1
|
Yu X, Huang Z, Cheng Y, Hu K, Zhou Y, Yao H, Shen J, Huang Y, Zhuang X, Cai Y. Comparative Genomics Screens Identify a Novel Small Secretory Peptide, SlSolP12, which Activates Both Local and Systemic Immune Response in Tomatoes and Exhibits Broad-Spectrum Activity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:18507-18519. [PMID: 39113497 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c03633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Small secreted peptides (SSPs) are essential for defense mechanisms in plant-microbe interactions, acting as danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Despite the first discovery of SSPs over three decades ago, only a limited number of SSP families, particularly within Solanaceae plants, have been identified due to inefficient approaches. This study employed comparative genomics screens with Solanaceae proteomes (tomato, tobacco, and pepper) to discover a novel SSP family, SolP. Bioinformatics analysis suggests that SolP may serve as an endogenous signal initiating the plant PTI response. Interestingly, SolP family members from tomato, tobacco, and pepper share an identical sequence (VTSNALALVNRFAD), named SlSolP12 (also referred to as NtSolP15 or CaSolP1). Biochemical and phenotypic analyses revealed that synthetic SlSolP12 peptide triggers multiple defense responses: ROS burst, MAPK activation, callose deposition, stomatal closure, and expression of immune defense genes. Furthermore, SlSolP12 enhances systemic resistance against Botrytis cinerea infection in tomato plants and interferes with classical peptides, flg22 and Systemin, which modulate the immune response. Remarkably, SolP12 activates ROS in diverse plant species, such as Arabidopsis thaliana, soybean, and rice, showing a broad spectrum of biological activities. This study provides valuable approaches for identifying endogenous SSPs and highlights SlSolP12 as a novel DAMP that could serve as a useful target for crop protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosong Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625000, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhongchao Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625000, Sichuan, China
| | - Keyi Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Chengdu Lusyno Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Huipeng Yao
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinbo Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhuang
- Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yi Cai
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625000, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang S, Li R, Zhou Y, Fernie AR, Ding Z, Zhou Q, Che Y, Yao Y, Liu J, Wang Y, Hu X, Guo J. Integrated Characterization of Cassava ( Manihot esculenta) Pectin Methylesterase ( MePME) Genes to Filter Candidate Gene Responses to Multiple Abiotic Stresses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2529. [PMID: 37447090 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant pectin methylesterases (PMEs) play crucial roles in regulating cell wall modification and response to various stresses. Members of the PME family have been found in several crops, but there is a lack of research into their presence in cassava (Manihot esculent), which is an important crop for world food security. In this research, 89 MePME genes were identified in cassava that were separated into two types (type-Ⅰ and type-Ⅱ) according to the existence or absence of a pro-region (PMEI domain). The MePME gene members were unevenly located on 17 chromosomes, with 19 gene pairs being identified that most likely arose via duplication events. The MePMEs could be divided into ten sub-groups in type-Ⅰ and five sub-groups in type-Ⅱ. The motif analysis revealed 11 conserved motifs in type-Ⅰ and 8 in type-Ⅱ MePMEs. The number of introns in the CDS region of type-Ⅰ MePMEs ranged between one and two, and the number of introns in type-Ⅱ MePMEs ranged between one and nine. There were 21 type-Ⅰ and 31 type-Ⅱ MePMEs that contained signal peptides. Most of the type-Ⅰ MePMEs had two conserved "RK/RLL" and one "FPSWVS" domain between the pro-region and the PME domain. Multiple stress-, hormone- and tissue-specific-related cis-acting regulatory elements were identified in the promoter regions of MePME genes. A total of five co-expressed genes (MePME1, MePME2, MePME27, MePME65 and MePME82) were filtered from different abiotic stresses via the use of UpSet Venn diagrams. The gene expression pattern analysis revealed that the expression of MePME1 was positively correlated with the degree of cassava postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD). The expression of this gene was also significantly upregulated by 7% PEG and 14 °C low-temperature stress, but slightly downregulated by ABA treatment. The tissue-specific expression analysis revealed that MePME1 and MePME65 generally displayed higher expression levels in most tissues than the other co-expressed genes. In this study, we obtain an in-depth understanding of the cassava PME gene family, suggesting that MePME1 could be a candidate gene associated with multiple abiotic tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shijia Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Ruimei Li
- College of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Yangjiao Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Zhongping Ding
- College of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Yannian Che
- College of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Xinwen Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- College of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Hainan Vocational University of Science and Technology, Haikou 571126, China
| | - Jianchun Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Santin M, Simoni S, Vangelisti A, Giordani T, Cavallini A, Mannucci A, Ranieri A, Castagna A. Transcriptomic Analysis on the Peel of UV-B-Exposed Peach Fruit Reveals an Upregulation of Phenolic- and UVR8-Related Pathways. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091818. [PMID: 37176875 PMCID: PMC10180693 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
UV-B treatment deeply influences plant physiology and biochemistry, especially by activating the expression of responsive genes involved in UV-B acclimation through a UV-B-specific perception mechanism. Although the UV-B-related molecular responses have been widely studied in Arabidopsis, relatively few research reports deepen the knowledge on the influence of post-harvest UV-B treatment on fruit. In this work, a transcriptomic approach is adopted to investigate the transcriptional modifications occurring in the peel of UV-B-treated peach (Prunus persica L., cv Fairtime) fruit after harvest. Our analysis reveals a higher gene regulation after 1 h from the irradiation (88% of the differentially expressed genes-DEGs), compared to 3 h recovery. The overexpression of genes encoding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chalcone syntase (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI), and flavonol synthase (FLS) revealed a strong activation of the phenylpropanoid pathway, resulting in the later increase in the concentration of specific flavonoid classes, e.g., anthocyanins, flavones, dihydroflavonols, and flavanones, 36 h after the treatment. Upregulation of UVR8-related genes (HY5, COP1, and RUP) suggests that UV-B-triggered activation of the UVR8 pathway occurs also in post-harvest peach fruit. In addition, a regulation of genes involved in the cell-wall dismantling process (PME) is observed. In conclusion, post-harvest UV-B exposure deeply affects the transcriptome of the peach peel, promoting the activation of genes implicated in the biosynthesis of phenolics, likely via UVR8. Thus, our results might pave the way to a possible use of post-harvest UV-B treatments to enhance the content of health-promoting compounds in peach fruits and extending the knowledge of the UVR8 gene network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Santin
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Samuel Simoni
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alberto Vangelisti
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Tommaso Giordani
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood ''Nutraceuticals and Food for Health'', University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Cavallini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood ''Nutraceuticals and Food for Health'', University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessia Mannucci
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Annamaria Ranieri
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood ''Nutraceuticals and Food for Health'', University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonella Castagna
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood ''Nutraceuticals and Food for Health'', University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lubini G, Ferreira PB, Quiapim AC, Brito MS, Cossalter V, Pranchevicius MCS, Goldman MHS. Silencing of a Pectin Acetylesterase (PAE) Gene Highly Expressed in Tobacco Pistils Negatively Affects Pollen Tube Growth. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:329. [PMID: 36679042 PMCID: PMC9864977 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Successful plant reproduction and fruit formation depend on adequate pollen and pistil development, and pollen-pistil interactions. In Nicotiana tabacum, pollen tubes grow through the intercellular spaces of pistil-specialized tissues, stigmatic secretory zone, and stylar transmitting tissue (STT). These intercellular spaces are supposed to be formed by the modulation of cell wall pectin esterification. Previously we have identified a gene preferentially expressed in pistils encoding a putative pectin acetylesterase (PAE), named NtPAE1. Here, we characterized the NtPAE1 gene and performed genome-wide and phylogenetic analyses of PAEs. We identified 30 PAE sequences in the N. tabacum genome, distributed in four clades. The expression of NtPAE1 was assessed by RT-qPCR and in situ hybridization. We confirmed NtPAE1 preferential expression in stigmas/styles and ovaries and demonstrated its high expression in the STT. Structural predictions and comparisons between NtPAE1 and functional enzymes validated its identity as a PAE. Transgenic plants were produced, overexpressing and silencing the NtPAE1 gene. Overexpressed plants displayed smaller flowers while silencing plants exhibited collapsed pollen grains, which hardly germinate. NtPAE1 silencing plants do not produce fruits, due to impaired pollen tube growth in their STTs. Thus, NtPAE1 is an essential enzyme regulating pectin modifications in flowers and, ultimately, in plant reproduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Greice Lubini
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro Boscariol Ferreira
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil
- PPG-Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Andréa Carla Quiapim
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil
| | - Michael Santos Brito
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil
| | - Viviane Cossalter
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Helena S. Goldman
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil
- PPG-Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cheng M, Meng F, Qi H, Mo F, Wang P, Chen X, Wang A. Escaping drought: The pectin methylesterase inhibitor gene Slpmei27 can significantly change drought resistance in tomato. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 192:207-217. [PMID: 36265205 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress will lead to a decrease in tomato yield and poor flavour, yield and quality, resulting in economic losses in agricultural production. Mining the key genes regulating tomato drought resistance is of great significance to improve the drought resistance of tomato plants. The cell wall can directly participate in the plant drought stress response as one of the main components of the cell wall, and the regulation of pectin content in plant drought resistance is still unclear. Here, the candidate gene Solyc08g006690 (Slpmei27) was obtained by fine mapping based on genome sequencing technology (BSA-seq) of late-maturing stress-resistant tomato mutants found in the field. Slpmei27 is expressed in the cell wall. The transient silencing of Slpmei27 by VIGS significantly improved the drought resistance of tomato. Meanwhile, Slpmei27 silencing could significantly change the cell wall structure of plants, change the stomatal pass rate, reduce the water loss rate of plants, improve the scavenging ability of reactive oxygen species, change the redox balance in plants, and thus improve the drought resistance of tomato. The promoter region of this gene contains a large number of hormone-response and stress-response binding sites. The promoter region of the Slpmei27 gene in the mutant could lower the expression of downstream genes. Through this study, the mechanism by which Slpmei27 improves tomato drought resistance was revealed, and the relationship between pectin methyl ester metabolism and plant drought resistance was established, providing a theoretical basis for the production of high-quality tomato materials with high drought resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mozhen Cheng
- College of School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin, China.
| | - Fanyue Meng
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin, China; College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Haonan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin, China; College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Fulei Mo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin, China; College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Peiwen Wang
- College of School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Xiuling Chen
- College of School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin, China.
| | - Aoxue Wang
- College of School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin, China; College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang D, Jin S, Chen Z, Shan Y, Li L. Genome-wide identification of the pectin methylesterase inhibitor genes in Brassica napus and expression analysis of selected members. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:940284. [PMID: 35937343 PMCID: PMC9354821 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.940284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pectin methylesterase inhibitors (PMEIs) modulate the status of pectin methylesterification by inhibiting the activity of pectin methylesterase (PME). Recent advances indicate PMEIs play an important role in regulating plant cell wall properties and defense responses. In this study, a genome-wide analysis of PMEI gene family in Brassica napus (B. napus) was conducted and the expression patterns of PMEI genes in response to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (S. sclerotiorum) was investigated. A total of 190 PMEI proteins were identified from the genome of B. napus. Chromosomal location, gene structure and properties of the PMEI family were analyzed, and these features were compared with Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana). A total of 123 syntenic ortholog pairs were detected from BnPMEI family by synteny analysis. Results showed the expansion of BnPMEI genes was likely predominately from whole-genome duplication (WGD) or segmental duplications. Multiple cis-elements related to plant growth and development, environmental stress responses, hormone responses were detected in the promoters of BnPMEI genes, implying they were regulated by both internal and external factors. Furthermore, expression analysis of transcriptome data combined with quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) validation identified several candidates that were strongly responsive to S. sclerotiorum infection. These BnPMEI genes are candidates for manipulation to breed novel and improved genotypes that are more resistant to sclerotinia stem rot (SSR). Extensive interactions were detected among 30 BnPMEI proteins, forming complex protein-protein interaction networks. Besides, 48 BnPMEIs showed interactions with other proteins including a range of cell wall structure-related enzymes. This study provides new insights into the evolution and function of PMEIs in B. napus and lays a foundation for breeding novel genotypes for crop improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duoduo Wang
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Shunda Jin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Tree Biology of Hainan Province, Haikou, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Tree Biology of Hainan Province, Haikou, China
| | - Yue Shan
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
FvMYB79 Positively Regulates Strawberry Fruit Softening via Transcriptional Activation of FvPME38. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010101. [PMID: 35008526 PMCID: PMC8744888 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Strawberry is a soft fruit with short postharvest life, due to a rapid loss of firmness. Pectin methylesterase (PME)-mediated cell wall remodeling is important to determine fruit firmness and softening. Previously, we have verified the essential role of FvPME38 in regulation of PME-mediated strawberry fruit softening. However, the regulatory network involved in PME-mediated fruit softening is still largely unknown. Here, we identified an R2R3-type MYB transcription factor FvMYB79, which activates the expression level of FvPME38, thereby accelerating fruit softening. During fruit development, FvMYB79 co-expressed with FvPME38, and this co-expression pattern was opposite to the change of fruit firmness in the fruit of 'Ruegen' which significantly decreased during fruit developmental stages and suddenly became very low after the color turning stage. Via transient transformation, FvMYB79 could significantly increase the transcriptional level of FvPME38, leading to a decrease of firmness and acceleration of fruit ripening. In addition, silencing of FvMYB79 showed an insensitivity to ABA-induced fruit ripening, suggesting a possible involvement of FvMYB79 in the ABA-dependent fruit softening process. Our findings suggest FvMYB79 acts as a novel regulator during strawberry ripening via transcriptional activation of FvPME38, which provides a novel mechanism for improvement of strawberry fruit firmness.
Collapse
|
8
|
Li Y, Zheng X, Wang C, Hou D, Li T, Li D, Ma C, Sun Z, Tian Y. Pear xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolases PcBRU1 promotes stem growth through regulating cell wall elongation. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 312:111026. [PMID: 34620431 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) play numerous important roles in plant growth and development. Previous studies reported that BRs could promote stem growth by regulating the expression of xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolases (XTHs). However, the mechanism of XTHs involved in stem growth remains unclear. In this study, PcBRU1, which belonged to the XTH family, was upregulated by exogenous BL treatment in Pyrus communis. The expression of PcBRU1 was highest in stems and lowest in leaves. Subcellular localization analysis indicated that PcBRU1 was located in the plasma membrane. Furthermore, overexpressing PcBRU1 in tobaccos promoted the plant height and internode length. Electron microscopy and anatomical structure analysis showed that the cell wall was significantly thinner and the cells were slenderer in transgenic tobacco lines overexpressing PcBRU1 than in wild-type tobaccos. PcBRU1 promoted stem growth as it loosened the cell wall, leading to the change in cell morphology. In addition, overexpressing PcBRU1 altered the root development and leaf shape of transgenic tobaccos. Taken together, the results could provide a theoretical basis for the XTH family in regulating cell-wall elongation and stem growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuchao Li
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Caihong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Dongliang Hou
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Tingting Li
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Dingli Li
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Changqing Ma
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Zhijuan Sun
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao, 266109, China; College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yike Tian
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bakshi G, Ananthanarayan L. Isolation, purification, and characterization of pectin methylesterase inhibitor and polygalacturonase inhibitor protein from Indian lemon (Citrus limon L.). PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 189:112802. [PMID: 34153568 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Proteins acting as powerful inhibitors of plant pectin methylesterase and polygalacturonase were isolated from whole lemon fruits (Citrus limon L.). Pectin methylesterase inhibitor (PMEI) and polygalacturonase inhibitor protein (PGIP) were purified using DEAE Sepharose column, resulting in fold purity of 89.13 and 81.16 and having a molecular mass of 35 and 38 kDa, respectively as estimated using SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopy. The optimum pH of purified PMEI and PGIP was pH 6 and pH 4.5 while the inhibitors showed good stability in the pH range of 5-8 and 3.5 to 5.5, respectively. Both the inhibitors from C. limon demonstrated an optimum temperature of 55 °C. Thermal inactivation data suggested that purified PGIP was more heat stable than PMEI. The inhibition kinetics of PMEI and PGIP towards C. limon PME and C. limon PG was of a non-competitive type. Both PMEI and PGIP obeyed first-order inactivation kinetics. The PMEI and PGIP exhibited different extent of inhibition towards PME and PG from other fruit sources analyzed in this study. As these inhibitors inhibit PME and PG from other plant sources they can be used in fruit-based products to control undesirable endogenous enzyme activities as an alternative to thermal processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Bakshi
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, Maharashtra, India
| | - Laxmi Ananthanarayan
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, Maharashtra, India.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wen B, Zhang F, Wu X, Li H. Characterization of the Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum) Pectin Methylesterases: Evolution, Activity of Isoforms and Expression During Fruit Ripening. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:238. [PMID: 32194610 PMCID: PMC7063471 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Pectin methylesterase (PME, EC 3.1.1.11) is a hydrolytic enzyme of pectin that plays multiple roles in different plant development processes and responses to biotic stress. To characterize the molecular evolution and functional divergence of the PME gene family, a genome-wide analysis of the PME gene family in the tomato was performed. In total, 57 non-redundant PME genes were identified, and these PME genes were divided into five groups based on their phylogeneny; their classification was supported by similar gene structures and domain distributions. The PME genes were found to be unevenly distributed among 12 chromosomes of the tomato. In addition, 11 segmental duplication and 11 tandem duplication events occurred in these PME genes, implying that both contributed to the expansion of the tomato PME gene family. Non-synonymous/synonymous mutation ratio analysis revealed that positive selection played a key role in the functional divergence of PME genes. Interspecific collinear analysis indicated a large divergence in the PME gene family after the divergence of monocot and dicot plants in ancient times. Gene expression pattern analysis suggested that PMEs plays roles in the different parts of the tomato plant, including the fruit. Three newly identified candidate genes (Solyc03g083360, Solyc07g071600, and Solyc12g098340) may have functions during fruit ripening. Immunoassays suggested that the tomato isoform PE1 and PE2 may change pectin structure at cell junctions, which could be associated with fruit softening. In addition, our analysis indicate that two undescribed PE isoforms might be active in leaves and fruits. This study increases our understanding of the PME gene family in the tomato and may facilitate further functional analyses to elucidate PME function, especially during fruit ripening.
Collapse
|
11
|
Ren A, Ahmed RI, Chen H, Han L, Sun J, Ding A, Guo Y, Kong Y. Genome-Wide Identification, Characterization and Expression Patterns of the Pectin Methylesterase Inhibitor Genes in Sorghum bicolor. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E755. [PMID: 31561536 PMCID: PMC6826626 DOI: 10.3390/genes10100755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell walls are basically complex with dynamic structures that are being involved in several growth and developmental processes, as well as responses to environmental stresses and the defense mechanism. Pectin is secreted into the cell wall in a highly methylesterified form. It is able to perform function after the de-methylesterification by pectin methylesterase (PME). Whereas, the pectin methylesterase inhibitor (PMEI) plays a key role in plant cell wall modification through inhibiting the PME activity. It provides pectin with different levels of degree of methylesterification to affect the cell wall structures and properties. The PME activity was analyzed in six tissues of Sorghum bicolor, and found a high level in the leaf and leaf sheath. PMEI families have been identified in many plant species. Here, a total of 55 pectin methylesterase inhibitor genes (PMEIs) were identified from S. bicolor whole genome, a more detailed annotation of this crop plant as compared to the previous study. Chromosomal localization, gene structures and sequence characterization of the PMEI family were analyzed. Moreover, cis-acting elements analysis revealed that each PMEI gene was regulated by both internal and environmental factors. The expression patterns of each PMEI gene were also clustered according to expression pattern analyzed in 47 tissues under different developmental stages. Furthermore, some SbPMEIs were induced when treated with hormonal and abiotic stress. Taken together, these results laid a strong foundation for further study of the functions of SbPMEIs and pectin modification during plant growth and stress responses of cereal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angyan Ren
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Rana Imtiaz Ahmed
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
- Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad 38850, Pakistan.
| | - Huanyu Chen
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shijiazhuang 050021, China.
| | - Linhe Han
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Jinhao Sun
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Anming Ding
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Yongfeng Guo
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Yingzhen Kong
- College of Agronomy of Qing Dao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266108, China.
| |
Collapse
|