1
|
Xie N, Huang X, Zhou J, Song X, Lin J, Yan M, Zhu M, Li J, Wang K. The R2R3-MYB transcription factor CsMYB42 regulates theanine biosynthesis in albino tea leaves. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 336:111850. [PMID: 37648117 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Theanine is a unique secondary metabolite in tea plants and contributes to the umami taste and health benefits of tea. However, theanine biosynthesis in tea plants is not fully understood, and its mechanism of transcriptional regulation remains poorly reported. Theanine content was significantly correlated with the expression of theanine biosynthesis-related gene CsGS1c and transcription factor CsMYB42 in different leaf positions and picking times, but there was no significant correlation in different tissues of albino tea plant 'Anjibaicha'. This suggests that CsMYB42 may regulate CsGS1c to synthesize theanine in albino tea leaves, and the regulation is tissue specific. CsMYB42 is a nuclear-localized R2R3-MYB transcription factor gene with transcriptional activation activity. Yeast one-hybrid assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay confirmed the direct binding of CsMYB42 to the promoter of CsGS1c. Luciferase assay showed that CsMYB42 activates the CsGS1c expression. Furthermore, the inhibition of CsMYB42 using an antisense oligonucleotide in tea leaves decreased CsGS1c expression and theanine content. These results indicate that CsMYB42 plays a crucial role in activating the expression of CsGS1c and may be involved in the biosynthesis of theanine in albino tea leaves. This study provides fresh insights into the tissue-specific regulation of theanine biosynthesis, which laid a foundation for breeding high-theanine tea plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nianci Xie
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients & Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xiangxiang Huang
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients & Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhou
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients & Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xiaofeng Song
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients & Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Junming Lin
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients & Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Meihong Yan
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients & Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Mingzhi Zhu
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients & Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Juan Li
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients & Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Kunbo Wang
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients & Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xu YX, Yang L, Lei YS, Ju RN, Miao SG, Jin SH. Integrated transcriptome and amino acid profile analyses reveal novel insights into differential accumulation of theanine in green and yellow tea cultivars. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:1501-1516. [PMID: 35146518 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tea cultivars with yellow- or white-leaf variations have a high economic value due to their high amino acid (especially theanine) concentration. However, the dynamic changes of amino acid components (especially theanine) and related gene expression during new shoot development in these cultivars are still unclear. In this study, 264 tea samples from four representative varieties picked during the harvest period in spring were analyzed for their amino acid profiles. The dynamic change rules of ethylamine and 19 amino acids were summarized in normal green and yellow cultivars during new shoot development. Interestingly, the theanine concentration in the yellow cultivar was significantly higher than that in the green cultivar, and increased gradually as the leaves matured until they reached a maximum in the one bud and three leaves stage. The amino acid concentration in the leaves of the yellow cultivar increased significantly with leaf position, which was generally in contrast to the normal green cultivar. Transcriptome and correlation analyses revealed that CsGS1, CsPDX2, CsGGP5, CsHEMA3 and CsCLH4 might be the key genes potentially responsible for the differential accumulation of theanine in green and yellow tea cultivars. These results provide further information for the utilization and improvement of tea plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xia Xu
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, 66 Puyang Road, Zhuji, Zhejiang 311800, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A &F University, 666 Wusu Street, Lin'an, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Long Yang
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, 66 Puyang Road, Zhuji, Zhejiang 311800, China
| | - Yun-Sheng Lei
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, 66 Puyang Road, Zhuji, Zhejiang 311800, China
| | - Rui-Na Ju
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, 66 Puyang Road, Zhuji, Zhejiang 311800, China
| | - Shu-Gang Miao
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, 66 Puyang Road, Zhuji, Zhejiang 311800, China
| | - Song-Heng Jin
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, 66 Puyang Road, Zhuji, Zhejiang 311800, China
- The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, 666 Wusu Street, Lin'an, Zhejiang 311300, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhou Y, Kishchenko O, Stepanenko A, Chen G, Wang W, Zhou J, Pan C, Borisjuk N. The Dynamics of NO3- and NH4+ Uptake in Duckweed Are Coordinated with the Expression of Major Nitrogen Assimilation Genes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:11. [PMID: 35009015 PMCID: PMC8747334 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Duckweed plants play important roles in aquatic ecosystems worldwide. They rapidly accumulate biomass and have potential uses in bioremediation of water polluted by fertilizer runoff or other chemicals. Here we studied the assimilation of two major sources of inorganic nitrogen, nitrate (NO3- ) and ammonium (NH4+), in six duckweed species: Spirodela polyrhiza, Landoltia punctata, Lemna aequinoctialis, Lemna turionifera, Lemna minor, and Wolffia globosa. All six duckweed species preferred NH4+ over NO3- and started using NO3- only when NH4+ was depleted. Using the available genome sequence, we analyzed the molecular structure and expression of eight key nitrogen assimilation genes in S. polyrhiza. The expression of genes encoding nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase increased about 10-fold when NO3- was supplied and decreased when NH4+ was supplied. NO3- and NH4+ induced the glutamine synthetase (GS) genes GS1;2 and the GS2 by 2- to 5-fold, respectively, but repressed GS1;1 and GS1;3. NH4+ and NO3- upregulated the genes encoding ferredoxin- and NADH-dependent glutamate synthases (Fd-GOGAT and NADH-GOGAT). A survey of nitrogen assimilation gene promoters suggested complex regulation, with major roles for NRE-like and GAATC/GATTC cis-elements, TATA-based enhancers, GA/CTn repeats, and G-quadruplex structures. These results will inform efforts to improve bioremediation and nitrogen use efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nikolai Borisjuk
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, West Changjiang Road 111, Huai’an 223000, China; (Y.Z.); (O.K.); (A.S.); (G.C.); (W.W.); (J.Z.); (C.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen Y, Wang F, Wu Z, Jiang F, Yu W, Yang J, Chen J, Jian G, You Z, Zeng L. Effects of Long-Term Nitrogen Fertilization on the Formation of Metabolites Related to Tea Quality in Subtropical China. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11030146. [PMID: 33801425 PMCID: PMC8000315 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11030146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
As a main agronomic intervention in tea cultivation, nitrogen (N) application is useful to improve tea yield and quality. However, the effects of N application on the formation of tea quality-related metabolites have not been fully studied, especially in long-term field trials. In this study, a 10-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of long-term N application treatments on tea quality-related metabolites, their precursors, and related gene expression. Long-term N application up-regulated the expression of key genes for chlorophyll synthesis and promoted its synthesis, thus increasing tea yield. It also significantly increased the contents of total free amino acids, especially l-theanine, in fresh tea leaves, while decreasing the catechin content, which is conducive to enhancing tea liquor freshness. However, long-term N application significantly reduced the contents of benzyl alcohol and 2-phenylethanol in fresh tea leaves, and also reduced (E)-nerolidol and indole in withered leaves, which were not conducive to the formation of floral and fruity aroma compounds. In general, an appropriate amount of N fertilizer (225 kg/hm2) balanced tea yield and quality. These results not only provide essential information on how N application affects tea quality, but also provide detailed experimental data for field fertilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 104 Pudang Road, Xindian Town, Jin’an District, Fuzhou 350012, China; (Y.C.); (F.W.); (Z.W.); (F.J.)
- National Agricultural Experimental Station for Soil Quality, No. 1 Hutouyang Road, Shekou Town, Fu’an 355015, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 104 Pudang Road, Xindian Town, Jin’an District, Fuzhou 350012, China; (Y.C.); (F.W.); (Z.W.); (F.J.)
- National Agricultural Experimental Station for Soil Quality, No. 1 Hutouyang Road, Shekou Town, Fu’an 355015, China
| | - Zhidan Wu
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 104 Pudang Road, Xindian Town, Jin’an District, Fuzhou 350012, China; (Y.C.); (F.W.); (Z.W.); (F.J.)
- National Agricultural Experimental Station for Soil Quality, No. 1 Hutouyang Road, Shekou Town, Fu’an 355015, China
| | - Fuying Jiang
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 104 Pudang Road, Xindian Town, Jin’an District, Fuzhou 350012, China; (Y.C.); (F.W.); (Z.W.); (F.J.)
- National Agricultural Experimental Station for Soil Quality, No. 1 Hutouyang Road, Shekou Town, Fu’an 355015, China
| | - Wenquan Yu
- Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 247 Wusi Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou 350013, China;
| | - Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China; (J.Y.); (J.C.); (G.J.)
| | - Jiaming Chen
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China; (J.Y.); (J.C.); (G.J.)
| | - Guotai Jian
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China; (J.Y.); (J.C.); (G.J.)
| | - Zhiming You
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 104 Pudang Road, Xindian Town, Jin’an District, Fuzhou 350012, China; (Y.C.); (F.W.); (Z.W.); (F.J.)
- National Agricultural Experimental Station for Soil Quality, No. 1 Hutouyang Road, Shekou Town, Fu’an 355015, China
- Correspondence: (Z.Y.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lanting Zeng
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China; (J.Y.); (J.C.); (G.J.)
- Correspondence: (Z.Y.); (L.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|