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Ku SS, Woo HA, Shin MJ, Jie EY, Kim H, Kim HS, Cho HS, Jeong WJ, Lee MS, Min SR, Kim SW. Efficient Plant Regeneration System from Leaf Explant Cultures of Daphne genkwa via Somatic Embryogenesis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112175. [PMID: 37299152 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to establish an efficient plant regeneration system from leaf-derived embryogenic structure cultures of Daphne genkwa. To induce embryogenic structures, fully expanded leaf explants of D. genkwa were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, and 5 mg·L-1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), respectively. After 8 weeks of incubation, the highest frequency of embryogenic structure formation reached 100% when the leaf explants were cultivated on MS medium supplemented with 0.1 to 1 mg·L-1 2,4-D. At higher concentrations of 2,4-D (over 2 mg·L-1 2,4-D), the frequency of embryogenic structure formation significantly declined. Similar to 2,4-D, indole butyric acid (IBA) and α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) treatments were also able to form embryogenic structures. However, the frequency of embryogenic structure formation was lower than that of 2,4-D. In particular, the yellow embryonic structure (YES) and white embryonic structure (WES) were simultaneously developed from the leaf explants of D. genkwa on culture medium containing 2,4-D, IBA, and NAA, respectively. Embryogenic calluses (ECs) were formed from the YES after subsequent rounds of subculture on MS medium supplemented with 1 mg·L-1 2,4-D. To regenerate whole plants, the embryogenic callus (EC) and the two embryogenic structures (YES and WES) were transferred onto MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg·L-1 6-benzyl aminopurine (BA). The YES had the highest plant regeneration potential via somatic embryo and shoot development compared to the EC and WES. To our knowledge, this is the first successful report of a plant regeneration system via the somatic embryogenesis of D. genkwa. Thus, the embryogenic structures and plant regeneration system of D. genkwa could be applied to mass proliferation and genetic modification for pharmaceutical metabolite production in D. genkwa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Sub Ku
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Industrial Plant Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-A Woo
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jun Shin
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Yee Jie
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - HyeRan Kim
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Soon Kim
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sun Cho
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Joong Jeong
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Soon Lee
- Department of Industrial Plant Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ran Min
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Weon Kim
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
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Mira MM, Day S, Ibrahim S, Hill RD, Stasolla C. The Arabidopsis Phytoglobin 2 mediates phytochrome B (phyB) light signaling responses during somatic embryogenesis. PLANTA 2023; 257:88. [PMID: 36976396 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04121-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
During the light induction of somatic embryogenesis, phyB-Pfr suppresses Phytoglobin 2, known to elevate nitric oxide (NO). NO depresses Phytochrome Interacting Factor 4 (PIF4) relieving its inhibition on embryogenesis through auxin. An obligatory step of many in vitro embryogenic systems is the somatic-embryogenic transition culminating with the formation of the embryogenic tissue. In Arabidopsis, this transition requires light and is facilitated by high levels of nitric oxide (NO) generated by either suppression of the NO scavenger Phytoglobin 2 (Pgb2), or its removal from the nucleus. Using a previously characterized induction system regulating the cellular localization of Pgb2, we demonstrated the interplay between phytochrome B (phyB) and Pgb2 during the formation of embryogenic tissue. The deactivation of phyB in the dark coincides with the induction of Pgb2 known to reduce the level of NO; consequently, embryogenesis is inhibited. Under light conditions, the active form of phyB depresses the levels of Pgb2 transcripts, thus expecting an increase in cellular NO. Induction of Pgb2 increases Phytochrome Interacting Factor 4 (PIF4) suggesting that high levels of NO repress PIF4. The PIF4 inhibition is sufficient to induce several auxin biosynthetic (CYP79B2, AMI1, and YUCCA 1, 2, and 6) and response (ARF5, 8, and 16) genes, conducive to the formation of the embryonic tissue and production of somatic embryos. Auxin responses mediated by ARF10 and 17 appear to be regulated by Pgb2, possibly through NO, in a PIF4-independent fashion. Overall, this work provides a new and preliminary model integrating Pgb2 (and NO) with phyB in the light regulation of in vitro embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M Mira
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Sam Day
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Shimaa Ibrahim
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Robert D Hill
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Claudio Stasolla
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
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