review attempts to summarize the progress made in spatial and temporal PLD/PA signalling as well as PLD/PA-mediated modification of plant defence. It presents an in-depth discussion on the functions and potential mechanisms of PLD-PA complexes in regulating actin filament/microtubule cytoskeleton, vesicle trafficking, and hormonal signalling, and in influencing lipid metabolism-derived metabolites as critical signalling components in plant defence responses. The discussion puts PLD-PA in a broader context in order to guide future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhao
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
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Saucedo-García M, Gavilanes-Ruíz M, Arce-Cervantes O. Long-chain bases, phosphatidic acid, MAPKs, and reactive oxygen species as nodal signal transducers in stress responses in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:55. [PMID: 25763001 PMCID: PMC4327526 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Due to their sessile condition, plants have developed sensitive, fast, and effective ways to contend with environmental changes. These mechanisms operate as informational wires conforming extensive and intricate networks that are connected in several points. The responses are designed as pathways orchestrated by molecules that are transducers of protein and non-protein nature. Their chemical nature imposes selective features such as specificity, formation rate, and generation site to the informational routes. Enzymes such as mitogen-activated protein kinases and non-protein, smaller molecules, such as long-chain bases, phosphatidic acid, and reactive oxygen species are recurrent transducers in the pleiotropic responses to biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. In this review, we considered these four components as nodal points of converging signaling pathways that start from very diverse stimuli and evoke very different responses. These pleiotropic effects may be explained by the potentiality that every one of these four mediators can be expressed from different sources, cellular location, temporality, or magnitude. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of the interplay of these four specific signaling components in Arabidopsis cells, with an emphasis on drought, cold and pathogen stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Saucedo-García
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Tulancingo, Hidalgo, México
- *Correspondence: Mariana Saucedo-García, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Rancho Universitario S/N Km 1, Tulancingo, Hidalgo C.P. 43600, México e-mail:
| | - Marina Gavilanes-Ruíz
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
| | - Oscar Arce-Cervantes
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Tulancingo, Hidalgo, México
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Zhang Q, Xiao S. Lipids in salicylic acid-mediated defense in plants: focusing on the roles of phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:387. [PMID: 26074946 PMCID: PMC4446532 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved effective defense strategies to protect themselves from various pathogens. Salicylic acid (SA) is an essential signaling molecule that mediates pathogen-triggered signals perceived by different immune receptors to induce downstream defense responses. While many proteins play essential roles in regulating SA signaling, increasing evidence also supports important roles for signaling phospholipids in this process. In this review, we collate the experimental evidence in support of the regulatory roles of two phospholipids, phosphatidic acid (PA), and phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P), and their metabolizing enzymes in plant defense, and examine the possible mechanistic interaction between phospholipid signaling and SA-dependent immunity with a particular focus on the immunity-stimulated biphasic PA production that is reminiscent of and perhaps mechanistically connected to the biphasic reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and SA accumulation during defense activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Zhang
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of MarylandRockville, MD, USA
| | - Shunyuan Xiao
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of MarylandRockville, MD, USA
- Department of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of MarylandRockville, MD, USA
- *Correspondence: Shunyuan Xiao, Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, 9600 Gudelsky Dr., Rockville, MD 20850, USA
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Janda M, Šašek V, Chmelařová H, Andrejch J, Nováková M, Hajšlová J, Burketová L, Valentová O. Phospholipase D affects translocation of NPR1 to the nucleus in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:59. [PMID: 25741350 PMCID: PMC4332306 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormone salicylic acid (SA) is a crucial component of plant-induced defense against biotrophic pathogens. Although the key players of the SA pathway are known, there are still gaps in the understanding of the molecular mechanism and the regulation of particular steps. In our previous research, we showed in Arabidopsis suspension cells that n-butanol, which specifically modulates phospholipase D activity, significantly suppresses the transcription of the pathogenesis related (PR-1) gene, which is generally accepted as the SA pathway marker. In the presented study, we have investigated the site of n-butanol action in the SA pathway. We were able to show in Arabidopsis plants treated with SA that n-butanol inhibits the transcription of defense genes (PR-1, WRKY38). Fluorescence microscopy of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants expressing 35S::NPR1-GFP (nonexpressor pathogenesis related 1) revealed significantly decreased nuclear localization of NPR1 in the presence of n-butanol. On the other hand, n-butanol did not decrease the nuclear localization of NPR1 in 35S::npr1C82A-GFP and 35S::npr1C216A-GFP mutants constitutively expressing NPR1 monomers. Mass spectrometric analysis of plant extracts showed that n-butanol significantly changes the metabolic fingerprinting while t-butanol had no effect. We found groups of the plant metabolites, influenced differently by SA and n-butanol treatment. Thus, we proposed several metabolites as markers for n-butanol action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Janda
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology PraguePrague, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Pathological Plant Physiology, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CRPrague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Šašek
- Laboratory of Pathological Plant Physiology, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CRPrague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Chmelařová
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology PraguePrague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Andrejch
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology PraguePrague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Nováková
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology PraguePrague, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Pathological Plant Physiology, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CRPrague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Hajšlová
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology PraguePrague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Burketová
- Laboratory of Pathological Plant Physiology, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CRPrague, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Valentová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology PraguePrague, Czech Republic
- *Correspondence: Olga Valentová, CSc., Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6 – Dejvice, 16628, Czech Republic e-mail:
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE We provide a conceptual framework for the interactions between the cellular redox signaling hub and the phytohormone signaling network that controls plant growth and development to maximize plant productivity under stress-free situations, while limiting growth and altering development on exposure to stress. RECENT ADVANCES Enhanced cellular oxidation plays a key role in the regulation of plant growth and stress responses. Oxidative signals or cycles of oxidation and reduction are crucial for the alleviation of dormancy and quiescence, activating the cell cycle and triggering genetic and epigenetic control that underpin growth and differentiation responses to changing environmental conditions. CRITICAL ISSUES The redox signaling hub interfaces directly with the phytohormone network in the synergistic control of growth and its modulation in response to environmental stress, but a few components have been identified. Accumulating evidence points to a complex interplay of phytohormone and redox controls that operate at multiple levels. For simplicity, we focus here on redox-dependent processes that control root growth and development and bud burst. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The multiple roles of reactive oxygen species in the control of plant growth and development have been identified, but increasing emphasis should now be placed on the functions of redox-regulated proteins, along with the central roles of reductants such as NAD(P)H, thioredoxins, glutathione, glutaredoxins, peroxiredoxins, ascorbate, and reduced ferredoxin in the regulation of the genetic and epigenetic factors that modulate the growth and vigor of crop plants, particularly within an agricultural context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Considine
- 1 School of Plant Biology and Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia , Crawley, Australia
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Okazaki Y, Saito K. Roles of lipids as signaling molecules and mitigators during stress response in plants. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 79:584-96. [PMID: 24844563 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are the major constituents of biological membranes that can sense extracellular conditions. Lipid-mediated signaling occurs in response to various environmental stresses, such as temperature change, salinity, drought and pathogen attack. Lysophospholipid, fatty acid, phosphatidic acid, diacylglycerol, inositol phosphate, oxylipins, sphingolipid, and N-acylethanolamine have all been proposed to function as signaling lipids. Studies on these stress-inducible lipid species have demonstrated that each lipid class has specific biological relevance, biosynthetic mechanisms and signaling cascades, which activate defense reactions at the transcriptional level. In addition to their roles in signaling, lipids also function as stress mitigators to reduce the intensity of stressors. To mitigate particular stresses, enhanced syntheses of unique lipids that accumulate in trace quantities under normal growth conditions are often observed under stressed conditions. The accumulation of oligogalactolipids and glucuronosyldiacylglycerol has recently been found to mitigate freezing and nutrition-depletion stresses, respectively, during lipid remodeling. In addition, wax, cutin and suberin, which are not constituents of the lipid bilayer, but are components derived from lipids, contribute to the reduction of drought stress and tissue injury. These features indicate that lipid-mediated defenses against environmental stress contributes to plant survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yozo Okazaki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
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Sašek V, Janda M, Delage E, Puyaubert J, Guivarc'h A, López Maseda E, Dobrev PI, Caius J, Bóka K, Valentová O, Burketová L, Zachowski A, Ruelland E. Constitutive salicylic acid accumulation in pi4kIIIβ1β2 Arabidopsis plants stunts rosette but not root growth. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 203:805-16. [PMID: 24758581 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipids have recently been found to be integral elements of hormone signalling pathways. An Arabidopsis thaliana double mutant in two type III phosphatidylinositol-4-kinases (PI4Ks), pi4kIIIβ1β2, displays a stunted rosette growth. The causal link between PI4K activity and growth is unknown. Using microarray analysis, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and multiple phytohormone analysis by LC-MS we investigated the mechanism responsible for the pi4kIIIβ1β2 phenotype. The pi4kIIIβ1β2 mutant accumulated a high concentration of salicylic acid (SA), constitutively expressed SA marker genes including PR-1, and was more resistant to Pseudomonas syringae. pi4kIIIβ1β2 was crossed with SA signalling mutants eds1 and npr1 and SA biosynthesis mutant sid2 and NahG. The dwarf phenotype of pi4kIIIβ1β2 rosettes was suppressed in all four triple mutants. Whereas eds1 pi4kIIIβ1β2, sid2 pi4kIIIβ1β2 and NahG pi4kIIIβ1β2 had similar amounts of SA as the wild-type (WT), npr1pi4kIIIβ1β2 had more SA than pi4kIIIβ1β2 despite being less dwarfed. This indicates that PI4KIIIβ1 and PI4KIIIβ2 are genetically upstream of EDS1 and need functional SA biosynthesis and perception through NPR1 to express the dwarf phenotype. The slow root growth phenotype of pi4kIIIβ1β2 was not suppressed in any of the triple mutants. The pi4kIIIβ1β2 mutations together cause constitutive activation of SA signalling that is responsible for the dwarf rosette phenotype but not for the short root phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimír Sašek
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic, Prague, 165 02, Czech Republic
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Song Y, Miao Y, Song CP. Behind the scenes: the roles of reactive oxygen species in guard cells. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 201:1121-1140. [PMID: 24188383 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Guard cells regulate stomatal pore size through integration of both endogenous and environmental signals; they are widely recognized as providing a key switching mechanism that maximizes both the efficient use of water and rates of CO₂ exchange for photosynthesis; this is essential for the adaptation of plants to water stress. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are widely considered to be an important player in guard cell signalling. In this review, we focus on recent progress concerning the role of ROS as signal molecules in controlling stomatal movement, the interaction between ROS and intrinsic and environmental response pathways, the specificity of ROS signalling, and how ROS signals are sensed and relayed. However, the picture of ROS-mediated signalling is still fragmented and the issues of ROS sensing and the specificity of ROS signalling remain unclear. Here, we review some recent advances in our understanding of ROS signalling in guard cells, with an emphasis on the main players known to interact with abscisic acid signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Song
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Yuchen Miao
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Chun-Peng Song
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
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Rodas-Junco BA, Cab-Guillen Y, Muñoz-Sanchez JA, Vázquez-Flota F, Monforte-Gonzalez M, Hérnandez-Sotomayor SMT. Salicylic acid induces vanillin synthesis through the phospholipid signaling pathway in Capsicum chinense cell cultures. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2013; 8:doi: 10.4161/psb.26752. [PMID: 24494241 PMCID: PMC4091082 DOI: 10.4161/psb.26752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Signal transduction via phospholipids is mediated by phospholipases such as phospholipase C (PLC) and D (PLD), which catalyze hydrolysis of plasma membrane structural phospholipids. Phospholipid signaling is also involved in plant responses to phytohormones such as salicylic acid (SA). The relationships between phospholipid signaling, SA, and secondary metabolism are not fully understood. Using a Capsicum chinense cell suspension as a model, we evaluated whether phospholipid signaling modulates SA-induced vanillin production through the activation of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), a key enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway. Salicylic acid was found to elicit PAL activity and consequently vanillin production, which was diminished or reversed upon exposure to the phosphoinositide-phospholipase C (PI-PLC) signaling inhibitors neomycin and U73122. Exposure to the phosphatidic acid inhibitor 1-butanol altered PLD activity and prevented SA-induced vanillin production. Our results suggest that PLC and PLD-generated secondary messengers may be modulating SA-induced vanillin production through the activation of key biosynthetic pathway enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz A Rodas-Junco
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas; Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY) Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Yahaira Cab-Guillen
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas; Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY) Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - J Armando Muñoz-Sanchez
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas; Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY) Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Felipe Vázquez-Flota
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas; Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY) Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Miriam Monforte-Gonzalez
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas; Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY) Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - S M Teresa Hérnandez-Sotomayor
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas; Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY) Mérida, Yucatán, México
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Janda M, Planchais S, Djafi N, Martinec J, Burketova L, Valentova O, Zachowski A, Ruelland E. Phosphoglycerolipids are master players in plant hormone signal transduction. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2013; 32:839-51. [PMID: 23471417 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-013-1399-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoglycerolipids are essential structural constituents of membranes and some also have important cell signalling roles. In this review, we focus on phosphoglycerolipids that are mediators in hormone signal transduction in plants. We first describe the structures of the main signalling phosphoglycerolipids and the metabolic pathways that generate them, namely the phospholipase and lipid kinase pathways. In silico analysis of Arabidopsis transcriptome data provides evidence that the genes encoding the enzymes of these pathways are transcriptionally regulated in responses to hormones, suggesting some link with hormone signal transduction. The involvement of phosphoglycerolipid signalling in the early responses to abscisic acid, salicylic acid and auxins is then detailed. One of the most important signalling lipids in plants is phosphatidic acid. It can activate or inactivate protein kinases and/or protein phosphatases involved in hormone signalling. It can also activate NADPH oxidase leading to the production of reactive oxygen species. We will interrogate the mechanisms that allow the activation/deactivation of the lipid pathways, in particular the roles of G proteins and calcium. Mediating lipids thus appear as master players of cell signalling, modulating, if not controlling, major transducing steps of hormone signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Janda
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic, 160 000 Prague, Czech Republic
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