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Kaya C, Ashraf M, Alyemeni MN, Rinklebe J, Ahmad P. Alleviation of arsenic toxicity in pepper plants by aminolevulinic acid and heme through modulating its sequestration and distribution within cell organelles. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 330:121747. [PMID: 37146870 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is essential for chlorophyll and heme synthesis. However, whether heme interacts with ALA to elicit antioxidants in arsenic (As)-exposed plants is still unknown. ALA was applied daily to pepper plants for 3 days prior to beginning As stress (As-S). Then, As-S was initiated for 14 days by employing sodium hydrogen arsenate heptahydrate (0.1 mM AsV). Arsenic treatment decreased photosynthetic pigments (chl a by 38% and chl b by 28%), biomass by 24%, and heme by 47% content, but it elevated contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) by 3.3-fold, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by 2.3-fold, glutathione (GSH), methylglyoxal (MG), and phytochelatins (PCs) and electrolyte leakage (EL) by 2.3-fold along with enhanced subcellular As concentration in the pepper plant's roots and leaves. The supplementation of ALA to the As-S-pepper seedlings enhanced the amount of chlorophyll, heme content, and antioxidant enzyme activity as well as plant growth, while it reduced the levels of H2O2, MDA, and EL. ALA boosted GSH and phytochelates (PCs) in the As-S-seedlings by controlling As sequestration and rendering it harmless. The addition of ALA enhanced the amount of As that accumulated in the root vacuoles and reduced the poisonousness of the soluble As in the vacuoles. The ALA treatment facilitated the deposition and fixation of As in the vacuoles and cell walls, thereby reducing the transport of As to other cell organelles. This mechanism may have contributed to the observed decrease in As accumulation in the leaves. The administration of 0.5 mM hemin (H) (a source of heme) significantly enhanced ALA-induced arsenic stress tolerance. Hemopexin (Hx, 0.4 μg L-1), a heme scavenger, was treated with the As-S plants along with ALA and ALA + H to observe if heme was a factor in ALA's increased As-S tolerance. Heme synthesis/accumulation in the pepper plants was reduced by Hx, which counteracted the positive effects of ALA. Supplementation of H along with ALA + Hx reversed the negative effects of Hx, demonstrating that heme is required for ALA-induced seedling As-S tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cengiz Kaya
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey.
| | - Muhammed Ashraf
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Pakistan; International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences, The University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water and Waste Management, Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany. GDC, Pulwama, 192301, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Xu X, Liu W, Liu X, Cao Y, Li X, Wang G, Fu C, Fu J. Genetic manipulation of bermudagrass photosynthetic biosynthesis using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13710. [PMID: 35567521 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bermudagrass is one of the most extensively used warm-season grasses. It is widely used in landscaping, stadium construction and soil remediation due to its excellent regeneration, trampling and stress tolerances. However, studies on its regulatory mechanism and variety improvement by genetic engineering are still at a standstill, owing to its genetic variability and intrinsic limits linked with some resistance to Agrobacterium infection. In this study, we established a higher efficient Agrobacterium-mediated transformation via screening for vital embryogenic callus and improving infection efficiency. The superior callus was light yellow, hard granular and compact, determined with a differentiation rate of more than 95%. The optimized infestation courses by gentle shaking, vacuuming and sonicating were used. The infested calluses were co-cultured for 3 days, followed by desiccation treatments for 1 day to get higher infection efficiency. Then the CdHEMA1 gene, essential for chlorophyll biosynthesis, was cloned and transferred into bermudagrass to validate the aforementioned optimization procedures integrally. Molecular-level analyses indicated that the CdHEMA1 gene had successfully integrated and was greatly increased in transgenic seedlings. Results of the photosynthetic capacity assessment showed that CdHEMA1 overexpression may considerably enhance the contents of photosynthetic pigments, OJIP curve and reaction center density (RC/CSo) to absorb (ABS/CSo, ABS/CSM) and capture (TRo/CSo) more light energy, hence improve the performance indices PIABS and PICS compared to the wild type. The successful completion of this project would provide a solid platform for further gene function study and molecular breeding of bermudagrass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xu
- Coastal Salinity Tolerant Grass Engineering and Technology Research Center, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics and CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Coastal Salinity Tolerant Grass Engineering and Technology Research Center, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Yingping Cao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics and CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoning Li
- Coastal Salinity Tolerant Grass Engineering and Technology Research Center, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Guangyang Wang
- Coastal Salinity Tolerant Grass Engineering and Technology Research Center, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Chunxiang Fu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics and CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinmin Fu
- Coastal Salinity Tolerant Grass Engineering and Technology Research Center, Ludong University, Yantai, China
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Alexander A, Singh VK, Mishra A. Overexpression of differentially expressed AhCytb6 gene during plant-microbe interaction improves tolerance to N 2 deficit and salt stress in transgenic tobacco. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13435. [PMID: 34183701 PMCID: PMC8239016 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92424-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia has plant growth-promoting potential, and interaction with Arachis hypogaea changes host-plant physiology, biochemistry, and metabolomics, which provides tolerance under the N2 starvation conditions. About 226 suppression subtractive hybridization clones were obtained from plant-microbe interaction, of which, about 62% of gene sequences were uncharacterized, whereas 23% of sequences were involved in photosynthesis. An uncharacterized SSH clone, SM409 (full-length sequence showed resemblance with Cytb6), showed about 4-fold upregulation during the interaction was transformed to tobacco for functional validation. Overexpression of the AhCytb6 gene enhanced the seed germination efficiency and plant growth under N2 deficit and salt stress conditions compared to wild-type and vector control plants. Results confirmed that transgenic lines maintained high photosynthesis and protected plants from reactive oxygen species buildup during stress conditions. Microarray-based whole-transcript expression of host plants showed that out of 272,410 genes, 8704 and 24,409 genes were significantly (p < 0.05) differentially expressed (> 2 up or down-regulated) under N2 starvation and salt stress conditions, respectively. The differentially expressed genes belonged to different regulatory pathways. Overall, results suggested that overexpression of AhCytb6 regulates the expression of various genes to enhance plant growth under N2 deficit and abiotic stress conditions by modulating plant physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Alexander
- Division of Applied Phycology and Biotechnology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Vijay K Singh
- Division of Applied Phycology and Biotechnology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364002, India
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Avinash Mishra
- Division of Applied Phycology and Biotechnology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364002, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR, Ghaziabad, India.
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Meng DY, Yang S, Xing JY, Ma NN, Wang BZ, Qiu FT, Guo F, Meng J, Zhang JL, Wan SB, Li XG. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase confers transgenic tobacco with elevated tolerance to salt stress. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2021; 23:341-350. [PMID: 32808478 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines play an important role in stress response. In the pathway of polyamines synthesis, S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC) is one of the key enzymes. In this study, a full length cDNA of SAMDC (AhSAMDC) was isolated from peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Phylogenetic analysis revealed high sequence similarity between AhSAMDC and SAMDC from other plants. In peanut seedlings exposed to sodium chloride (NaCl), the transcript level of AhSAMDC in roots was the highest at 24 h that decreased sharply at 72 and 96 h after 150 mM NaCl treatment. However, the expression of AhSAMDC in peanut leaves was significantly inhibited, and the transcript levels in leaves were not different compared with control These results implied the tissue-specific and time-specific expression of AhSAMDC. The physiological effects and functional mechanism of AhSAMDC were further evaluated by overexpressing AhSAMDC in tobaccos. The transgenic tobacco lines exhibited higher germination rate and longer root length under salt stress. Reduced membrane damage, higher antioxidant enzyme activity, and higher proline content were also observed in the transgenic tobacco seedlings. What's more, AhSAMDC also led to higher contents of spermidine and spermine, which can help to scavenge reactive oxygen species. Together, this study suggests that AhSAMDC enhances plant resistance to salt stress by improving polyamine content and alleviating membrane damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- D-Y Meng
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan, China
| | - S Yang
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan, China
| | - J-Y Xing
- College of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - N-N Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, China
| | - B-Z Wang
- College of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - F-T Qiu
- College of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - F Guo
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan, China
| | - J Meng
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan, China
| | - J-L Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan, China
| | - S-B Wan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Ji'nan, China
| | - X-G Li
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan, China
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Zhang J, Sui C, Liu H, Chen J, Han Z, Yan Q, Liu S, Liu H. Effect of chlorophyll biosynthesis-related genes on the leaf color in Hosta (Hosta plantaginea Aschers) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:45. [PMID: 33451287 PMCID: PMC7811250 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02805-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 'Regal Splendour' (Hosta variety) is famous for its multi-color leaves, which are useful resources for exploring chloroplast development and color changes. The expressions of chlorophyll biosynthesis-related genes (HrHEMA, HrPOR and HrCAO) in Hosta have been demonstrated to be associated with leaf color. Herein, we isolated, sequenced, and analyzed HrHEMA, HrPOR and HrCAO genes. Subcellular localization was also performed to determine the location of the corresponding enzymes. After plasmid construction, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) was carried out to reduce the expressions of those genes. In addition, HrHEMA-, HrPOR- and HrCAO-overexpressing tobacco plants were made to verify the genes function. Changes of transgenic tobacco were recorded under 2000 lx, 6000 lx and 10,000 lx light intensity. Additionally, the contents of enzyme 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), porphobilinogen (PBG), chlorophyll a and b (Chla and Chlb), carotenoid (Cxc), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), malondialdehyde (MDA), proline (Pro) and catalase (CAT) under different light intensities were evaluated. RESULTS The silencing of HrHEMA, HrPOR and HrCAO genes can induce leaf yellowing and chloroplast structure changes in Hosta. Specifically, leaves of Hosta with HrCAO silencing were the most affected, while those with HrPOR silencing were the least affected. Moreover, all three genes in tobacco were highly expressed, whereas no expression was detected in wild-type (WT). However, the sensitivities of the three genes to different light intensities were different. The highest expression level of HrHEMA and HrPOR was detected under 10,000 lx of illumination, while HrCAO showed the highest expression level under 6000 lx. Lastly, the 5-ALA, Chla, Cxc, SOD, POD, MDA, Pro and CAT contents in different transgenic tobaccos changed significantly under different light intensities. CONCLUSION The overexpression of these three genes in tobacco enhanced photosynthesis by accumulating chlorophyll content, but the influential level varied under different light intensities. Furthermore, HrHEMA-, HrPOR- and HrCAO- overexpressing in tobacco can enhance the antioxidant capacity of plants to cope with stress under higher light intensity. However, under lower light intensity, the antioxidant capacity was declined in HrHEMA-, HrPOR- and HrCAO- overexpressing tobaccos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingying Zhang
- College of Life sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun City, 130000, People's Republic of China
| | - Changhai Sui
- College of Life sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun City, 130000, People's Republic of China
- Jilin Engineering Vocational College, Siping City, Jilin, 136000, People's Republic of China
| | - Huimin Liu
- College of Life sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun City, 130000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinjiao Chen
- College of Life sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun City, 130000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhilin Han
- College of Life sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun City, 130000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Yan
- College of Life sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun City, 130000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuying Liu
- College of Life sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun City, 130000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongzhang Liu
- College of Life sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun City, 130000, People's Republic of China.
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Transcriptome skimming of lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) cultivars with contrast reaction to salt stress. Funct Integr Genomics 2021; 21:139-156. [PMID: 33389259 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-020-00766-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Extensive transcriptomic skimming was conducted to decipher molecular, morphological, physiological, and biochemical responses in salt-tolerant (PDL-1) and salt-sensitive (L-4076) cultivars under control (0 mM NaCl) and salinity stress (120 mM NaCl) conditions at seedling stage. Morphological, physiological, and biochemical studies revealed that PDL-1 exhibited no salt injury and had higher K+/Na+ ratio, relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll, glycine betaine, and soluble sugars in leaves while lower H2O2 induced fluorescence signals in roots as compared to L-4076. Transcriptomic profile revealed a total of 17,433 significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under different treatments and cultivar combinations that include 2557 upregulated and 1533 downregulated transcripts between contrasting cultivars under salt stress. Accuracy of transcriptomic analysis was validated through quantification of 10 DEGs via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). DEGs were functionally characterized by Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and assigned to various metabolic pathways using MapMan. DEGs were found to be significantly associated with phytohormone-mediated signal transduction, cellular redox homoeostasis, secondary metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, and cellular stress signaling. The present study revealed putative molecular mechanism of salinity tolerance in lentil together with identification of 5643 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and 176,433 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) which can be utilized to enhance linkage maps density along with detection of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with traits of interests. Stress-related pathways identified in this study divulged plant functioning that can be targeted to improve salinity stress tolerance in crop species.
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