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Lin Y, Chen J, Lin Y, Lin M, Wang H, Fan Z, Lu W, Chen Y, Lin H. DNP and ATP modulate the pulp softening and breakdown in fresh longan by acting on the antioxidant system and the metabolisms of membrane lipids and cell wall polysaccharides. Food Chem 2024; 460:140531. [PMID: 39059331 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Compared to the control longan, DNP treatment elevated pulp breakdown index, reduced the values of pulp firmness, CSP, ISP, cellulose, and hemicellulose by enhancing the activities of PE, PG, Cx, XET, and β-Gal. Additionally, DNP treatment increased the levels of PLD, lipase, LOX, PA, and SFA, and decreased the values of PC, PI, USFA, U/S, and IUFA, displaying higher cell membrane permeability and more severe cell membrane damage in longan pulp. Furthermore, DNP treatment weakened the levels of SOD, CAT, APX, AsA, GSH, TP, and TF, thereby exacerbating ROS outbreak and MDA production. These results indicate that DNP treatment destroyed the antioxidant system to cause ROS eruption. This disruption further disturbed the metabolisms of membrane lipids and cell wall polysaccharides, leading to the breakdown of cell membrane and cell wall, and eventually aggravated longan pulp softening and breakdown. However, ATP treatment exhibited the opposite effects of DNP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifen Lin
- Institute of Postharvest Technology of Agricultural Products, College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Postharvest Biology of Subtropical Special Agricultural Products, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Institute of Postharvest Technology of Agricultural Products, College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Postharvest Biology of Subtropical Special Agricultural Products, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Yixiong Lin
- Institute of Postharvest Technology of Agricultural Products, College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Postharvest Biology of Subtropical Special Agricultural Products, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; School of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363000, China
| | - Mengshi Lin
- Food Science Program, Division of Food, Nutrition & Exercise Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Hui Wang
- Institute of Postharvest Technology of Agricultural Products, College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Postharvest Biology of Subtropical Special Agricultural Products, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Zhongqi Fan
- Institute of Postharvest Technology of Agricultural Products, College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Postharvest Biology of Subtropical Special Agricultural Products, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Wangjin Lu
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Yihui Chen
- Institute of Postharvest Technology of Agricultural Products, College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Postharvest Biology of Subtropical Special Agricultural Products, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Hetong Lin
- Institute of Postharvest Technology of Agricultural Products, College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Postharvest Biology of Subtropical Special Agricultural Products, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
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Jin Y, Li C, Zhang S, Liu J, Wang M, Guo Y, Xu H, Ge Y. Sucrose, cell wall, and polyamine metabolisms involve in preserving postharvest quality of 'Zaosu' pear fruit by L-glutamate treatment. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 208:108455. [PMID: 38428157 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
'Zaosu' pear fruit is prone to yellowing of the surface and softening of the flesh after harvest. This work was performed to assess the influences of L-glutamate treatment on the quality of 'Zaosu' pears and elucidate the underlying mechanisms involved. Results demonstrated that L-glutamate immersion reduced ethylene release, respiratory intensity, weight loss, brightness (L*), redness (a*), yellowness (b*), and total coloration difference (ΔE); enhanced ascorbic acid, soluble solids, and soluble sugar contents; maintained chlorophyll content and flesh firmness of pears. L-glutamate also restrained the activities of neutral invertase and acid invertase, while enhancing sucrose phosphate synthetase and sucrose synthase activities to facilitate sucrose accumulation. The transcriptions of PbSGR1, PbSGR2, PbCHL, PbPPH, PbRCCR, and PbNYC were suppressed by L-glutamate, resulting in a deceleration of chlorophyll degradation. L-glutamate concurrently suppressed the transcription levels and enzymatic activities of polygalacturonases, pectin methylesterases, cellulase, and β-glucosidase. It restrained polygalacturonic acid trans-eliminase and pectin methyl-trans-eliminase activities as well as inhibited the transcription levels of PbPL and Pbβ-gal. Moreover, the gene transcriptions and enzymatic activities of arginine decarboxylase, ornithine decarboxylase, S-adenosine methionine decarboxylase, glutamate decarboxylase, γ-aminobutyric acid transaminase, glutamine synthetase along with the PbSPDS transcription was promoted by L-glutamate. L-glutamate also resulted in the down-regulation of PbPAO, PbDAO, PbSSADH, PbGDH, and PbGOGAT transcription levels, while enhancing γ-aminobutyric acid, glutamate, and pyruvate acid contents in pears. These findings suggest that L-glutamate immersion can effectively maintain the storage quality of 'Zaosu' pears via modulating key enzyme activities and gene transcriptions involved in sucrose, chlorophyll, cell wall, and polyamine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueruxin Jin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China
| | - Canying Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China.
| | - Shuran Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China
| | - Miao Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China
| | - Yan Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China
| | - Hengping Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China
| | - Yonghong Ge
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China.
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Li C, Zhang C, Liu J, Qu L, Ge Y. l-Glutamate maintains the quality of apple fruit by mediating carotenoid, sorbitol and sucrose metabolisms. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:4944-4955. [PMID: 36944028 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND l-Glutamate is involved in many important chemical reactions in horticultural products and improves postharvest disease resistance. Quality decline of apple fruit caused by senescence and fungus invasion often leads to tremendous losses during logistics. This study was performed to evaluate the variations of quality attributes, carotenoid, sorbitol and sucrose metabolisms in apples (cv. Qiujin) after l-glutamate dipping treatment. RESUITS l-Glutamate immersion maintained high values of L*, a* and b*, flesh firmness, titratable acidity, as well as the total soluble solids, soluble sugar, reducing sugar and ascorbic acid contents in apples. l-Glutamate also decreased mass loss, respiratory rate and ethylene release, enhanced sucrose synthase-cleavage, acid invertase and neutral invertase activities, whereas reduced sorbitol dehydrogenase, sucrose phosphate synthase, sucrose synthase synthesis and sorbitol oxidase activities in apples. Moreover, l-glutamate inhibited lutein, β-carotene and lycopene accumulation, and down-regulated phytoene synthase, lycopene β-cyclase, ζ-carotene desaturase, phytoene desaturase, carotenoid isomerase, ζ-carotene isomerase and carotenoids cleavage dioxygenase gene expressions, but up-regulated 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase gene expression in apples. CONCLUSION Postharvest l-glutamate dipping treatment can keep apple quality by modulating key enzyme activity and gene expression in sorbitol, sucrose and carotenoid metabolisms. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canying Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, 121013, Jinzhou, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, 121013, Jinzhou, China
| | - Chenyang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, 121013, Jinzhou, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, 121013, Jinzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, 121013, Jinzhou, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, 121013, Jinzhou, China
| | - Linhong Qu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, 121013, Jinzhou, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, 121013, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yonghong Ge
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, 121013, Jinzhou, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, 121013, Jinzhou, China
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The roles of Salvia miltiorrhiza-derived carbon dots involving in maintaining quality by delaying senescence of postharvest flowering Chinese cabbage. Food Chem 2023; 404:134704. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Peng J, Du J, Wuqiang M, Chen T, Shui X, Liao H, Lin X, Zhou K. Transcriptomics-based analysis of the causes of sugar receding in Feizixiao litchi ( Litchi chinensis Sonn.) pulp. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1083753. [PMID: 36618655 PMCID: PMC9814114 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1083753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the causes of the "sugar receding" in 'Feizixiao' litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) pulp, the main sugar contents and sucrose metabolism enzyme activities were measured in pulp obtained in 2020 and 2021. Pulp RNA obtained in 2020 was extracted at 35, 63, and 69 days after anthesis (DAA) for transcriptome sequencing analysis. The differential expression of genes was verified by real-time PCR for both years. The results showed that after 63 DAA, the contents of soluble sugars and sucrose decreased, and the contents of fructose and glucose increased in both years. The dynamic changes in sucrose metabolism enzyme activities were similar in both years. After 63 DAA, except for acid invertase (AI) in 2021, the activities of other enzymes decreased significantly, and the net activity of sucrose metabolism enzymes showed a strong sucrose cleavage activity. There were 18061, 19575, and 985 differentially expressed genes in 35 d vs. 63 d, 35 d vs. 69 d, and 63 d vs. 69 d, respectively. Ninety-one sugar metabolism genes were screened out, including sucrose synthase (SS), sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), AI, neutral invertase (NI), hexokinase (HK), glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), phosphofructokinase (PFK), and pyruvate kinase (PK) genes. In 63 d vs. 69 d, seventy-five percent of sucrose metabolism genes were downregulated, seventy-seven percent of genes in glycolysis (EMP) were upregulated and the PFK genes were significantly upregulated. There was a significant linear correlation between the expression of 15 genes detected by real-time PCR and the transcriptome sequencing results (r2020 = 0.9139, r2021 = 0.8912). These results suggest that the upregulated expression of PFK genes at maturity may enhance PFK activity and promote the degradation of soluble sugar in pulp through the EMP pathway, resulting in decreased soluble sugar and sucrose contents and "sugar receding" in pulp. Moreover, the downregulated expression of sucrose metabolism genes in pulp decreased the activities of these enzymes, but the net activity of these enzymes resulted in cleaved sucrose and replenished levels of reducing sugars, resulting in a stable reducing sugar content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Peng
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya, China
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jingjia Du
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya, China
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Ma Wuqiang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya, China
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Tiantian Chen
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya, China
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xian Shui
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya, China
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Haizhi Liao
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaokai Lin
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Kaibing Zhou
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya, China
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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Zhang Q, Tang F, Cai W, Peng B, Ning M, Shan C, Yang X. Chitosan treatment reduces softening and chilling injury in cold-stored Hami melon by regulating starch and sucrose metabolism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1096017. [PMID: 36589112 PMCID: PMC9795072 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1096017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cold-stored Hami melon is susceptible to chilling injury, resulting in quality deterioration and reduced sales. Pre-storage treatment with chitosan reduces fruit softening and chilling injury in melon; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, Gold Queen Hami melons were treated with 1.5% chitosan solution for 10 min before cold storage at 3°C and then the effect of chitosan was examined on fruit firmness, weight loss, chilling injury, soluble solid content (SSC), pectin, and soluble sugar contents of melon fruit. Also, the enzyme activities and gene expressions related to fruit softening and starch and sucrose metabolism were investigated. Chitosan treatment reduced the fruit softening and chilling injury, maintained the high levels of starch and sucrose contents, and regulated the enzyme activities and gene expressions related to starch and sucrose metabolism. Fruit firmness was significantly positively correlated with sucrose and starch contents. Altogether, we uncovered the potential mechanism of chitosan coating mitigating melon softening and chilling injury through the regulation of starch and sucrose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhang
- College of Food, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
- Engineering Research Center of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruit and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Fengxian Tang
- College of Food, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
- Engineering Research Center of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruit and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Wenchao Cai
- College of Food, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
- Engineering Research Center of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruit and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Bo Peng
- College of Food, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
- Engineering Research Center of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruit and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ming Ning
- College of Food, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
- Engineering Research Center of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruit and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Chunhui Shan
- College of Food, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
- Engineering Research Center of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruit and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xinquan Yang
- College of Food, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Zhang Y, Tang H, Lei D, Zhao B, Zhou X, Yao W, Fan J, Lin Y, Chen Q, Wang Y, Li M, He W, Luo Y, Wang X, Tang H, Zhang Y. Exogenous melatonin maintains postharvest quality in kiwiberry fruit by regulating sugar metabolism during cold storage. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Identification of Key Genes during Ethylene-Induced Adventitious Root Development in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232112981. [PMID: 36361778 PMCID: PMC9658848 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethylene (ETH), as a key plant hormone, plays critical roles in various processes of plant growth and development. ETH has been reported to induce adventitious rooting. Moreover, our previous studies have shown that exogenous ETH may induce plant adventitious root development in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). However, the key genes involved in this process are still unclear. To explore the key genes in ETH-induced adventitious root development, we employed a transcriptome technique and revealed 1415 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with 687 DEGs up-regulated and 728 DEGs down-regulated. Using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, we further identified critical pathways that were involved in ETH-induced adventitious root development, including carbon metabolism (starch and sucrose metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, citrate cycle (TCA cycle), oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid biosynthesis, and fatty acid degradation), secondary metabolism (phenylalanine metabolism and flavonoid biosynthesis) and plant hormone signal transduction. In carbon metabolism, ETH reduced the content of sucrose, glucose, starch, the activity of sucrose synthase (SS), sucrose–phosphate synthase (SPS) and hexokinase (HK), and the expressions of CsHK2, pyruvate kinase2 (CsPK2), and CsCYP86A1, whereas it enhanced the expressions of β-amylase 1 (CsBAM1) and β-amylase 3 (CsBAM3). In secondary metabolism, the transcript levels of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (CsPAL) and flavonoid 3′-monooxygenase (CsF3′M) were negatively regulated, and that of primary-amine oxidase (CsPAO) was positively regulated by ETH. Additionally, the indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) content and the expressions of auxin and ETH signaling transduction-related genes (auxin transporter-like protein 5 (CsLAX5), CsGH3.17, CsSUAR50, and CsERS) were suppressed, whereas the abscisic acid (ABA) content and the expressions of ABA and BR signaling transduction-related genes (CsPYL1, CsPYL5, CsPYL8, BRI1-associated kinase 1 (CsBAK1), and CsXTH3) were promoted by ETH. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of these genes were confirmed by real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). These results indicate that genes related to carbon metabolism, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, and plant hormone signaling transduction are involved in ETH-induced adventitious root development. This work identified the key pathways and genes in ETH-induced adventitious rooting in cucumber, which may provide new insights into ETH-induced adventitious root development and will be useful for investigating the molecular roles of key genes in this process in further studies.
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Ren Y, Zhu J, Zhang H, Lin B, Hao P, Hua S. Leaf Carbohydrate Metabolism Variation Caused by Late Planting in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) at Reproductive Stage. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11131696. [PMID: 35807649 PMCID: PMC9268982 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Delayed planting date of rapeseed is an important factor affecting seed yield. However, regulation of the leaf carbohydrate metabolism in rapeseed by a late planting date at the reproductive stage is scarcely investigated. A two-year field experiment was conducted to assess the effect of planting dates, including early (15 September), optimal (1 October), late (15 October), and very late (30 October), on leaf growth and carbohydrate biosynthetic and catabolic metabolism at the reproductive stage. The results showed that leaf dry matter decreased linearly on average from 7.48 to 0.62 g plant−1 with an early planting date, whereas it increased at first and peaked at 14 days after anthesis (DAA) with other planting dates. Leaf dry matter was the lowest at the very late planting date during the reproductive stage. For leaf chlorophyll content, rapeseed planted at an optimal date maximized at 14 DAA with an average content of 1.51 mg g−1 fresh weight, whereas it kept high and stable at a very late planting date after 28 DAA. For the carbohydrate catabolic system, acid and neutral invertase (AI and NI, respectively) showed higher activity before 14 DAA, whereas both sucrose synthase (SS) and starch phosphorylase (SP) showed higher activity after 14 DAA. For the carbohydrate biosynthetic system, the activity of sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) was the highest at the late planting date after 14 DAA, whereas it was at the lowest at the very late planting date. However, the activity of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) at the late and very late planting dates was significantly higher than that of the early and optimal plant dates after 21 DAA, which is in accordance with the leaf total soluble sugar content, suggesting that leaf carbohydrate metabolism is governed by a biosynthetic system. The current study provides new insights on leaf carbohydrate metabolism regulation by late planting in rapeseed at the reproductive stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ren
- Huzhou Agricultural Science and Technology Development Center, Huzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huzhou 313000, China; (Y.R.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jianfang Zhu
- Huzhou Agricultural Science and Technology Development Center, Huzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huzhou 313000, China; (Y.R.); (J.Z.)
| | - Hui Zhang
- Zhejiang Agro-Tech Extension and Service Center, Hangzhou 310020, China;
| | - Baogang Lin
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (B.L.); (P.H.)
| | - Pengfei Hao
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (B.L.); (P.H.)
| | - Shuijin Hua
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (B.L.); (P.H.)
- Correspondence:
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Li C, Sun L, Zhu J, Ji X, Huang R, Fan Y, Guo M, Ge Y. Trehalose Regulates Starch, Sorbitol, and Energy Metabolism to Enhance Tolerance to Blue Mold of "Golden Delicious" Apple Fruit. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:5658-5667. [PMID: 35499968 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of trehalose on the lesion diameter of apples (cv. Golden Delicious) inoculated with Penicillium expansum was evaluated to screen the optimal concentration. The changes in gene expression and activity of the enzyme in starch, sorbitol, and energy metabolism were also investigated in apples after trehalose treatment. The results revealed that trehalose dipping reduced the lesion diameter of apples inoculated with P. expansum. Trehalose suppressed the activities and gene expressions of β-amylase, NAD-sorbitol dehydrogenase, and NADP-sorbitol dehydrogenase, whereas it decreased the sorbitol 6-phosphate dehydrogenase gene expression and amylose, amylopectin, total starch, and reducing sugar contents. Additionally, trehalose improved the gene expressions and activities of α-amylase, starch-branching enzymes, total amylase, H+-ATPase, and Ca2+-ATPase, as well as soluble sugar, adenosine triphosphate, and adenosine diphosphate contents and energy charge in apples. These findings imply that trehalose could induce tolerance to the blue mold of apple fruit by regulating starch, sorbitol, and energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canying Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, P.R. China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou 121013, P.R. China
| | - Lei Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, P.R. China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou 121013, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, P.R. China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou 121013, P.R. China
| | - Xiaonan Ji
- College of Food Science and Engineering Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, P.R. China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou 121013, P.R. China
| | - Rui Huang
- College of Food Science and Engineering Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, P.R. China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou 121013, P.R. China
| | - Yiting Fan
- College of Food Science and Engineering Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, P.R. China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou 121013, P.R. China
| | - Mi Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, P.R. China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou 121013, P.R. China
| | - Yonghong Ge
- College of Food Science and Engineering Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, P.R. China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou 121013, P.R. China
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Shu C, Cao J, Jiang W. Postharvest vibration-induced apple quality deterioration is associated with the energy dissipation system. Food Chem 2022; 386:132767. [PMID: 35339081 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Transit vibration is a potential risk that may cause fruit deterioration. Regulating energy metabolism is recognized for attenuating fruit abiotic/abiotic stresses. To explore the role of energy metabolism in the response of fruit to vibration stress, this research investigated the effects of exogenous treatment with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) on fruit after simulated vibration stress. The results demonstrated that DNP treatment induced significant energy depletion, which exacerbated the adverse physiological responses induced by vibration stress. In contrast, ATP regulated higher fruit energy levels and significantly alleviated fruit quality deterioration. This is achieved by supplying direct energy substances, maintaining higher energy charges, inhibiting ethylene biosynthesis, elevating the antioxidant system, and suppressing cell oxidative damage. The results demonstrated the positive role of fruit energy metabolism response to vibration stress. Ensuring sufficient energy level may be a promising strategy for controlling vibration-induced adverse physiological responses and a potential method to maintain fruit quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Shu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Jiankang Cao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Weibo Jiang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
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12
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Fan Y, Li C, Li Y, Huang R, Guo M, Liu J, Sun T, Ge Y. Postharvest melatonin dipping maintains quality of apples by mediating sucrose metabolism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 174:43-50. [PMID: 35123260 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Senescence is a pivotal factor that causes quality breakdown and economic loss of fruit after harvest. In this study, 'Golden Delicious' apples were used as the materials to investigate the effect of melatonin dipping on quality parameters and sucrose metabolism during room temperature storage. Postharvest melatonin treatment inhibited respiratory intensity and ethylene release, increased flesh firmness, soluble sugar, ascorbic acid, and soluble solid contents, and titratable acid in apples. Furthermore, melatonin treatment inhibited acid invertase and neutral invertase activities, increased sucrose synthase and sucrose phosphate synthase activities, and repressed the activities of sorbitol dehydrogenase, sorbitol oxidase and sucrose synthase cleavage in apple fruit. All these findings suggest that exogenous application of melatonin could maintain quality of 'Golden Delicious' apples by mediating the enzyme activity in sucrose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Fan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China
| | - Canying Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China.
| | - Yihan Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China
| | - Rui Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China
| | - Mi Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China
| | - Tong Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China
| | - Yonghong Ge
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China.
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