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Fatnani D, Parida AK. Unravelling the halophyte Suaeda maritima as an efficient candidate for phytostabilization of cadmium and lead: Implications from physiological, ionomic, and metabolomic responses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 212:108770. [PMID: 38823092 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are among the most toxic heavy metals affecting human health and crop yield. Suaeda maritima (L.) Dumort is an obligate halophyte that is well adapted to saline soil. The inbuilt salinity tolerance mechanisms of halophytes help them to survive in heavy metal-contaminated rhizospheric soil. In the present study, growth and ionomic responses, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, modulations of phytochelatins, antioxidative defense, and metabolomic responses were studied in S. maritima imposed to Cd and Pb stresses with an aim to elucidate Cd and Pb tolerance mechanisms and phytoremediation potential of this halophyte. Our results showed a reduction of biomass in S. maritima, which may serve as an energy conservation strategy for survival under heavy metal stress. The increased accumulation of ROS with concomitant higher expression of various antioxidative enzymes suggests the efficient scavenging of ROS. The metabolite profiling revealed significant up-regulation of sugars, sugar alcohols, amino acids, polyphenols, and organic acids under Cd and Pb stresses suggesting their possible role in osmotic balance, ionic homeostasis, ROS scavenging, and signal transduction for stress tolerance. In S. maritima, the translocation factors (Tf) are <1 in both Cd and Pb treatments, which indicates that this halophyte has high phytostabilization potential for Cd and Pb in roots and through restricted translocation of heavy metal ions to the aboveground part. The findings of this study offer comprehensive information on Cd and Pb tolerance mechanisms in S. maritima and suggest that this halophyte can detoxify the HMs through physiological, ionic, antioxidative, and metabolic regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhara Fatnani
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR- Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, 364002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Asish Kumar Parida
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR- Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, 364002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Jia X, Wang Y, Zhao J, Gao Y, Zhang C, Feng X, Ding X. Effect of Glomus mosseae, cadmium, and elevated air temperature on main flavonoids and phenolic acids contents in alfalfa. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:44819-44832. [PMID: 36697987 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25506-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Global warming and heavy metal-contaminated soils co-occur in natural ecosystems. Flavonoids and phenolic acids in plants have significant antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging ability, which can quickly increase under adverse environments. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonization can affect the synthesis of flavonoids and phenolic acids in host plants. This study focused on the main effect of Glomus mosseae, cadmium (Cd, 8 mg kg-1 dry soils), and elevated temperature (ET, + 3 °C) on main flavonoids and phenolic acids in 120-d Medicago sativa L. (alfalfa). Elevated temperature decreased G. mosseae colonization ratio by 49.5% under Cd exposure. Except for p-hydroxybenzoic acid, flavonoids and phenolic acids content in shoots increased (p < 0.05) under G. mosseae + Cd relative to Cd only. G. mosseae and Cd showed significant effects on rutin, quercetin, apigenin, liquiritigenin, gallic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, and ferulic acid, and G. mosseae colonization led to increases in these compounds by 41.7%, 35.4%, 32.2%, 267.8%, 84.7%, 33.5%, 102.8%, and 89.4%, respectively, under ET + Cd. Carbon, N, and Cd in alfalfa and G. mosseae colonization rate were significant factors on flavonoids and phenolic acids accumulation. Additionally, P content in shoots significantly influenced flavonoids content. G. mosseae inoculation significantly stimulated the synthesis of main flavonoids and phenolic acids in alfalfa shoots under ET + Cd, which was helpful to understand the regulation of AMF on non-enzyme antioxidant system of plants grown in heavy metal-contaminated soils under global change scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Jia
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126, Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126, Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiamin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126, Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfeng Gao
- School of Land Engineering, Chang'an University, No. 126, Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126, Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126, Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126, Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, People's Republic of China
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Bioaccumulation of industrial heavy metals and interactive biochemical effects on two tropical medicinal plant species. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:43860-43871. [PMID: 36670223 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25396-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) accumulation were studied in the leaves of two medicinal plant species, namely Holarrhena pubescens and Wrightia tinctoria, from two industrial areas and a control area. Our comparison study revealed that industrialization significantly increased the accumulation of heavy metals in both plant species. A comparison study in control and industrial areas exhibited that heavy metal accumulation was higher in the industrially affected area than in the control area. Heavy metal concentration exceeded the permissible limit recommended by the WHO in both species of two industrial areas. However, both species accumulated the least heavy metal concentration in the control area. Biochemical investigation specifies that in response to heavy metal accumulation, both species increased the activity of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde content, the activity of enzymatic (superoxide dismutase and peroxidase) and nonenzymatic (ascorbic acid) antioxidant, but decreased the primary (soluble carbohydrate and total protein), secondary metabolites (phenol and flavonoid) content and free radical scavenging (DPPH) activity. This study indicates that industrialization potentially harms medicinal plants by reducing the efficacy of their medicinal property.
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Li D, Zhou C, Wu Y, An Q, Zhang J, Fang Y, Li JQ, Pan C. Nanoselenium integrates soil-pepper plant homeostasis by recruiting rhizosphere-beneficial microbiomes and allocating signaling molecule levels under Cd stress. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 432:128763. [PMID: 35349848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Most studies have focused on regulation in a metabolic pathway in response to exogenous selenium under cadmium stress, rather than the change of key factors in soil and pepper plants. In this study, the correlations in environmental variables, microorganisms, metabolic pathways, Se and Cd morphology under nano-Se intervention were examined using metabolomics and microbial diversity in rhizosphere soil and pepper plants. The principal forms of Se in the soils were Se (VI) and SeCys, while SeMet and MeSeCys were the main components in the root, stem, leaves, and fruits in the treatment of nano-Se (5 and 20 mg/L) relative to the control. Soil enzymes,metabolites (fluorescein diacetate, urease, brassinolide, and p-hydroxybenzonic acid), and plant metabolites (rutin, luteolin, brassinolide, and abscisic acid) were remarkably enhanced by nano-Se fortification. The bio-enhancement of nano-Se can boost the beneficial microorganisms of Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Bacteroidia, Gemmatimonadetes, Deltaproteobacteria, and Anaerolineae in rhizosphere soil. Changes in microbial community were found to be strongly linked to the environment index, enzymes, soil metabolites, Se forms, which reduced Cd bioavailability and Cd accumulation in pepper plants. In conclusion, the nano-Se application integrates soil-plant balance by improving soil qualities and assigning signaling molecule levels in rhizosphere soil and pepper plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Li
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chunran Zhou
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yangliu Wu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Quanshun An
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingbang Zhang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yong Fang
- Hunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, China
| | - Jia-Qi Li
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Canping Pan
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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El-Mahdy OM, Mohamed HI, Mogazy AM. Biosorption effect of Aspergillus niger and Penicillium chrysosporium for Cd- and Pb-contaminated soil and their physiological effects on Vicia faba L. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:67608-67631. [PMID: 34258698 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15382-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation is an important solution to soil pollution management. The goal of this study is to determine the biosorption ability of the two selected fungi (Aspergillus niger and Penicillium chrysosporium) under heavy metal stress on faba bean plants. The fungal strains produced phytohormones, siderophore, ACC deaminase, and secondary metabolites. The biosorption capacity of A. niger and P. chrysosporium was 0.09 and 0.06 mg g-1 and 0.5 and 0.4 mg g-1 in media containing Cd and Pb, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of the fungal cell wall show primary functional groups like hydroxyl, amide, carboxyl, phosphoryl, sulfhydryl, and nitro. Therefore, A. niger and P. chrysosporium were inoculated to soils, and then the faba bean seeds were sown. After 21 days of sowing, the plants were irrigated with water to severe as control, with 100 mg L-1 of Cd and 200 mg L-1 of Pb. The results show that Cd and Pb caused a significant reduction in morphological characteristics, auxin, gibberellins, photosynthetic pigments, minerals content, and antioxidant enzymes as compared to control plants but caused a substantial boost in abscisic acid, ethylene, electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation, glutathione, proline, superoxide dismutase, secondary metabolites, and antioxidant capacity. In inoculated plants, metal-induced oxidative stress was modulated by inhibiting the transport of metal and decreased electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation. Finally, the inoculation of endophytic fungi contributed actively to the absorption of heavy metals and decreased their content in soil and plants. This could be utilized as an excellent technique in the fields of heavy metal-contaminated sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omima M El-Mahdy
- Biological and Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, El Makres St. Roxy, Cairo, 11341, Egypt
| | - Heba I Mohamed
- Biological and Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, El Makres St. Roxy, Cairo, 11341, Egypt.
| | - Asmaa M Mogazy
- Biological and Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, El Makres St. Roxy, Cairo, 11341, Egypt
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Zhang C, Jia X, Zhao Y, Wang L, Cao K, Zhang N, Gao Y, Wang Z. The combined effects of elevated atmospheric CO 2 and cadmium exposure on flavonoids in the leaves of Robinia pseudoacacia L. seedlings. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 210:111878. [PMID: 33418159 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids participate in several plant processes such as growth and physiological protection in adverse environments. In this study, we investigated the combined effects of eCO2 and cadmium (Cd)-contaminated soils on the total flavonoid and monomer contents in the leaves of Robinia pseudoacacia L. seedlings. Elevated CO2, Cd, and eCO2+ Cd increased the total flavonoids in the leaves relative to the control, and eCO2 mostly increased (p < 0.05) the total flavonoid content under Cd exposure. Elevated CO2 increased (p < 0.05) robinin, rutin, and acacetin contents in the leaves of 45-day seedlings and decreased (p < 0.05) the content of robinin and acacetin at 90 and 135 d under Cd exposure except for robinin at day 45 under Cd1 and acacetin on day 135 under Cd1. Quercetin content decreased (p < 0.05) under the combined conditions relative to Cd alone. Kaempferol in the leaves was only detected under eCO2 on day 135. The responses of total chlorophyll, total soluble sugars, starch, C, N, S, and the C/N ratio in the leaves to eCO2 significantly affected the synthesis of total flavonoids and monomers under Cd exposure. Overall, rutin was more sensitive to eCO2+ Cd than the other flavonoids. Cadmium, CO2, and time had significant interactive effects on the synthesis of flavonoids in the leaves of R. pseudoacacia L. seedlings. Elevated CO2 may improve the protection and defense system of seedlings grown in Cd-contaminated soils by promoting the synthesis of total flavonoids, although robinin, rutin, quercetin, and acacetin yields may reduce with time. Additionally, increased Cd in the leaves suggested that eCO2 could improve the phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Xia Jia
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, PR China.
| | - Yonghua Zhao
- School of Land Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Kemeng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Ningjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Yunfeng Gao
- School of Land Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- School of Land Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, PR China
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Diversity and Conservation through Cultivation of Hypoxis in Africa—A Case Study of Hypoxis hemerocallidea. DIVERSITY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/d12040122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Africa has the largest diversity of the genus Hypoxis, accounting for 61% of the current globally accepted taxa within the genus, including some endemic species. Using Hypoxis hemerocallidea as a case study, this review addresses the conservation concerns arising from the unsustainable, wild harvesting of a number of Hypoxis species. Hypoxis hemerocallidea is one of the wild-harvested, economically important, indigenous medicinal plants of southern Africa, with potential in natural product and drug development. There are several products made from the species, including capsules, tinctures, tonics and creams that are available in the market. The use of H. hemerocallidea as a “cure-all” medicine puts an important harvesting pressure on the species. Unsustainable harvesting causes a continuing decline of its populations and it is therefore of high priority for conservation, including a strong case to cultivate the species. Reviewing the current knowledge and gaps on cultivation of H. hemerocallidea, we suggest the creation of a platform for linking all the stakeholders in the industry.
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Ahanger MA, Mir RA, Alyemeni MN, Ahmad P. Combined effects of brassinosteroid and kinetin mitigates salinity stress in tomato through the modulation of antioxidant and osmolyte metabolism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 147:31-42. [PMID: 31838316 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Salinity stress reduces growth and yield productivity of most crop plants. Potentiality of kinetin (Kn) and epi-brassinolide (EBL), either individually or combinedly in preventing the salinity (100 mM NaCl) stress mediated oxidative damage and photosynthetic inhibition was studied in Solanum lycopersicum. Combined application of Kn and EBL imparted much prominent impact on the growth, photosynthesis and metabolism of antioxidants, osmolytes and secondary metabolites. Synthesis of chlorophylls and carotenoids increased and the photosynthetic parameters like stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration and net photosynthesis were significantly improved due to application of Kn and EBL. Photosystem II functioning (Fv/Fm), photochemical quenching and electron transport rate (ETR) improved significantly in Kn and EBL treated plants imparting significant decline in salinity induced non-photochemical quenching. Exogenous Kn and EBL effectively prevented the oxidative damage by significantly declining the generation of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide under saline and non-saline conditions as reflected in lowered lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage. Reduced oxidative damage in Kn and EBL treated plants was accompanied down-regulation of protease and lipoxygenase concomitant with up-regulation of the antioxidant system and the accumulation of compatible osmolytes. Treatment of Kn and EBL proved effective in enhancing the contents of redox homeostasis, ascorbic acid and reduced glutathione, and the secondary metabolites assisting the enzymatic antioxidant system in combating the salinity stress efficiently. Results suggest that combined application of Kn and EBL regulate growth and photosynthesis in tomato more effectively than their individual application through a probable regulatory crosstalk mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rayees Ahmad Mir
- School of Studies in Botany, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, MP, India
| | - Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saudi University, P. O. Box. 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saudi University, P. O. Box. 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Botany, S.P. College, Srinagar, 190001, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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Zoufan P, Azad Z, Rahnama Ghahfarokhie A, Kolahi M. Modification of oxidative stress through changes in some indicators related to phenolic metabolism in Malva parviflora exposed to cadmium. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 187:109811. [PMID: 31654866 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the role of phenolic compounds in the antioxidant defense system in Malva parviflora L. plants treated with cadmium (Cd). After surface sterilization, the seeds were sown on seedling trays. Forty-day-old plants were then transferred to hydroponic cultures with Cd (40 μM) or without Cd (control). Some biochemical and physiological parameters were assayed on the sixth day after Cd treatment. Based on the results, the plants showed an increase in leaf soluble carbohydrates, total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity at the end of the exposure period. However, length, fresh weight, chlorophyll (Chl) b, total Chl, stomatal conductance and starch content decreased under Cd treatment. There was no significant difference between the plants exposed to Cd and the control group for Chl a, SPAD index, carotenoids, and anthocyanins as well as the H2O2 content six days after treatment. The Cd content in the roots was considerably higher than that in the shoots. In assessing the antioxidant capacity of plant extracts, different results were observed using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) test and beta-carotene/linoleic acid bleaching assay. According to the results of this study, it seems that increased activity of PAL enzyme leads to an increase in biosynthesis of phenolic compounds in M. parviflora. This mechanism probably increases the antioxidant capacity of the plant to suppress Cd-induced toxicity and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parzhak Zoufan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Zeynab Azad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Afrasyab Rahnama Ghahfarokhie
- Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Kolahi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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Shams Ul Hassan S, Jin HZ, Abu-Izneid T, Rauf A, Ishaq M, Suleria HAR. Stress-driven discovery in the natural products: A gateway towards new drugs. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:459-467. [PMID: 30399582 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Elicitation by chemical means including heavy metals is one of a novel technique for drug discoveries. In this review, the effect of heavy metals on animal, plants and microorganisms for the production of novel compounds with the unique structures has been discussed. The number of parameters such as metal concentration, type, dose, treatment schedule, duration of metal exposure, and nutrient composition are significant factors altering the secondary metabolites production. The detailed illustrated diagram representing the mode of action of metal stress has also been discussed. This is the first article reporting all the novel compounds produced from plants and microorganisms in response to metal-stress with their pharmacological potential. This new technique opens the new way for drug discovery from natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hui-Zi Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Tareq Abu-Izneid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University of Science and Technology, Al Ain Campus, UAE
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar Swabi, 25120, KPK, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ishaq
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria
- UQ Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, 37 Kent Street Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia; School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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Kundu D, Dey S, Raychaudhuri SS. Chromium (VI) - induced stress response in the plant Plantago ovata Forsk in vitro. Genes Environ 2018; 40:21. [PMID: 30349616 PMCID: PMC6192006 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-018-0109-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plants experience severe physiological stress from heavy metal pollution caused by improper discarding of the industrial wastes. Hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] is one of the major heavy metal pollutants in India and is present particularly in some regions where Plantago ovata grows to a great extent. This study was aimed at finding the effects of Cr (VI) on P. ovata and manoeuvres of the plant to combat such heavy metal exposure in vitro. Methods Potassium dichromate was used as a source of Cr (VI) to induce the heavy metal stress. Range of Cr (VI) sublethal doses [0 mM (control), 0.1 mM, 0.3 mM, 0.5 mM, 1 mM, 1.5 mM and1.8 mM] was used to observe its effect on the plant. The seeds of the plant were grown on sucrose-agar media with different concentrations of potassium dichromate, and ten-day old seedlings were then harvested and examined. Results The germination rate reduced below 50% at 1.9 mM Cr (VI) concentration and thus, 0 mM–1.8 mM concentration ranges were found to be suitable for sublethal dose. Morphological changes namely, reduction of the shoot-root length and multiple root development were caused by Cr (VI) in a dose-dependent manner. The plant showed elevated responses against Cr (VI), up to 1.5 mM (10 days treated) in terms of increasing accumulation of secondary metabolites like polyphenols, chlorophyll content (chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll), carotenoids and total antioxidant activity. DPPH radical scavenging activity along with malondialdehyde (MDA) content was not significantly elevated with the increase in Cr (VI) concentration indicating that the lipid peroxidation rate within the tissue was low. Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) gene expressions were upregulated by 1 mM Cr (VI) concentration, which decreased at higher concentrations. The atomic absorption spectroscopy analysis also showed significant accumulation of Cr (VI) in the shoot and root with an increase in the potassium dichromate concentration. Conclusion Cr (VI) reduced the shoot-root length and seed germination in a dose-dependent manner. The plant system tried to combat the Cr (VI) stress by upregulating the stress response genes in the phenylpropanoid pathway along with an increase in polyphenol and antioxidant contents, which were evident from the lowering of lipid peroxidation rate and increase in PAL and PPO gene expressions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s41021-018-0109-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debangana Kundu
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology, and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta, 92, APC Road, Kolkata, 700009 India
| | - Sankalan Dey
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology, and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta, 92, APC Road, Kolkata, 700009 India
| | - Sarmistha Sen Raychaudhuri
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology, and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta, 92, APC Road, Kolkata, 700009 India
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12
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Jia X, Zhang C, Zhao Y, Liu T, He Y. Three years of exposure to lead and elevated CO 2 affects lead accumulation and leaf defenses in Robinia pseudoacacia L. seedlings. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 349:215-223. [PMID: 29427972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have explored the long-term effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 combined with lead (Pb) contamination on plants. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of 3 years of elevated CO2 (700 ± 23 μmol mol-1) on Pb accumulation and plant defenses in leaves of Robinia pseudoacacia L. seedlings in exposed to Pb (500 mg kg-1 soil). Elevated CO2 increased Pb accumulation in leaves and Pb removal rate in soils. In plants exposed to Pb stress, total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents in leaves were lower under elevated CO2 than under ambient CO2, but seedling height and width increased under elevated CO2 relative to ambient CO2. Elevated CO2 significantly (p < .01) stimulated malondialdehyde content in leaves under Pb exposure. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activity increased significantly (p < .01), peroxidase activity decreased significantly (p < .01), and glutathione, cystine, and phytochelatin contents increased under elevated CO2 + Pb relative to Pb alone. Elevated CO2 stimulated the production of soluble sugars, proline, flavonoids, saponins, and phenolics in plants exposed to Pb stress. Ove rall, long-term elevation of CO2 increased Pb-induced oxidative damage in seedlings, but enhanced the phytoextraction of Pb from contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Jia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection & Pollution and Remediation of Water and Soil of Shaanxi Province, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, PR China.
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection & Pollution and Remediation of Water and Soil of Shaanxi Province, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Yonghua Zhao
- The School of Earth Science and Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, PR China.
| | - Tuo Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection & Pollution and Remediation of Water and Soil of Shaanxi Province, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Yunhua He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection & Pollution and Remediation of Water and Soil of Shaanxi Province, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, PR China
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13
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Manquián-Cerda K, Cruces E, Escudey M, Zúñiga G, Calderón R. Interactive effects of aluminum and cadmium on phenolic compounds, antioxidant enzyme activity and oxidative stress in blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) plantlets cultivated in vitro. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 150:320-326. [PMID: 29294441 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the potential role of phenolic compounds in Al and Cd stress tolerance mechanisms, Vaccinium corymbosum cv. Legacy plantlets were exposed to different metal concentrations. The present study used an in vitro plant model to test the effects of the following treatments: 100μM Al; 100μMAl + 50μMCd; and 100μMAl + 100μMCd during periods of 7, 14, 21 and 30 days. The oxidative damage was determined by the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The antioxidant activity values were determined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazine (DPPH) and the ferric reducing antioxidant power test (FRAP). Additionally, the phenolic compound concentrations were determined using HPLC-DAD. The exposure to Al and Cd increased the MDA and H2O2 contents differentially, while the antioxidant capacity values showed differences between DPPH and FRAP with the largest changes in FRAP relative to Cd. SOD had the highest activity in the first 7 days, leading to a significant increase in phenolic compounds observed after 14 days, and chlorogenic acid was the major compound identified. Our results revealed that phenolic compounds seem to play an important role in the response to ROS. Therefore, the mechanisms of tolerance to Al and Cd in V. corymbosum will be determined by the type of metal and time of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Manquián-Cerda
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. B. O'Higgins, 3363 Santiago, Chile.
| | - E Cruces
- Centro Interactivo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, General Gana 1780, 8370854 Santiago, Chile
| | - M Escudey
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. B. O'Higgins, 3363 Santiago, Chile; Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, CEDENNA, 9170124 Santiago, Chile
| | - G Zúñiga
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. B. O'Higgins, 3363 Santiago, Chile
| | - R Calderón
- Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Fabrica 1990, Segundo Piso, Santiago, Chile
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14
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Handa N, Kohli SK, Thukral AK, Bhardwaj R, Alyemeni MN, Wijaya L, Ahmad P. Protective role of selenium against chromium stress involving metabolites and essential elements in Brassica juncea L. seedlings. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:66. [PMID: 29354377 PMCID: PMC5764881 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1087-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed at the potential role of selenium in providing protection to plants subjected to chromium toxicity. The study was carried out on 15-day-old seedlings of Brassica juncea raised in the solutions of Cr (300 µM) and Se (2, 4 and 6 µM), both alone and in combinations under controlled laboratory environment. The effects were studied on growth, plant metabolites (involved in osmotic homeostasis and stress protection), and essential elements. The results showed that the exposure of B. juncea seedlings to 300 µM Cr led to an increase in the contents of total sugars, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars, total phenols and flavonoids. However, a significant decline in growth characteristics, the contents of proteins and free amino acids was observed. The essential elements (Na, K, Ca, Mg, C, H, N) also decreased in response to Cr. Se application in binary combinations, on the other hand, aided in improving seed germination (19%), root (88.3%) and shoot (18.2%) lengths. It also helped to increase the contents of sugars [total (16.3%), reducing (21.6%) and non-reducing (15.2%)], phenols (36.7%) and flavonoids (27.4%), thereby aiding in alleviating the phytotoxicity of Cr. The profiling of polyphenols and amino acids, and histological study of phenols supported the above results. The contents of essential elements also showed a significant increase, while Cr uptake was observed to decline by Se supplementation. The observations from the present study indicate that Se has the ability to influence primary and secondary metabolism, improve mineral nutrition and reduce Cr uptake in B. juncea seedlings to combat the Cr phytotoxicity and enhance the tolerance against stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Handa
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005 India
| | - Sukhmeen Kaur Kohli
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005 India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Thukral
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005 India
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005 India
| | - Mohammed N. Alyemeni
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Leonard Wijaya
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany, S.P. College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190001 India
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Jia X, Zhao YH, Liu T, He YH. Leaf defense system of Robinia pseudoacacia L. seedlings exposed to 3years of elevated atmospheric CO 2 and Cd-contaminated soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 605-606:48-57. [PMID: 28654808 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Short-term exposure to elevated CO2 increases cadmium (Cd) uptake in some plant species (wheat, poplars, and willows), which triggers an increase in antioxidative system activity to deal with additional reactive oxygen species that are generated. Here, we examined leaf defenses in Robinia pseudoacacia L. seedlings exposed to elevated CO2+Cd for 3years. Three years of elevated CO2 decreased Cd uptake into leaves and the Cd content in soils and increased the pH of rhizosphere soil relative to ambient CO2. In plants exposed to Cd stress, leaf chlorophyll content was greater under elevated CO2 than under ambient CO2. Superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase activity increased, glutathione content increased, and malondialdehyde and phytochelatins contents decreased under elevated CO2+Cd relative to Cd alone. Proline, soluble sugars, flavonoids, saponins, and phenolic acids contents were greater under elevated CO2+Cd than under Cd alone, and condensed tannin content was lower. Overall, long-term elevation of CO2 enhanced the leaf defense system of R. pseudoacacia exposed to Cd by stimulating antioxidant enzyme activity, osmotic adjustment, and the production of glutathione, flavonoids and phenolic acids. Future research should focus on understanding the mechanisms involved in the decrease in Cd uptake into leaves and Cd content in soils and the increase in rhizosphere soil pH under long-term exposure to elevated CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Jia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection & Pollution and Remediation of Water and Soil of Shaanxi Province, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, PR China.
| | - Y H Zhao
- The School of Earth Science and Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - T Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection & Pollution and Remediation of Water and Soil of Shaanxi Province, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Y H He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection & Pollution and Remediation of Water and Soil of Shaanxi Province, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, PR China
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Ibrahim MH, Chee Kong Y, Mohd Zain NA. Effect of Cadmium and Copper Exposure on Growth, Secondary Metabolites and Antioxidant Activity in the Medicinal Plant Sambung Nyawa (Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr). Molecules 2017; 22:E1623. [PMID: 29023367 PMCID: PMC6151666 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A randomized complete block (RCBD) study was designed to investigate the effects of cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) on the growth, bioaccumulation of the two heavy metals, metabolite content and antibacterial activities in Gyanura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. Nine treatments including (1) control (no Cd and Cu); (2) Cd 2 = cadmium 2 mg/L; (3) Cd 4 = cadmium 4 mg/L; (4) Cu 70 = copper 70 mg/L; (5) Cu 140 = copper 140 mg/L); (6) Cd 2 + Cu 70 = cadmium 2 mg/L + copper 70 mg/L); (7) Cd 2 + Cu 140 = cadmium 2 mg/L + copper 70 mg/L); (8) Cd 4 + Cu 70 = cadmium 4 mg/L+ copper 70 mg/L and (9) Cd 4 + Cu 140 = cadmium 4 mg/L + copper 140 mg/L) were evaluated in this experiment. It was found that the growth parameters (plant dry weight, total leaf area and basal diameter) were reduced with the exposure to increased concentrations of Cd and Cu and further decreased under interaction between Cd and Cu. Production of total phenolics, flavonoids and saponin was observed to be reduced under combined Cd and Cu treatment. The reduction in the production of plant secondary metabolites might be due to lower phenyl alanine lyase (PAL) activity under these conditions. Due to that, the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) and antibacterial activities was also found to be reduced by the combined treatments. The current experiments show that the medicinal properties of G. procumbens are reduced by cadmium and copper contamination. The accumulation of heavy metal also was found to be higher than the safety level recommended by the WHO in the single and combined treatments of Cd and Cu. These results indicate that exposure of G. procumbens to Cd and Cu contaminated soil may potentially harm consumers due to bioaccumulation of metals and reduced efficacy of the herbal product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Hafiz Ibrahim
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Yap Chee Kong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Nurul Amalina Mohd Zain
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
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17
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Ahanger MA, Agarwal RM. Potassium up-regulates antioxidant metabolism and alleviates growth inhibition under water and osmotic stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L). PROTOPLASMA 2017; 254:1471-1486. [PMID: 27783181 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-016-1037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Pot experiments were conducted to find out the effectivity of K on Triticum aestivum L cultivars. Polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG 6000) was used as an osmoticum to induce osmotic stress under sand culture setting up the water potential of external solution at -3 and -5 bars. In pots, plants were raised under restricted and normal irrigation and K was applied in varying doses (0, 20, 40, 60 kg ha-1) and estimation of different physiological and biochemical parameters was done at two developmental stages, i.e., preflowering and flowering. Supplementation of K resulted in obvious increase in growth and activity of antioxidant enzymes in both normal and stressed plants. Added potassium increased total phenols and tannins thereby strengthening the components of both the enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic antioxidant system. Under both normal and stressed conditions, K-fed plants experienced significant increase in the synthesis of osmolytes like free proline, amino acids, and sugars which assumes special significance in growth under water stress conditions. Wheat plants accumulating greater K were able to counteract the water stress-induced changes by maintaining lower Na/K ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R M Agarwal
- School of Studies in Botany, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, 474011, India
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18
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Ahanger MA, Agarwal RM. Salinity stress induced alterations in antioxidant metabolism and nitrogen assimilation in wheat (Triticum aestivum L) as influenced by potassium supplementation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 115:449-460. [PMID: 28478373 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Experiments were conducted on two wheat (Triticum aestivum L) cultivars exposed to NaCl stress with and without potassium (K) supplementation. Salt stress induced using NaCl caused oxidative stress resulting into enhancement in lipid peroxidation and altered growth as well as yield. Added potassium led to significant improvement in growth having positive effects on the attributes including nitrogen and antioxidant metabolism. NaCl-induced stress triggered the antioxidant defence system nevertheless, the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the content of non-enzymatic antioxidants increased in K fed plants. Enhancement in the accumulation of osmolytes comprising free proline, sugars and amino acids was observed at both the developmental stages with K supplementation associated with improvement of the relative water content and ultimately yield. Potassium significantly increased uptake and assimilation of nitrogen with concomitant reduction in the Na ions and consequently Na/K ratio. Optimal K can be used as a potential tool for alleviating NaCl stress in wheat to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R M Agarwal
- School of Studies in Botany, Jiwaji University Gwalior, MP, India
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Jia X, Zhao Y, Liu T, Huang S. Elevated CO2 affects secondary metabolites in Robinia pseudoacacia L. seedlings in Cd- and Pb-contaminated soils. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 160:199-207. [PMID: 27376859 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.06.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Secondary metabolites play important roles in plant interactions with the environment. The co-occurrence of heavy metal contamination of soils and rising atmospheric CO2 has important effects on plant. It is important to explore the ways in which production of plant secondary metabolites is affected by heavy metals under elevated atmospheric CO2. We examined the effects of elevated CO2 on secondary metabolite contents in Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings grown in Cd- and lead (Pb)-contaminated soils. The increase in secondary metabolites was greater under Cd + Pb exposure than under exposure to individual metals regardless of elevated CO2 with the exception of condensed tannins in leaves and total alkaloids in stems. Except for phenolic compounds and condensed tannins, elevated CO2 was associated with increased secondary metabolite contents in leaves and stems of plants exposed to Cd, Pb, and Cd + Pb compared to plants exposed to ambient CO2 + metals. Changes in saponins in leaves and alkaloids in stems were greater than changes in the other secondary metabolites. Significant interactive effects of CO2, Cd, and Pb on secondary metabolites were observed. Saponins in leaves and alkaloids in stems were more sensitive than other secondary metabolites to elevated CO2 + Cd + Pb. Elevated CO2 could modulate plant protection and defense mechanisms in R. pseudoacacia seedlings exposed to heavy metals by altering the production of secondary metabolites. The increased Cd and Pb uptake under elevated CO2 suggested that R. pseudoacacia may be used in the phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils under global environmental scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Jia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection & Pollution and Remediation of Water and Soil of Shaanxi Province, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, PR China.
| | - Yonghua Zhao
- The School of Earth Science and Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Tuo Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection & Pollution and Remediation of Water and Soil of Shaanxi Province, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Shuping Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection & Pollution and Remediation of Water and Soil of Shaanxi Province, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, PR China
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20
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Zhao YH, Jia X, Wang WK, Liu T, Huang SP, Yang MY. Growth under elevated air temperature alters secondary metabolites in Robinia pseudoacacia L. seedlings in Cd- and Pb-contaminated soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 565:586-594. [PMID: 27203519 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plant secondary metabolites play a pivotal role in growth regulation, antioxidant activity, pigment development, and other processes. As the global climate changes, increasing atmospheric temperatures and contamination of soil by heavy metals co-occur in natural ecosystems, which alters the pH of rhizosphere soil and influences the bioavailability and mobility of metals. Elevated temperatures in combination with heavy metals are expected to affect plant secondary metabolites, but this issue has not been extensively examined. Here, we investigated secondary metabolites in Robiniapseudoacacia seedlings exposed to elevated temperatures using a passive warming device in combination with Cd- and Pb-contaminated soils. Heavy metals significantly stimulated the accumulation of saponins, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids in leaves and stems; alkaloid compounds increased in leaves and decreased in stems, and condensed tannins fluctuated. Elevated temperatures, alone and in combination with Cd and Pb, caused increases in secondary metabolites in the plant tissues. Phenolic compounds showed the greatest changes among the secondary metabolites and significant interactive effects of temperature and metals were observed. These results suggest that slightly elevated temperature could enhance protective and defense mechanisms of Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings exposed to heavy metals by stimulating the production of secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Zhao
- The School of Earth Science and Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - X Jia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection & Pollution and Remediation of Water and Soil of Shaanxi Province, Chang'an University, No.126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, PR China.
| | - W K Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection & Pollution and Remediation of Water and Soil of Shaanxi Province, Chang'an University, No.126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - T Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection & Pollution and Remediation of Water and Soil of Shaanxi Province, Chang'an University, No.126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - S P Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection & Pollution and Remediation of Water and Soil of Shaanxi Province, Chang'an University, No.126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - M Y Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection & Pollution and Remediation of Water and Soil of Shaanxi Province, Chang'an University, No.126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, PR China
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21
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Okem A, Moyo M, Stirk WA, Finnie JF, Van Staden J. Investigating the effect of cadmium and aluminium on growth and stress-induced responses in the micropropagated medicinal plant Hypoxis hemerocallidea. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2016; 18:805-815. [PMID: 27307203 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxis hemerocallidea is a highly utilized medicinal plant in South Africa. Its cultivation has received considerable attention in order to meet the high demand. High levels of cadmium (Cd) and aluminum (Al) in H. hemerocallidea plants sold in traditional medicinal markets was previously reported. The present study used an in vitro propagation model to investigate the uptake of Cd and Al by H. hemerocallidea and their effect on plant growth, elemental uptake and some stress-induced responses such as pigment, malondialdehyde (MDA), proline content and ultrastructural changes. Shoot and root growth of plantlets exposed to Cd, Cd:Al and high concentrations of Al was significantly reduced. Highest concentrations of Cd accumulated in the corms of Cd-treated plantlets while highest Al concentrations occurred in the leaves and roots. There was higher accumulation of Cd and Al when applied singularly compared to the Cd:Al combination treatments. Cd and Al also reduced accumulation of trace elements in micropropagted H. hemerocallidea with lowest concentrations in the Cd:Al combination treatments. Exposure to Cd, Al and Cd:Al significantly reduced the level of chlorophyll but increased the levels of carotenoids, MDA and proline. Ultrastructural changes were also observed in H. hemerocallidea exposed to Cd and Al. All these factors contributed to the inhibition of plant growth and could potentially affect the ability of this important medicinal plant to synthesize bioactive compounds. It is thus necessary to understand heavy metal stress-induced responses in this highly valued medicinal plant to ensure a high quality product for the consumer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Okem
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Scottsville, South Africa
| | - M Moyo
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Scottsville, South Africa
| | - W A Stirk
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Scottsville, South Africa
| | - J F Finnie
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Scottsville, South Africa
| | - J Van Staden
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Scottsville, South Africa
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