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He L, Ding X, Jin H, Zhang H, Cui J, Chu J, Li R, Zhou Q, Yu J. Comparison of rockwool and coir for greenhouse cucumber production: chemical element, plant growth, and fruit quality. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10930. [PMID: 36262298 PMCID: PMC9573875 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Replacing rockwool with more sustainable materials, such as coir, is an effective measure to improve the sustainability of soilless cultivation in the greenhouse. To comprehensively assess the feasibility of coir before using it widely, coir was compared to rockwool as a cucumber cultivation substrate to evaluate its performance on mineral elements in the substrates, drainage, and in the plants. Plant growth, amino acids, and flavor substances of cucumber fruits were also compared between the two substrates. Compared to rockwool, coir significantly increased the LAI and yield of cucumber crops as well as contents of Ca, Mg, S, Cl and Zn in leaves and fruits. Contents of P, K, Ca, Mg, Cl, Zn, and B in the substrate were higher for coir while those of Fe, Cu, and Mn in the drainage lower. Moreover, coir also significantly increased contents of amino acids (His, Leu, Ile, Phe, Lys, Asp, Glu and Pro) and flavor substance (TC, PS, TP, CLL, CuB, and LA) in cucumber fruits. Our results demonstrated the potential of coir as a replacement of rockwool to improve sustainability of soilless cultivation in the greenhouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhong He
- Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Xiaotao Ding
- Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Haijun Jin
- Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Jiawei Cui
- Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Jianfeng Chu
- Shaoxing Agricultural Products Testing Center, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China
| | - Rongguang Li
- Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China,College of Ecology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China,Shanghai Dushi Green Engineering Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Jizhu Yu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China,Corresponding author.
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Wei H, Movahedi A, Xu S, Zhang Y, Liu G, Aghaei-Dargiri S, Ghaderi Zefrehei M, Zhu S, Yu C, Chen Y, Zhong F, Zhang J. Genome-Wide Characterization and Expression Analysis of Fatty acid Desaturase Gene Family in Poplar. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911109. [PMID: 36232411 PMCID: PMC9570219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid desaturases (FADs) modulate carbon–carbon single bonds to form carbon–carbon double bonds in acyl chains, leading to unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) that have vital roles in plant growth and development and their response to environmental stresses. In this study, a total of 23 Populus trichocarpaFAD (PtFAD) candidates were identified from the poplar genome and clustered into seven clades, including FAB2, FAD2, FAD3/7/8, FAD5, FAD6, DSD, and SLD. The exon–intron compositions and conserved motifs of the PtFADs, clustered into the same clade, were considerably conserved. It was found that segmental duplication events are predominantly attributable to the PtFAD gene family expansion. Several hormone- and stress-responsive elements in the PtFAD promoters implied that the expression of the PtFAD members was complicatedly regulated. A gene expression pattern analysis revealed that some PtFAD mRNA levels were significantly induced by abiotic stress. An interaction proteins and gene ontology (GO) analysis indicated that the PtFADs are closely associated with the UFAs biosynthesis. In addition, the UFA contents in poplars were significantly changed under drought and salt stresses, especially the ratio of linoleic and linolenic acids. The integration of the PtFAD expression patterns and UFA contents showed that the abiotic stress-induced PtFAD3/7/8 members mediating the conversion of linoleic and linolenic acids play vital roles in response to osmotic stress. This study highlights the profiles and functions of the PtFADs and identifies some valuable genes for forest improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wei
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Ali Movahedi
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Arts and Sciences, Arlington International University, Wilmington, DE 19804, USA
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (J.Z.)
| | - Songzhi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Guoyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Soheila Aghaei-Dargiri
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas 7916193145, Iran
| | - Mostafa Ghaderi Zefrehei
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj 7591874831, Iran
| | - Sheng Zhu
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Chunmei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yanhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Fei Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (J.Z.)
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Skodra C, Michailidis M, Dasenaki M, Ganopoulos I, Thomaidis NS, Tanou G, Molassiotis A. Unraveling salt-responsive tissue-specific metabolic pathways in olive tree. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:1643-1656. [PMID: 34537965 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is a serious constraint that reduces olive crop productivity. Here, we defined metabolite and gene expression changes in various tissues of olive trees (cv. "Chondrolia Chalkidikis") exposed to 75 mM NaCl for 45 days. Results showed that salinity induced foliar symptoms and impaired growth and photosynthetic parameters. The content of Na+ and Cl- in roots, xylem, phloem and leaves increased, although the Na+ levels in old leaves and Cl- in young leaves remained unaffected. Mannitol was accumulated in roots and old leaves challenged by salinity. NaCl-treated trees have a decreased TCA-associated metabolites, such as citric and malic acid, as well as changes in phenylpropanoid-associated metabolites (i.e., pinoresinol and vanillic acid) and genes (OePLRTp2 and OeCA4H). Salt treatment resulted in hydroxyl-decarboxylmethyl eleuropein aglycone accumulation and OeGTF up-regulation in new leaves, possibly suggesting that oleuropein metabolism was modified by NaCl. Tyrosine metabolism, particularly verbascoside levels and OePPO and OehisC expressions, was modulated by salinity. Both genes (e.g., OeAtF3H and OeFNSII) and metabolites (e.g., apigenin and luteolin) involved in flavonoid biosynthesis were induced in old leaves exposed to NaCl. Based on these data, we constructed an interaction scheme of changes in metabolites and transcripts across olive tissues upon salinity. Particularly, several metabolites involved in carbohydrate metabolism were reduced in roots, while many sugars, carbohydrates and flavonoids were increased in leaves. This study provided a framework for better understanding the possible mechanisms that govern the tissue-specific response of olive tree to salinity stress, with insights into molecules that can be used for olive crop improvement projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Skodra
- Department of Horticulture, Laboratory of Pomology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michail Michailidis
- Department of Horticulture, Laboratory of Pomology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Marilena Dasenaki
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Ganopoulos
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, ELGO-DEMETER, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Joint Laboratory of Horticulture, ELGO-DEMETER, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos S Thomaidis
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Tanou
- Joint Laboratory of Horticulture, ELGO-DEMETER, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources, ELGO-DEMETER, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athanassios Molassiotis
- Department of Horticulture, Laboratory of Pomology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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How to Choose a Good Marker to Analyze the Olive Germplasm ( Olea europaea L.) and Derived Products. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12101474. [PMID: 34680869 PMCID: PMC8535536 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The olive tree (Olea europaea L.) is one of the most cultivated crops in the Mediterranean basin. Its economic importance is mainly due to the intense production of table olives and oil. Cultivated varieties are characterized by high morphological and genetic variability and present a large number of synonyms and homonyms. This necessitates the introduction of a rapid and accurate system for varietal identification. In the past, the recognition of olive cultivars was based solely on analysis of the morphological traits, however, these are highly influenced by environmental conditions. Therefore, over the years, several methods based on DNA analysis were developed, allowing a more accurate and reliable varietal identification. This review aims to investigate the evolving history of olive tree characterization approaches, starting from the earlier morphological methods to the latest technologies based on molecular markers, focusing on the main applications of each approach. Furthermore, we discuss the impact of the advent of next generation sequencing and the recent sequencing of the olive genome on the strategies used for the development of new molecular markers.
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Luisa Hernández M, Dolores Sicardo M, Arjona PM, Martínez-Rivas JM. Specialized Functions of Olive FAD2 Gene Family Members Related to Fruit Development and the Abiotic Stress Response. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:427-441. [PMID: 31730170 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Three different cDNA sequences, designated OepFAD2-3, OepFAD2-4 and OepFAD2-5, encoding three microsomal oleate desaturases (FAD2) have been isolated from olive (Olea europaea cv. Picual). Sequence analysis and functional expression in yeast of the corresponding cDNAs confirm that they encode microsomal oleate desaturases. Gene expression and lipid analysis indicate that these three genes are not involved in the linoleic acid present in seed lipids, while OeFAD2-5, together with OeFAD2-2, contributes mostly to the linoleic acid present in the mesocarp and, therefore, in the olive oil. Our results have also shown that olive FAD2-3, FAD2-4 and FAD2-5 gene expression is not only spatially and temporally regulated in olive fruit, but also is cultivar-dependent, as well as regulated by water regime, temperature, light and wounding. All these data suggest specialized physiological roles for the olive FAD2 gene family members with respect to both aspects of the biosynthesis of the linoleic acid, either present in storage lipids that constitute the olive oil or being part of membrane lipids, which are involved in the response to abiotic stresses, and highlight the differences on FAD2 gene regulation between oilseeds and oil fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Luisa Hernández
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plant Products, Instituto de la Grasa (IG-CSIC), Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Building 46, Ctra. Utrera Km.1, Sevilla 41013, Spain
| | - M Dolores Sicardo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plant Products, Instituto de la Grasa (IG-CSIC), Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Building 46, Ctra. Utrera Km.1, Sevilla 41013, Spain
| | - Patricia M Arjona
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plant Products, Instituto de la Grasa (IG-CSIC), Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Building 46, Ctra. Utrera Km.1, Sevilla 41013, Spain
| | - José M Martínez-Rivas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plant Products, Instituto de la Grasa (IG-CSIC), Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Building 46, Ctra. Utrera Km.1, Sevilla 41013, Spain
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Salimonti A, Carbone F, Romano E, Pellegrino M, Benincasa C, Micali S, Tondelli A, Conforti FL, Perri E, Ienco A, Zelasco S. Association Study of the 5'UTR Intron of the FAD2-2 Gene With Oleic and Linoleic Acid Content in Olea europaea L. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:66. [PMID: 32117401 PMCID: PMC7031445 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Cultivated olive (Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea var. europaea) is the most ancient and spread tree crop in the Mediterranean basin. An important quality trait for the extra virgin olive oil is the fatty acid composition. In particular, a high content of oleic acid and low of linoleic, linolenic, and palmitic acid is considered very relevant in the health properties of the olive oil. The oleate desaturase enzyme encoding-gene (FAD2-2) is the main responsible for the linoleic acid content in the olive fruit mesocarp and, therefore, in the olive oil revealing to be the most important candidate gene for the linoleic acid biosynthesis. In this study, an in silico and structural analysis of the 5'UTR intron of the FAD2-2 gene was conducted with the aim to explore the natural sequence variability and its role in the gene expression regulation. In order to identify functional allele variants, the 5'UTR intron was isolated and partially sequenced in 97 olive cultivars. The sequence analysis allowed to find a 117-bp insertion including two long duplications never found before in FAD2-2 genes in olive and the existence of many intron-mediated enhancement (IME) elements. The sequence polymorphism analysis led to detect 39 SNPs. The candidate gene association study conducted for oleic and linoleic acids content revealed seven SNPs and one indel significantly associated able to explain a phenotypic variation ranging from 7% to 16% among the years. Our study highlighted new structural variants within the FAD2-2 gene in olive, putatively involved in the regulation mechanisms of gene expression associated with the variation of the content of oleic and linoleic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Salimonti
- Research Centre for Olive, Citrus and Tree Fruit, CREA, Rende, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Carbone
- Research Centre for Olive, Citrus and Tree Fruit, CREA, Rende, Italy
| | - Elvira Romano
- Research Centre for Olive, Citrus and Tree Fruit, CREA, Rende, Italy
| | | | - Cinzia Benincasa
- Research Centre for Olive, Citrus and Tree Fruit, CREA, Rende, Italy
| | - Sabrina Micali
- Research Centre for Olive, Citrus and Tree Fruit, CREA, Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandro Tondelli
- Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, CREA, Fiorenzuola D’Arda, Italy
| | - Francesca L. Conforti
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Enzo Perri
- Research Centre for Olive, Citrus and Tree Fruit, CREA, Rende, Italy
| | | | - Samanta Zelasco
- Research Centre for Olive, Citrus and Tree Fruit, CREA, Rende, Italy
- *Correspondence: Samanta Zelasco,
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