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Rashkov GD, Stefanov MA, Yotsova EK, Borisova PB, Dobrikova AG, Apostolova EL. Exploring Nitric Oxide as a Regulator in Salt Tolerance: Insights into Photosynthetic Efficiency in Maize. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1312. [PMID: 38794383 PMCID: PMC11125177 DOI: 10.3390/plants13101312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The growing issue of salinity is a significant threat to global agriculture, affecting diverse regions worldwide. Nitric oxide (NO) serves as an essential signal molecule in regulating photosynthetic performance under physiological and stress conditions. The present study reveals the protective effects of different concentrations (0-300 µM) of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, a donor of NO) on the functions of the main complexes within the photosynthetic apparatus of maize (Zea mays L. Kerala) under salt stress (150 mM NaCl). The data showed that SNP alleviates salt-induced oxidative stress and prevents changes in the fluidity of thylakoid membranes (Laurdan GP) and energy redistribution between the two photosystems (77K chlorophyll fluorescence ratio F735/F685). Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements demonstrated that the foliar spray with SNP under salt stress prevents the decline of photosystem II (PSII) open reaction centers (qP) and improves their efficiency (Φexc), thereby influencing QA- reoxidation. The data also revealed that SNP protects the rate constants for two pathways of QA- reoxidation (k1 and k2) from the changes caused by NaCl treatment alone. Additionally, there is a predominance of QA- interaction with plastoquinone in comparison to the recombination of electrons in QA QB- with the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC). The analysis of flash oxygen evolution showed that SNP treatment prevents a salt-induced 10% increase in PSII centers in the S0 state, i.e., protects the initial S0-S1 state distribution, and the modification of the Mn cluster in the OEC. Moreover, this study demonstrates that SNP-induced defense occurs on both the donor and acceptor sides of the PSII, leading to the protection of overall photosystems performance (PIABS) and efficient electron transfer from the PSII donor side to the reduction of PSI end electron acceptors (PItotal). This study clearly shows that the optimal protection under salt stress occurs at approximately 50-63 nmoles NO/g FW in leaves, corresponding to foliar spray with 50-150 µM SNP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Emilia L. Apostolova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (G.D.R.); (M.A.S.); (E.K.Y.); (P.B.B.); (A.G.D.)
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Kappachery S, AlHosani M, Khan TA, AlKharoossi SN, AlMansoori N, AlShehhi SAS, AlMansoori H, AlKarbi M, Sasi S, Karumannil S, Elangovan SK, Shah I, Gururani MA. Modulation of antioxidant defense and PSII components by exogenously applied acetate mitigates salinity stress in Avena sativa. Sci Rep 2024; 14:620. [PMID: 38182773 PMCID: PMC10770181 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51302-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Salinity stress has detrimental effects on various aspects of plant development. However, our understanding of strategies to mitigate these effects in crop plants remains limited. Recent research has shed light on the potential of sodium acetate as a mitigating component against salinity stress in several plant species. Here, we show the role of acetate sodium in counteracting the adverse effects on oat (Avena sativa) plants subjected to NaCl-induced salinity stress, including its impact on plant morphology, photosynthetic parameters, and gene expression related to photosynthesis and antioxidant capacity, ultimately leading to osmoprotection. The five-week experiment involved subjecting oat plants to four different conditions: water, salt (NaCl), sodium acetate, and a combination of salt and sodium acetate. The presence of NaCl significantly inhibited plant growth and root elongation, disrupted chlorophylls and carotenoids content, impaired chlorophyll fluorescence, and down-regulated genes associated with the plant antioxidant defense system. Furthermore, our findings reveal that when stressed plants were treated with sodium acetate, it partially reversed these adverse effects across all analyzed parameters. This reversal was particularly evident in the increased content of proline, thereby ensuring osmoprotection for oat plants, even under stressful conditions. These results provide compelling evidence regarding the positive impact of sodium acetate on various plant development parameters, with a particular focus on the enhancement of photosynthetic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajeesh Kappachery
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P.O.Box 15551, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Mohamed AlHosani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P.O.Box 15551, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Tanveer Alam Khan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P.O.Box 15551, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Sara Nouh AlKharoossi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P.O.Box 15551, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Nemah AlMansoori
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P.O.Box 15551, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Sara Ali Saeed AlShehhi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P.O.Box 15551, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Hamda AlMansoori
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P.O.Box 15551, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Maha AlKarbi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P.O.Box 15551, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Shina Sasi
- Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P.O.Box 15551, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Sameera Karumannil
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P.O.Box 15551, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Sampath Kumar Elangovan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P.O.Box 15551, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Iltaf Shah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P.O.Box 15551, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Mayank Anand Gururani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P.O.Box 15551, Al Ain, UAE.
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Abbas S, Basit F, Tanwir K, Zhu X, Hu J, Guan Y, Hu W, Sheteiwy MS, Yang H, El-Keblawy A, El-Tarabily KA, AbuQamar SF, Lou J. Exogenously applied sodium nitroprusside alleviates nickel toxicity in maize by regulating antioxidant activities and defense-related gene expression. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13985. [PMID: 37616000 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Nickel (Ni) stress adversely affects plant growth and biomass accumulation, posturing severe menace to crop production and food security. The current study aimed to determine the putative role of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) in mitigating Ni-induced phytotoxicity and identify the underlying defense mechanisms in maize, which are poorly understood. Our findings showed that SNP significantly augmented plant growth, biomass, and photosynthesis-related attributes (Fv/Fm, Fm, qP ETR, and ΦPSII) through diminishing Ni uptake and translocation in root and shoot tissues of maize under Ni stress conditions. In parallel, exogenous SNP substantially relieved maize seedlings from Ni-induced stress by enhancing enzymatic (SOD, CAT, and GPX) and non-enzymatic (phenol and flavonoids) antioxidant defenses and reducing oxidative stress indicators (MDA and H2 O2 ). The results revealed that SNP treatment increased the content of organic osmolyte glycine betaine and the activity of GST, concomitantly with ATP and ionic exchange capacity (including Ca2+ -ATPase and Mg2+ -ATPase), advocating its sufficiency to promote plant growth and avert Ni-induced stress in maize plants. The only exception was the production of organic acids (citric, oxalic, malic, and formic acids), which was reduced as SNP treatment relieved maize seedlings from Ni-induced oxidative damage. The application of SNP also displayed higher expression of defense- and detoxifying-related genes than in control treatments. Together, our data highlighted the mechanism involved in the amelioration of Ni toxicity by SNP; thus, suggesting a potential role of SNP in mitigating the adverse effects of Ni-contaminated soils to boost growth and yield of crop plants, that is, maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saghir Abbas
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Farwa Basit
- Hainan Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
- Seed Science Center, The Advanced Seed Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kashif Tanwir
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Xiaobo Zhu
- Hainan Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
- Seed Science Center, The Advanced Seed Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin Hu
- Hainan Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
- Seed Science Center, The Advanced Seed Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yajing Guan
- Hainan Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
- Seed Science Center, The Advanced Seed Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weimin Hu
- Hainan Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
- Seed Science Center, The Advanced Seed Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mohamed S Sheteiwy
- Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Haishui Yang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ali El-Keblawy
- Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khaled A El-Tarabily
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Synan F AbuQamar
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jianfeng Lou
- Shanghai Agro-Technology Extension Service Center, Shanghai, China
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Maslennikova DR, Lastochkina OV, Shakirova FM. Exogenous Sodium Nitroprusside Improves Salt Stress Tolerance of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) via Regulating the Components of Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle, Chlorophyll Content and Stabilization of Cell Membranes State. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 69:130. [DOI: 10.1134/s102144372206019x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
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Angon PB, Tahjib-Ul-Arif M, Samin SI, Habiba U, Hossain MA, Brestic M. How Do Plants Respond to Combined Drought and Salinity Stress?-A Systematic Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11212884. [PMID: 36365335 PMCID: PMC9655390 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants are frequently exposed to one or more abiotic stresses, including combined salinity-drought, which significantly lowers plant growth. Many studies have been conducted to evaluate the responses of plants to combined salinity and drought stress. However, a meta-analysis-based systematic review has not been conducted yet. Therefore, this study analyzed how plants respond differently to combined salinity-drought stress compared to either stress alone. We initially retrieved 536 publications from databases and selected 30 research articles following a rigorous screening. Data on plant growth-related, physiological, and biochemical parameters were collected from these selected articles and analyzed. Overall, the combined salinity-drought stress has a greater negative impact on plant growth, photosynthesis, ionic balance, and oxidative balance than either stress alone. In some cases, salinity had a greater impact than drought stress and vice versa. Drought stress inhibited photosynthesis more than salinity, whereas salinity caused ionic imbalance more than drought stress. Single salinity and drought reduced shoot biomass equally, but salinity reduced root biomass more than drought. Plants experienced more oxidative stress under combined stress conditions because antioxidant levels did not increase in response to combined salinity-drought stress compared to individual salinity or drought stress. This study provided a comparative understanding of plants' responses to individual and combined salinity and drought stress, and identified several research gaps. More comprehensive genetic and physiological studies are needed to understand the intricate interplay between salinity and drought in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prodipto Bishnu Angon
- Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Tahjib-Ul-Arif
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Samia Islam Samin
- Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Ummya Habiba
- Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - M. Afzal Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Marian Brestic
- Institut of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
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Kohli SK, Khanna K, Bhardwaj R, Corpas FJ, Ahmad P. Nitric oxide, salicylic acid and oxidative stress: Is it a perfect equilateral triangle? PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 184:56-64. [PMID: 35636332 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an endogenous free radical involved in the regulation of a wide array of physio-biochemical phenomena in plants. The biological activity of NO directly depend on its cellular concentration which usually changes under stress conditions, it participates in maintaining cellular redox equilibrium and regulating target checkpoints which control switches among development and stress. It is one of the key players in plant signalling and a plethora of evidence supports its crosstalk with other phytohormones. NO and salicylic acid (SA) cooperation is also of great physiological relevance, where NO modulates the immune response by regulating SA linked target proteins i.e., non-expressor of pathogenesis-related genes (NPR-1 and NPR-2) and Group D bZIP (basic leucine zipper domain transcription factor). Many experimental data suggest a functional cooperative role between NO and SA in mitigating the plant oxidative stress which suggests that these relationships could constitute a metabolic "equilateral triangle".
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhmeen Kaur Kohli
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Kanika Khanna
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
| | - Francisco J Corpas
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany, GDC, Pulwama, 192301, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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Magnetopriming Actuates Nitric Oxide Synthesis to Regulate Phytohormones for Improving Germination of Soybean Seeds under Salt Stress. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142174. [PMID: 35883617 PMCID: PMC9322440 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the role of the signalling molecule nitric oxide (NO) in magnetopriming-mediated induction of salinity tolerance in soybean seeds is established. The cross-talk of NO with germination-related hormones gibberellic acid (GA), abscisic acid (ABA) and auxin (IAA) for their ability to reduce the Na+/K+ ratio in the seeds germinating under salinity is highlighted. Salt tolerance index was significantly high for seedlings emerging from magnetoprimed seeds and sodium nitroprusside (SNP, NO-donor) treatment. The NO and superoxide (O2•−) levels were also increased in both of these treatments under non-saline and saline conditions. NO generation through nitrate reductase (NR) and nitric oxide synthase-like (NOS-like) pathways indicated the major contribution of NO from the NR-catalysed reaction. The relative expression of genes involved in the NO biosynthetic pathways reiterated the indulgence of NR in NO in magnetoprimed seeds, as a 3.86-fold increase in expression was observed over unprimed seeds under salinity. A 23.26-fold increase in relative expression of NR genes by the NO donor (SNP) was observed under salinity, while the NR inhibitor (sodium tungstate, ST) caused maximum reduction in expression of NR genes as compared to other inhibitors [L-NAME (N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester; inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase-like enzyme) and DPI (diphenylene iodonium; NADPH oxidase inhibitor)]. The ratio of ABA/GA and IAA/GA decreased in magnetoprimed and NO donor-treated seeds, suggesting homeostasis amongst hormones during germination under salinity. The magnetoprimed seeds showed low Na+/K+ ratio in all treatments irrespective of NO inhibitors. Altogether, our results indicate that a balance of ABA, GA and IAA is maintained by the signalling molecule NO in magnetoprimed seeds which lowers the Na+/K+ ratio to offset the adverse effects of salinity in soybean seeds.
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