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Zhou X, Wang X, Wei H, Zhang H, Wu Q, Wang L. Integrative analysis of transcriptome and target metabolites uncovering flavonoid biosynthesis regulation of changing petal colors in Nymphaea 'Feitian 2'. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:370. [PMID: 38714932 PMCID: PMC11075258 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05078-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nymphaea (waterlily) is known for its rich colors and role as an important aquatic ornamental plant globally. Nymphaea atrans and some hybrids, including N. 'Feitian 2,' are more appealing due to the gradual color change of their petals at different flower developmental stages. The petals of N. 'Feitian 2' gradually change color from light blue-purple to deep rose-red throughout flowering. The mechanism of the phenomenon remains unclear. RESULTS In this work, flavonoids in the petals of N. 'Feitian 2' at six flowering stages were examined to identify the influence of flavonoid components on flower color changes. Additionally, six cDNA libraries of N. 'Feitian 2' over two blooming stages were developed, and the transcriptome was sequenced to identify the molecular mechanism governing petal color changes. As a result, 18 flavonoid metabolites were identified, including five anthocyanins and 13 flavonols. Anthocyanin accumulation during flower development is the primary driver of petal color change. A total of 12 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway were uncovered, and these DEGs were significantly positively correlated with anthocyanin accumulation. Six structural genes were ultimately focused on, as their expression levels varied significantly across different flowering stages. Moreover, 104 differentially expressed transcription factors (TFs) were uncovered, and three MYBs associated with flavonoid biosynthesis were screened. The RT-qPCR results were generally aligned with high-throughput sequencing results. CONCLUSIONS This research offers a foundation to clarify the mechanisms underlying changes in the petal color of waterlilies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaohan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Haohui Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
- Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Huijin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Qian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Liangsheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Yang H, He S, Feng Q, Liu Z, Xia S, Zhou Q, Wu Z, Zhang Y. Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera): a multidisciplinary review of its cultural, ecological, and nutraceutical significance. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2024; 11:18. [PMID: 38647851 PMCID: PMC10991372 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-024-00734-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review systematically examines the multifarious aspects of Nelumbo nucifera, elucidating its ecological, nutritional, medicinal, and biomimetic significance. Renowned both culturally and scientifically, Nelumbo nucifera manifests remarkable adaptability, characterized by its extensive distribution across varied climatic regions, underpinned by its robust rhizome system and prolific reproductive strategies. Ecologically, this species plays a crucial role in aquatic ecosystems, primarily through biofiltration, thereby enhancing habitat biodiversity. The rhizomes and seeds of Nelumbo nucifera are nutritionally significant, being rich sources of dietary fiber, essential vitamins, and minerals, and have found extensive culinary applications. From a medicinal perspective, diverse constituents of Nelumbo nucifera exhibit therapeutic potential, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer properties. Recent advancements in preservation technology and culinary innovation have further underscored its role in the food industry, highlighting its nutritional versatility. In biomimetics, the unique "lotus effect" is leveraged for the development of self-cleaning materials. Additionally, the transformation of Nelumbo nucifera into biochar is being explored for its potential in sustainable environmental practices. This review emphasizes the critical need for targeted conservation strategies to protect Nelumbo nucifera against the threats posed by climate change and habitat loss, advocating for its sustainable utilization as a species of significant value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Simai He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000, China
| | - Qi Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zisen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Shibin Xia
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Qiaohong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhenbin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Zhou Y, Xu Y, Zhu GF, Tan J, Lin J, Huang L, Ye Y, Liu J. Pigment Diversity in Leaves of Caladium × hortulanum Birdsey and Transcriptomic and Metabolic Comparisons between Red and White Leaves. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:605. [PMID: 38203776 PMCID: PMC10779550 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Leaf color is a key ornamental characteristic of cultivated caladium (Caladium × hortulanum Birdsey), a plant with diverse leaf colors. However, the genetic improvement of leaf color in cultivated caladium is hindered by the limited understanding of leaf color diversity and regulation. In this study, the chlorophyll and anthocyanin content of 137 germplasm resources were measured to explore the diversity and mechanism of leaf color formation in cultivated caladium. Association analysis of EST-SSR markers and pigment traits was performed, as well as metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis of a red leaf variety and its white leaf mutant. We found significant differences in chlorophyll and anthocyanin content among different color groups of cultivated caladium, and identified three, eight, three, and seven EST-SSR loci significantly associated with chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, total chlorophyll and total anthocyanins content, respectively. The results further revealed that the white leaf mutation was caused by the down-regulation of various anthocyanins (such as cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, and others). This change in concentration is likely due to the down-regulation of key genes (four PAL, four CHS, six CHI, eight F3H, one F3'H, one FLS, one LAR, four DFR, one ANS and two UFGT) involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis. Concurrently, the up-regulation of certain genes (one FLS and one LAR) that divert the anthocyanin precursors to other pathways was noted. Additionally, a significant change in the expression of numerous transcription factors (12 NAC, 12 bZIP, 23 ERF, 23 bHLH, 19 MYB_related, etc.) was observed. These results revealed the genetic and metabolic basis of leaf color diversity and change in cultivated caladium, and provided valuable information for molecular marker-assisted selection and breeding of leaf color in this ornamental plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Zhou
- Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Z.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yechun Xu
- Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Z.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Gen-Fa Zhu
- Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Z.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jianjun Tan
- Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Z.)
| | - Jingyi Lin
- Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Z.)
| | - Lishan Huang
- Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Z.)
| | - Yuanjun Ye
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jinmei Liu
- Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Z.)
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