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Li X, Zhang J, Guo X, Qiu L, Chen K, Wang J, Cheng T, Zhang Q, Zheng T. Genome-Wide Analysis of the Gibberellin-Oxidases Family Members in Four Prunus Species and a Functional Analysis of PmGA2ox8 in Plant Height. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8697. [PMID: 39201381 PMCID: PMC11354515 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Gibberellins (GAs), enzymes that play a significant role in plant growth and development, and their levels in plants could be regulated by gibberellin-oxidases (GAoxs). As important fruit trees and ornamental plants, the study of the mechanism of plant architecture formation of the Prunus genus is crucial. Here, 85 GAox genes were identified from P. mume, P. armeniaca, P. salicina, and P. persica, and they were classified into six subgroups. Conserved motif and gene structure analysis showed that GAoxs were conserved in the four Prunus species. Collinearity analysis revealed two fragment replication events of PmGAoxs in the P. mume genome. Promoter cis-elements analysis revealed 24 PmGAoxs contained hormone-responsive elements and development regulatory elements. The expression profile indicated that PmGAoxs have tissue expression specificity, and GA levels during the dormancy stage of flower buds were controlled by certain PmGAoxs. After being treated with IAA or GA3, the transcription level of PmGA2ox8 in stems was significantly increased and showed a differential expression level between upright and weeping stems. GUS activity driven by PmGA2ox8 promoter was detected in roots, stems, leaves, and flower organs of Arabidopsis. PmGA2ox8 overexpression in Arabidopsis leads to dwarfing phenotype, increased number of rosette leaves but decreased leaf area, and delayed flowering. Our results showed that GAoxs were conserved in Prunus species, and PmGA2ox8 played an essential role in regulating plant height.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tangchun Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.L.); (J.Z.); (X.G.); (L.Q.); (K.C.); (J.W.); (T.C.); (Q.Z.)
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2
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Wei H, Chen J, Lu Z, Zhang X, Liu G, Lian B, Chen Y, Zhong F, Yu C, Zhang J. Crape myrtle LiGAoxs displaying activities of gibberellin oxidases respond to branching architecture. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 212:108738. [PMID: 38761544 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
In the realm of ornamental horticulture, crape myrtle (Lagerstroemia indica) stands out for its aesthetic appeal, attributed largely to its vibrant flowers and distinctive branching architecture. This study embarked on a comprehensive exploration of the gibberellin oxidase (GAox) gene family in crape myrtle, illuminating its pivotal role in regulating GA levels, a key determinant of plant developmental processes. We identified and characterized 36 LiGAox genes, subdivided into GA2ox, GA3ox, GA20ox, and GAox-like subgroups, through genomic analyses. These genes' evolutionary trajectories were delineated, revealing significant gene expansions attributed to segmental duplication events. Functional analyses highlighted the divergent expression patterns of LiGAox genes across different crape myrtle varieties, associating them with variations in flower color and branching architecture. Enzymatic activity assays on selected LiGA2ox enzymes exhibited pronounced GA2 oxidase activity, suggesting a potential regulatory role in GA biosynthesis. Our findings offered a novel insight into the molecular underpinnings of GA-mediated growth and development in L. indica, providing a foundational framework for future genetic enhancements aimed at optimizing ornamental traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wei
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China; Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, Nantong, 226000, China.
| | - Jinxin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China; Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, Nantong, 226000, China.
| | - Zixuan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China; Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, Nantong, 226000, China.
| | - Xingyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China; Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, Nantong, 226000, China.
| | - Guoyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China; Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, Nantong, 226000, China.
| | - Bolin Lian
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China; Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, Nantong, 226000, China.
| | - Yanhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China; Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, Nantong, 226000, China.
| | - Fei Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China; Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, Nantong, 226000, China.
| | - Chunmei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China; Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, Nantong, 226000, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China; Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, Nantong, 226000, China.
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3
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Wu H, Tong J, Jiang X, Wang J, Zhang H, Luo Y, Pang J, Shi J. More effective than direct contact: Nano hydroxyapatite pre-treatment regulates the growth and Cd uptake of rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 463:132889. [PMID: 37922579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Cd contamination in rice urgently needs to be addressed. Nano hydroxyapatite (n-HAP) is an eco-friendly material with excellent Cd fixation ability. However, due to its own high reactivity, innovative application of n-HAP in the treatment of Cd contamination in rice is needed. In this study, we proposed a new application, namely n-HAP pre-treatment, which can effectively reduce Cd accumulation in rice and alleviate Cd stress. The results showed that 80 mg/L n-HAP pre-treatment significantly reduced Cd content in rice shoot by 35.1%. Biochemical and combined transcriptomic-proteomic analysis revealed the possible molecular mechanisms by which n-HAP pre-treatment promoted rice growth and reduced Cd accumulation. (1) n-HAP pre-treatment regulated gibberellin and jasmonic acid synthesis-related pathways, increased gibberellin content and decreased jasmonic acid content in rice root, which promoted rice growth; (2) n-HAP pre-treatment up-regulated gene CATA1 expression and down-regulated gene OsGpx1 expression, which increased rice CAT activity and GSH content; (3) n-HAP pre-treatment up-regulated gene OsZIP1 expression and down-regulated gene OsNramp1 expression, which reduced Cd uptake, increased Cd efflux from rice root cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxin Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; MOE Key laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianhao Tong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; MOE Key laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaohan Jiang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; MOE Key laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; MOE Key laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Haonan Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; MOE Key laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yating Luo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; MOE Key laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jingli Pang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; MOE Key laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiyan Shi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; MOE Key laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Groffen T, Kuijper N, Oden S, Willems T, Bervoets L, Prinsen E. Growth Hormones in Broad Bean ( Vicia faba L.) and Radish ( Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus L.) Are Associated with Accumulated Concentrations of Perfluoroalkyl Substances. TOXICS 2023; 11:922. [PMID: 37999574 PMCID: PMC10674852 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11110922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we grew radish (Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus L.) and broad beans (Vicia faba L.) in a greenhouse on soils spiked with a mixture of 15 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and investigated the association between accumulated ∑PFAS concentrations, growth, and hormone levels. Short-chained PFASs dominated aboveground tissues, whereas long-chained PFASs were most abundant in the plant roots. Our results showed that the presence or absence of exodermal Casparian strips, as well as the hydrophobicity and anion exchange capacities of PFASs, could explain the translocation of PFASs within plants. Significant associations found between accumulated PFAS concentrations and levels of gibberellins (GA1 and GA15), methionine, and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) imply potential effects of PFASs on plant development and growth. This study provides the first evidence of associations between PFAS accumulation in plants and growth hormone levels, possibly leading to growth reduction of the apical dome and effects on the cell cycle in pericycle cells and methionine metabolism in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thimo Groffen
- ECOSPHERE, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; (N.K.); (L.B.)
| | - Niels Kuijper
- ECOSPHERE, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; (N.K.); (L.B.)
| | - Sevgi Oden
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRes), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; (S.O.); (T.W.); (E.P.)
| | - Tim Willems
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRes), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; (S.O.); (T.W.); (E.P.)
| | - Lieven Bervoets
- ECOSPHERE, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; (N.K.); (L.B.)
| | - Els Prinsen
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRes), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; (S.O.); (T.W.); (E.P.)
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Liu X, Xu Y, Sun W, Wang J, Gao Y, Wang L, Xu W, Wang S, Jiu S, Zhang C. Strigolactones modulate stem length and diameter of cherry rootstocks through interaction with other hormone signaling pathways. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1092654. [PMID: 36844087 PMCID: PMC9948674 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1092654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Stem growth and development has considerable effects on plant architecture and yield performance. Strigolactones (SLs) modulate shoot branching and root architecture in plants. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying SLs regulate cherry rootstocks stem growth and development remain unclear. Our studies showed that the synthetic SL analog rac-GR24 and the biosynthetic inhibitor TIS108 affected stem length and diameter, aboveground weight, and chlorophyll content. The stem length of cherry rootstocks following TIS108 treatment reached a maximum value of 6.97 cm, which was much higher than that following rac-GR24 treatments at 30 days after treatment. Stem paraffin section showed that SLs affected cell size. A total of 1936, 743, and 1656 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were observed in stems treated with 10 μM rac-GR24, 0.1 μM rac-GR24, and 10 μM TIS108, respectively. RNA-seq results highlighted several DEGs, including CKX, LOG, YUCCA, AUX, and EXP, which play vital roles in stem growth and development. UPLC-3Q-MS analysis revealed that SL analogs and inhibitors affected the levels of several hormones in the stems. The endogenous GA3 content of stems increased significantly with 0.1 μM rac-GR24 or 10 μM TIS108 treatment, which is consistent with changes in the stem length following the same treatments. This study demonstrated that SLs affected stem growth of cherry rootstocks by changing other endogenous hormone levels. These results provide a solid theoretical basis for using SLs to modulate plant height and achieve sweet cherry dwarfing and high-density cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Songtao Jiu
- *Correspondence: Songtao Jiu, ; Caixi Zhang,
| | - Caixi Zhang
- *Correspondence: Songtao Jiu, ; Caixi Zhang,
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6
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Qu K, Cheng Y, Gao K, Ren W, Fry EL, Yin J, Liu Y. Growth-Defense Trade-Offs Induced by Long-term Overgrazing Could Act as a Stress Memory. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:917354. [PMID: 35720531 PMCID: PMC9201768 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.917354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Long-term overgrazing (OG) is one of the key drivers of global grassland degradation with severe loss of productivity and ecosystem functions, which may result in stress memory such as smaller stature of grassland plants. However, how the OG-induced stress memory could be regulated by phytohormones is unknown. In this study, we investigated the changes of four phytohormones of cloned offspring of Leymus chinensis that were developed from no-grazing (NG) plants and OG plants with a grazing history of 30 years. The concentrations of auxin (IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA) in OG plant leaves were 45% and 20% lower than control, respectively. Meanwhile, the level of abscisic acid (ABA) in OG leaves nearly doubled compared with that in NG leaves. The situation was quite similar in roots. Unexpectedly, no significant changes in the jasmonic acid (JA) level were observed between OG and NG plants. The changes in gene expression patterns between OG and NG plants were also investigated by transcriptomic analysis. In total, 302 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between OG and NG plants, which were mainly classified into the functions of synthesis, receptor, and signal transduction processes of phytohormones. The expression of 24 key genes related to the biosynthesis and signal transduction of IAA and GA was downregulated in OG plants. Among them, OASA1 and AO1 (regulating the biosynthesis of IAA and ABA, respectively) were reduced significantly by 88 and 92%, respectively. In addition, the content of secondary metabolites related to plant defense such as flavonoids and phenols was also increased in leaves. Taken together, the decrease of positive plant growth-related hormones (IAA and GA) together with the increase of plant stress-related hormones or factors (ABA, flavonoids, and phenols) induced the growth-defense trade-offs for L. chinensis adaptation to long-term OG stress. The findings reported in this study shed new light on the mechanism of plant-animal interaction in the grassland ecosystem and provide a deeper insight into optimizing grazing management and sustainable utilization of grassland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kairi Qu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yunxiang Cheng
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Kairu Gao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Weibo Ren
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Ellen L. Fry
- Department of Biology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, United Kingdom
| | - Jingjing Yin
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yaling Liu
- Inner Mongolia Mongolian Grass Seed Industry Science and Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
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Wang S, Luo C, Sun L, Ning K, Chen Z, Yang J, Wang Y, Wang Q. LsRGL1 controls the bolting and flowering times of lettuce by modulating the gibberellin pathway. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 316:111175. [PMID: 35151458 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bolting, which is a serious problem during lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) production, is responsible for substantial annual yield and quality losses. Gibberellin plays a critical role in the regulation of lettuce bolting. Additionally, DELLA proteins negatively regulate the gibberellin signaling pathway. However, it is unclear if DELLA proteins are involved in the regulation of lettuce bolting. Therefore, in this study, we identified four DELLA-encoding genes in lettuce, including LsRGL1, which was highly expressed in the stem and negatively correlated with bolting. Knocking down this gene in lettuce promoted bolting, whereas its overexpression inhibited bolting and the biosynthesis of gibberellin and auxin. A transcriptome analysis revealed that genes involved in gibberellin and auxin biosynthesis and flowering were affected in the LsRGL1-overexpressing lines. The yeast two-hybrid and yeast one-hybrid assay results indicated that LsRGL1 can interact with LsGA3ox and the LsYUC4 promoter region. Considered together, the results of this study suggest LsRGL1 negatively regulates lettuce bolting. Furthermore, its function may depend on modifications to gibberellin and auxin levels mediated at the transcript and protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chen Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Liang Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Kang Ning
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zijing Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yixin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Xie Y, Zeng W, Wang C, Xu D, Guo H, Xiong H, Fang H, Zhao L, Gu J, Zhao S, Ding Y, Liu L. Fine Mapping of qd1, a Dominant Gene that Regulates Stem Elongation in Bread Wheat. Front Genet 2021; 12:793572. [PMID: 34912380 PMCID: PMC8667865 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.793572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem elongation is a critical phase for yield determination and, as a major trait, is targeted for manipulation for improvement in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In a previous study, we characterized a mutant showing rapid stem elongation but with no effect on plant height at maturity. The present study aimed to finely map the underlying mutated gene, qd1, in this mutant. By analyzing an F2 segregating population consisting of 606 individuals, we found that the qd1 gene behaved in a dominant manner. Moreover, by using the bulked segregant RNA sequencing (BSR-seq)-based linkage analysis method, we initially mapped the qd1 gene to a 13.55 Mb region on chromosome 4B (from 15.41 to 28.96 Mb). This result was further confirmed in F2 and BC3F2 segregating populations. Furthermore, by using transcriptome sequencing data, we developed 14 Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) markers and then mapped the qd1 gene to a smaller and more precise 5.08 Mb interval from 26.80 to 31.88 Mb. To develop additional markers to finely map the qd1 gene, a total of 4,481 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the 5.08 Mb interval were screened, and 25 KASP markers were developed based on 10x-depth genome resequencing data from both wild-type (WT) and mutant plants. The qd1 gene was finally mapped to a 1.33 Mb interval from 28.86 to 30.19 Mb on chromosome 4B. Four candidate genes were identified in this region. Among them, the expression pattern of only TraesCS4B02G042300 in the stems was concurrent with the stem development of the mutant and WT. The qd1 gene could be used in conjunction with molecular markers to manipulate stem development in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongdun Xie
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Weiwei Zeng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Chaojie Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Daxing Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Huijun Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Hongchun Xiong
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Hanshun Fang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Linshu Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayu Gu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Shirong Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Yuping Ding
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Luxiang Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, China
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Dong W, Wu D, Wang C, Liu Y, Wu D. Characterization of the molecular mechanism underlying the dwarfism of dsh mutant watermelon plants. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 313:111074. [PMID: 34763866 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Developing dwarf watermelon is a major objective among breeders. The dsh dwarf watermelon germplasm developed in our laboratory is genetically stable. We previously produced preliminary evidence that Cla010726, which encodes a gibberellin 20-oxidase-like protein, is the primary gene controlling dwarfism in watermelon. However, the underlying genetic mechanism was unknown. In this study, we characterized the spontaneous recessive mutant dsh, which is a gibberellin (GA)-deficient mutant. Many of the phenotypic traits of dsh plants are similar to those of known GA-deficient mutants. The dsh plants were sensitive to exogenous bioactive GAs, which increased seedling height. Moreover, a quantitative analysis of endogenous GA3 proved that the bioactive GA3 content was substantially lower than normal in dsh. Additionally, the T5ClaGA20ox RNAi plants generally exhibited dwarfism, with short stems and internodes as well as small leaves and fruit. An examination of the transgenic plants carrying the ClaGA20ox1 promoter-GUS and mutant ClaGA20ox2 promoter-GUS constructs confirmed that two promoter sites are involved in the regulation of ClaGA20ox expression. Hence, mutations in the promoter of the GA20ox gene, which encodes a key enzyme involved in gibberellin biosynthesis, lead to the dwarfism of watermelon plants. The dsh mutant is a potentially useful germplasm resource for developing new watermelon varieties exhibiting dwarfism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dong
- School of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Dewei Wu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Caihui Wang
- School of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Defeng Wu
- School of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, People's Republic of China.
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Shan F, Zhang R, Zhang J, Wang C, Lyu X, Xin T, Yan C, Dong S, Ma C, Gong Z. Study on the Regulatory Effects of GA 3 on Soybean Internode Elongation. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10081737. [PMID: 34451783 PMCID: PMC8398907 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Excessive plant height is an important factor that can lead to lodging, which is closely related to soybean yield. Gibberellins are widely used as plant growth regulators in agricultural production. Gibberellic acid (GA3), one of the most effective active gibberellins, has been used to regulate plant height and increase yields. The mechanism through which GA3 regulates internode elongation has been extensively investigated. In 2019 and 2020, we applied GA3 to the stems, leaves, and roots of two soybean cultivars, Heinong 48 (a high-stalk cultivar) and Henong 60 (a dwarf cultivar), and GA3 was also applied to plants whose apical meristem was removed or to girded plants to compare the internode length and stem GA3 content of soybean plants under different treatments. These results suggested that the application of GA3 to the stems, leaves, and roots of soybean increased the internode length and GA3 content in the stems. Application of GA3 decreased the proportion of the pith in the soybean stems and primary xylem while increasing the proportion of secondary xylem. The apical meristem is an important site of GA3 synthesis in soybean stems and is involved in the regulation of stem elongation. GA3 was shown to be transported acropetally through the xylem and laterally between the xylem and phloem in soybean stems. We conclude that the GA3 level in stems is an important factor affecting internode elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxin Shan
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (F.S.); (R.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.W.); (X.L.); (T.X.); (C.Y.); (S.D.); (C.M.)
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (F.S.); (R.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.W.); (X.L.); (T.X.); (C.Y.); (S.D.); (C.M.)
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (F.S.); (R.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.W.); (X.L.); (T.X.); (C.Y.); (S.D.); (C.M.)
| | - Chang Wang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (F.S.); (R.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.W.); (X.L.); (T.X.); (C.Y.); (S.D.); (C.M.)
| | - Xiaochen Lyu
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (F.S.); (R.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.W.); (X.L.); (T.X.); (C.Y.); (S.D.); (C.M.)
| | - Tianyu Xin
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (F.S.); (R.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.W.); (X.L.); (T.X.); (C.Y.); (S.D.); (C.M.)
| | - Chao Yan
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (F.S.); (R.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.W.); (X.L.); (T.X.); (C.Y.); (S.D.); (C.M.)
| | - Shoukun Dong
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (F.S.); (R.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.W.); (X.L.); (T.X.); (C.Y.); (S.D.); (C.M.)
| | - Chunmei Ma
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (F.S.); (R.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.W.); (X.L.); (T.X.); (C.Y.); (S.D.); (C.M.)
| | - Zhenping Gong
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (F.S.); (R.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.W.); (X.L.); (T.X.); (C.Y.); (S.D.); (C.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Hu L, Wang P, Hao Z, Lu Y, Xue G, Cao Z, Qu H, Cheng T, Shi J, Chen J. Gibberellin Oxidase Gene Family in L. chinense: Genome-Wide Identification and Gene Expression Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137167. [PMID: 34281216 PMCID: PMC8268368 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
GAox is a key enzyme for the transformation of gibberellins, and belongs to the 2-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase gene family (2ODD). However, a systematic analysis of GAox in the angiosperm L. chinense has not yet been reported. Here, we identified all LcGAox gene family members in L. chinense, which were classified into the three subgroups of GA20ox, C19GA2ox, and C20GA2ox. Comparison of the gene structure, conserve motifs, phylogenetic relationships, and syntenic relationships of gibberellin oxidase gene families in different species indicated that the gene functional differences may be due to the partial deletion of their domains during evolution. Furthermore, evidence for purifying selection was detected between orthologous GAox genes in rice, grape, Arabidopsis, and L. chinense. Analysis of the codon usage patterns showed that mutation pressure and natural selection might have induced codon usage bias in angiosperms; however, the LcGAox genes in mosses, lycophytes, and ambarella plants exhibited no obvious codon usage preference. These results suggested that the gibberellin oxidase genes were more primitive. The gene expression pattern was analyzed in different organs subjected to multiple abiotic stresses, including GA, abscisic acid (ABA), and chlormequat (CCC) treatment, by RNA-seq and qRT-PCR, and the stress- and phytohormone-responsive cis-elements were counted. The results showed that the synthesis and decomposition of GA were regulated by different LcGAox genes in the vegetative and reproductive organs of L. chinense, and only LcGA2ox1,4, and 7 responded to the NaCl, polyethylene glycol, 4 °C, GA, ABA, and CCC treatment in the roots, stems, and leaves of seedlings at different time periods, revealing the potential role of LcGAox in stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (L.H.); (Z.H.); (Y.L.); (G.X.); (Z.C.); (H.Q.); (T.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Pengkai Wang
- College of Horticulture Technology, Suzhou Polytechnic Institute of Agriculture, Suzhou 215000, China;
| | - Zhaodong Hao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (L.H.); (Z.H.); (Y.L.); (G.X.); (Z.C.); (H.Q.); (T.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Ye Lu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (L.H.); (Z.H.); (Y.L.); (G.X.); (Z.C.); (H.Q.); (T.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Guoxia Xue
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (L.H.); (Z.H.); (Y.L.); (G.X.); (Z.C.); (H.Q.); (T.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Zijian Cao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (L.H.); (Z.H.); (Y.L.); (G.X.); (Z.C.); (H.Q.); (T.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Haoxian Qu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (L.H.); (Z.H.); (Y.L.); (G.X.); (Z.C.); (H.Q.); (T.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Tielong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (L.H.); (Z.H.); (Y.L.); (G.X.); (Z.C.); (H.Q.); (T.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Jisen Shi
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (L.H.); (Z.H.); (Y.L.); (G.X.); (Z.C.); (H.Q.); (T.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Jinhui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (L.H.); (Z.H.); (Y.L.); (G.X.); (Z.C.); (H.Q.); (T.C.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-025-85428817-83
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Xu D, Xie Y, Guo H, Zeng W, Xiong H, Zhao L, Gu J, Zhao S, Ding Y, Liu L. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals a Potential Role of Benzoxazinoid in Regulating Stem Elongation in the Wheat Mutant qd. Front Genet 2021; 12:623861. [PMID: 33633784 PMCID: PMC7900560 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.623861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The stems of cereal crops provide both mechanical support for lodging resistance and a nutrient supply for reproductive organs. Elongation, which is considered a critical phase for yield determination in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), begins from the first node detectable to anthesis. Previously, we characterized a heavy ion beam triggered wheat mutant qd, which exhibited an altered stem elongation pattern without affecting mature plant height. In this study, we further analyzed mutant stem developmental characteristics by using transcriptome data. More than 40.87 Mb of clean reads including at least 36.61 Mb of unique mapped reads were obtained for each biological sample in this project. We utilized our transcriptome data to identify 124,971 genes. Among these genes, 4,340 differentially expressed genes (DEG) were identified between the qd and wild-type (WT) plants. Compared to their WT counterparts, qd plants expressed 2,462 DEGs with downregulated expression levels and 1878 DEGs with upregulated expression levels. Using DEXSeq, we identified 2,391 counting bins corresponding to 1,148 genes, and 289 of them were also found in the DEG analysis, demonstrating differences between qd and WT. The 5,199 differentially expressed genes between qd and WT were employed for GO and KEGG analyses. Biological processes, including protein-DNA complex subunit organization, protein-DNA complex assembly, nucleosome organization, nucleosome assembly, and chromatin assembly, were significantly enriched by GO analysis. However, only benzoxazinoid biosynthesis pathway-associated genes were enriched by KEGG analysis. Genes encoding the benzoxazinoid biosynthesis enzymes Bx1, Bx3, Bx4, Bx5, and Bx8_9 were confirmed to be differentially expressed between qd and WT. Our results suggest that benzoxazinoids could play critical roles in regulating the stem elongation phenotype of qd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daxing Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Yongdun Xie
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Huijun Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Weiwei Zeng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Hongchun Xiong
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Linshu Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayu Gu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Shirong Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Yuping Ding
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Luxiang Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, China
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Wang P, Sun X, Zhang K, Fang Y, Wang J, Yang C, Li WX, Ning H. Mapping QTL/QTN and mining candidate genes for plant height and its response to planting densities in soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] through a FW-RIL population. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2021; 41:12. [PMID: 37309477 PMCID: PMC10236039 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-021-01209-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant height (PH) determines the morphology and seed yield of soybean, so it is an important breeding target, which is controlled by multiple genes and affected by plant density. In this research, it was used about a four-way recombinant inbred lines (FW-RIL) with 144 families constructed by double cross (Kenfeng 14 × Kenfeng 15) × (Heinong 48 × Kenfeng 19) as experimental materials, with the purpose to map QTL/QTN associated with PH under densities of 2.2×105 plant/ha (D1) and 3×105 plant/ha (D2) in five environments. The results showed that response of PH to densities varied in accordance to genotypes among environments. A total of 26 QTLs and 13 QTNs were identified specifically in D1; 20 QTLs and 21 QTNs were identified specifically in D2. Nine QTLs and one QTN were discovered commonly in two densities. Fifteen QTLs and 9 QTNs were repeatedly detected by multiple statistical methods, densities, or environments, which could be considered stable. Eighteen QTLs were detected, as well as 7 QTNs underlying responses of PH to density increment. Six QTNs, co-located in the interval of QTL, were detected in more than two environments or methods with a longer genome length over 3000 kb. Based on gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, five genes were predicted as candidates, which were likely to be involved in growth and development of PH. The results will help elucidate the genetic basis and improve molecular assistant selection of PH. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-021-01209-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding/Genetics, Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, China
| | - Xu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding/Genetics, Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Kaixin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding/Genetics, Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanlong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding/Genetics, Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiajing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding/Genetics, Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding/Genetics, Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Wen-Xia Li
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding/Genetics, Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Hailong Ning
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding/Genetics, Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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14
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Comprehensive Analysis of Cucumber Gibberellin Oxidase Family Genes and Functional Characterization of CsGA20ox1 in Root Development in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103135. [PMID: 30322023 PMCID: PMC6213227 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is an important vegetable crop worldwide and gibberellins (GAs) play important roles in the regulation of cucumber developmental and growth processes. GA oxidases (GAoxs), which are encoded by different gene subfamilies, are particularly important in regulating bioactive GA levels by catalyzing the later steps in the biosynthetic pathway. Although GAoxs are critical enzymes in GA synthesis pathway, little is known about GAox genes in cucumber, in particular about their evolutionary relationships, expression profiles and biological function. In this study, we identified 17 GAox genes in cucumber genome and classified them into five subfamilies based on a phylogenetic tree, gene structures, and conserved motifs. Synteny analysis indicated that the tandem duplication or segmental duplication events played a minor role in the expansion of cucumber GA2ox, GA3ox and GA7ox gene families. Comparative syntenic analysis combined with phylogenetic analysis provided deep insight into the phylogenetic relationships of CsGAox genes and suggested that protein homology CsGAox are closer to AtGAox than OsGAox. In addition, candidate transcription factors BBR/BPC (BARLEY B RECOMBINANT/BASIC PENTACYSTEINE) and GRAS (GIBBERELLIC ACID-INSENSITIVE, REPRESSOR of GAI, and SCARECROW) which may directly bind promoters of CsGAox genes were predicted. Expression profiles derived from transcriptome data indicated that some CsGAox genes, especially CsGA20ox1, are highly expressed in seedling roots and were down-regulated under GA3 treatment. Ectopic over-expression of CsGA20ox1 in Arabidopsis significantly increased primary root length and lateral root number. Taken together, comprehensive analysis of CsGAoxs would provide a basis for understanding the evolution and function of the CsGAox family.
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Liu X, Lv S, Liu R, Fan S, Liu C, Liu R, Han Y. Transcriptomic analysis reveals the roles of gibberellin-regulated genes and transcription factors in regulating bolting in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191518. [PMID: 29415067 PMCID: PMC5802892 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A cool temperature is preferred for lettuce cultivation, as high temperatures cause premature bolting. Accordingly, exploring the mechanism of bolting and preventing premature bolting is important for agriculture. To explore this relationship in depth, morphological, physiological, and transcriptomic analyses of the bolting-sensitive line S39 at the five-leaf stage grown at 37°C were performed in the present study. Based on paraffin section results, we observed that S39 began bolting on the seventh day at 37°C. During bolting in the heat-treated plants, GA3 and GA4 levels in leaves and the indoleacetic acid (IAA) level in the stem reached a maximum on the sixth day, and these high contents were maintained. Additionally, bolting begins in the fifth day after GA3 treatment in S39 plants, GA3 and GA4 increased and then decreased, reaching a maximum on the fourth day in leaves. Similarly, IAA contents reached a maximum in the stem on the fifth day. No bolting was observed in the control group grown at 25°C, and significant changes were not observed in GA3 and GA4 levels in the controls during the observation period. RNA-sequencing data implicated transcription factors (TFs) in regulating bolting in lettuce, suggesting that the high GA contents in the leaves and IAA in the stem promote bolting. TFs possibly modulate the expression of related genes, such as those encoding hormones, potentially regulating bolting in lettuce. Compared to the control group, 258 TFs were identified in the stem of the treatment group, among which 98 and 156 were differentially up- and down-regulated, respectively; in leaves, 202 and 115 TFs were differentially up- and down-regulated, respectively. Significant changes in the treated group were observed for C2H2 zinc finger, AP2-EREBP, and WRKY families, indicating that these TFs may play important roles in regulating bolting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Liu
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture/New Technological Laboratory in Agriculture Application in Beijing/ Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture P. R. China, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Lv
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ran Liu
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture/New Technological Laboratory in Agriculture Application in Beijing/ Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture P. R. China, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangxi Fan
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture/New Technological Laboratory in Agriculture Application in Beijing/ Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture P. R. China, Beijing, China
| | - Chaojie Liu
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture/New Technological Laboratory in Agriculture Application in Beijing/ Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture P. R. China, Beijing, China
| | - Renyi Liu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingyan Han
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture/New Technological Laboratory in Agriculture Application in Beijing/ Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture P. R. China, Beijing, China
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