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Cai W, Chen Y, Zhang L, Fang X, Wang W. A three-gene cluster in Trichoderma reesei reveals a potential role of dmm2 in DNA repair and cellulase production. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:34. [PMID: 35351200 PMCID: PMC8966179 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02132-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background The ascomycete Trichoderma reesei is one of the most efficient industrial producers of cellulase. Gene targeting by homologous recombination is a key technique for improving strains and constructing mutants. In T. reesei, tku70 (homologous to human KU70) was deleted to block non-homologous end-joining, which led to 95% of transformants exhibiting homologous recombination. Results Two genes located in close proximity to tku70 were identified: the ferrochelatase gene hem8 (tre78582, homologous to Aspergillus niger hemH and Cryptococcus neoformans HEM15) and a putative DNA methylation modulator-2 gene dmm2 (tre108087, homologous to Neurospora crassa dmm-2). Genome-wide surveys of 324 sequenced fungal genomes revealed that the homologues of the three genes of interest are encoded in tandem in most Sordariomycetes. The expression of this three-gene cluster is regulated by blue light. The roles of these three genes were analyzed via deletion and complementation tests. The gene hem8 was originally described as a novel and highly distinct auxotrophic marker in T. reesei and we found that the product protein, HEM8, catalyzes the final step in heme biosynthesis from highly photoreactive porphyrins. The lethal phenotype of the hem8 deletion could be overcome by hematin supplementation. We also studied the functions of tku70 and dmm2 in DNA repair using mutagen sensitivity experiments. We found that the Δtku70 strain showed increased sensitivity to bleomycin, which induces DNA double-strand breaks, and that the Δdmm2 strain was sensitive to bleomycin, camptothecin (an inhibitor of type I topoisomerases), and hydroxyurea (a deoxynucleotide synthesis inhibitor). The double-mutant Δtku70&dmm2 showed higher sensitivity to hydroxyurea, camptothecin, and bleomycin than either of the single mutants. Knockout of dmm2 significantly increased cellulase production. Conclusions Our data show, for the first time, that ferrochelatase encoded by hem8 catalyzes the final step in heme biosynthesis from highly photoreactive porphyrins and that dmm2 encodes a putative DNA methylation modulator-2 protein related to DNA repair and cellulase expression in T. reesei. Our data provide important insights into the roles of this three-gene cluster in T. reesei and other Sordariomycetes and show that the DNA methylation modulator DMM2 affects cellulase gene expression in T. reesei. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13068-022-02132-y.
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Chai S, Zhu Z, Tian E, Xiao M, Wang Y, Zou G, Zhou Z. Building a Versatile Protein Production Platform Using Engineered Trichoderma reesei. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:486-496. [PMID: 34928572 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Trichoderma reesei has an extremely high capacity for synthesizing and secreting proteins, thus exhibiting promise as an expression platform for heterologous proteins. However, T. reesei secretes large amounts of native proteins, which hinders its widespread application for heterologous protein production. Here, we designed and built a series of T. reesei chassis using an iterative gene deletion approach based on an efficient genome editing system. Donor DNAs with specially designed construct facilitated screening of positive deletion strains without ectopic insertion. Finally, marker-free T. reesei chassis with lower rates of native protein secretion and low levels of extracellular protease activity were constructed after 11 consecutive rounds of gene deletion. Higher production levels of three heterologous proteins─a bacterial xylanase XYL7, a fungal immunomodulatory protein LZ8, and the human serum albumin HSA─were achieved with these chassis using the cbh1 promoter. It is possible that diverse high-value proteins might be produced at a high yield using this engineered platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunxing Chai
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19(A) Yuquan Rd, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhihua Zhu
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19(A) Yuquan Rd, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ernuo Tian
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Meili Xiao
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19(A) Yuquan Rd, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Wang
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Gen Zou
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jinqi Rd, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Zhihua Zhou
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai 200032, China
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Madhavan A, Arun KB, Sindhu R, Alphonsa Jose A, Pugazhendhi A, Binod P, Sirohi R, Reshmy R, Kumar Awasthi M. Engineering interventions in industrial filamentous fungal cell factories for biomass valorization. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126209. [PMID: 34715339 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Filamentous fungi possess versatile capabilities for synthesizing a variety of valuable bio compounds, including enzymes, organic acids and small molecule secondary metabolites. The advancements of genetic and metabolic engineering techniques and the availability of sequenced genomes discovered their potential as expression hosts for recombinant protein production. Remarkably, plant-biomass degrading filamentous fungi show the unique capability to decompose lignocellulose, an extremely recalcitrant biopolymer. The basic biochemical approaches have motivated several industrial processes for lignocellulose biomass valorisation into fermentable sugars and other biochemical for biofuels, biomolecules, and biomaterials. The review gives insight into current trends in engineering filamentous fungi for enzymes, fuels, and chemicals from lignocellulose biomass. This review describes the variety of enzymes and compounds that filamentous fungi produce, engineering of filamentous fungi for biomass valorisation with a special focus on lignocellulolytic enzymes and other bulk chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravind Madhavan
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Jagathy, Trivandrum 695 014, India.
| | - K B Arun
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Jagathy, Trivandrum 695 014, India
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum 695 019, India
| | - Anju Alphonsa Jose
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum 695 019, India
| | | | - Parameswaran Binod
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum 695 019, India
| | - Ranjna Sirohi
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136713, Republic of Korea; Centre for Energy & Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226001. Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R Reshmy
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Bishop Moore College, Mavelikara 690 110, Kerala, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712 100, PR China
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Sun Y, Qian Y, Zhang J, Yao C, Wang Y, Liu H, Zhong Y. Development of a novel expression platform for heterologous protein production via deleting the p53-like regulator Vib1 in Trichoderma reesei. Enzyme Microb Technol 2022; 155:109993. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.109993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Wei H, Wu M, Fan A, Su H. Recombinant protein production in the filamentous fungus Trichoderma. Chin J Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Sun Y, Qian Y, Zhang J, Wang Y, Li X, Zhang W, Wang L, Liu H, Zhong Y. Extracellular protease production regulated by nitrogen and carbon sources in Trichoderma reesei. J Basic Microbiol 2021; 61:122-132. [PMID: 33393718 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202000566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei is an important producer of industrial enzymes, and possesses abundant extracellular protease genes based on the genome sequence data. However, the production of extracellular proteases remains poorly understood. Here, protease production was extensively investigated on different carbon (glucose and lactose) and nitrogen sources ((NH4 )2 SO4 , NaNO3 , peptone, and corn steep liquor). It was found that protease production was dominantly regulated by nitrogen sources. Organic nitrogen sources were beneficial for protease production, while the preferred nitrogen source (NH4 )2 SO4 inhibited the expression of proteases. As for carbon sources, lactose was a more effective inducer than glucose for protease production. The protease activity was further examined by protease inhibitors, which suggested that protease activity was predominantly inhibited by phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) and slightly suppressed by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Moreover, proteomic analysis revealed a total of 29 extracellular proteases, including 13 serine proteases, 6 aspartic proteases, and 10 metalloproteases. In addition, seven proteases were found to be present among all conditions. These results showed the regulatory profile of extracellular protease production in Trichoderma reesei grown on various carbon and nitrogen sources, which will facilitate the development of T. reesei to be an effective workhorse for enzyme or high-value protein production in industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Yuanchao Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Yifan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Xihai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Weican Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Lushan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Yaohua Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, P.R. China
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Zubieta MP, Gerhardt JA, Rubio MV, Terrasan CRF, Persinoti GF, Antoniel EP, Contesini FJ, Prade RA, Damasio A. Improvement of homologous GH10 xylanase production by deletion of genes with predicted function in the Aspergillus nidulans secretion pathway. Microb Biotechnol 2020; 13:1245-1253. [PMID: 32212325 PMCID: PMC7264891 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Filamentous fungi are important cell factories for large-scale enzyme production. However, production levels are often low, and this limitation has stimulated research focusing on the manipulation of genes with predicted function in the protein secretory pathway. This pathway is the major route for the delivery of proteins to the cell exterior, and a positive relationship between the production of recombinant enzymes and the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway has been observed. In this study, Aspergillus nidulans was exposed to UPR-inducing chemicals and differentially expressed genes were identified by RNA-seq. Twelve target genes were deleted in A. nidulans recombinant strains producing homologous and heterologous GH10 xylanases. The knockout of pbnA (glycosyltransferase), ydjA (Hsp40 co-chaperone), trxA (thioredoxin) and cypA (cyclophilin) improved the production of the homologous xylanase by 78, 171, 105 and 125% respectively. Interestingly, these deletions decreased the overall protein secretion, suggesting that the production of the homologous xylanase was specifically altered. However, the production of the heterologous xylanase and the secretion of total proteins were not altered by deleting the same genes. Considering the results, this approach demonstrated the possibility of rationally increase the production of a homologous enzyme, indicating that trxA, cypA, ydjA and pbnA are involved in protein production by A. nidulans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane P. Zubieta
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue BiologyInstitute of BiologyUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP)CampinasSPBrazil
- Microbiology and Molecular GeneticsOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOKUSA
| | - Jaqueline A. Gerhardt
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue BiologyInstitute of BiologyUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP)CampinasSPBrazil
| | - Marcelo V. Rubio
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue BiologyInstitute of BiologyUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP)CampinasSPBrazil
| | - César R. F. Terrasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue BiologyInstitute of BiologyUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP)CampinasSPBrazil
| | - Gabriela F. Persinoti
- Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR)Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM)CampinasSPBrazil
| | - Everton P. Antoniel
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue BiologyInstitute of BiologyUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP)CampinasSPBrazil
| | - Fabiano J. Contesini
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue BiologyInstitute of BiologyUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP)CampinasSPBrazil
| | - Rolf A. Prade
- Microbiology and Molecular GeneticsOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOKUSA
| | - André Damasio
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue BiologyInstitute of BiologyUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP)CampinasSPBrazil
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Wang Q, Zhong C, Xiao H. Genetic Engineering of Filamentous Fungi for Efficient Protein Expression and Secretion. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:293. [PMID: 32322579 PMCID: PMC7156587 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Filamentous fungi are considered as unique cell factories for protein production due to the high efficiency of protein secretion and superior capability of post-translational modifications. In this review, we firstly introduce the secretory pathway in filamentous fungi. We next summarize the current state-of-the-art works regarding how various genetic engineering strategies are applied for enhancing protein expression and secretion in filamentous fungi. Finally, in a future perspective, we discuss the great potential of genome engineering for further improving protein expression and secretion in filamentous fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and Laboratory of Molecular Biochemical Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Zhong
- Materials and Physical Biology Division, School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- Materials Synthetic Biology Center, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Han Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and Laboratory of Molecular Biochemical Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Sun X, Zhang X, Huang H, Wang Y, Tu T, Bai Y, Wang Y, Zhang J, Luo H, Yao B, Su X. Engineering the cbh1 Promoter of Trichoderma reesei for Enhanced Protein Production by Replacing the Binding Sites of a Transcription Repressor ACE1 to Those of the Activators. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:1337-1346. [PMID: 31933359 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The strong and inducible cbh1 promoter is most widely used to express heterologous proteins, useful in food and feed industries, in Trichoderma reesei. Enhancing its ability to direct transcription provides a general strategy to improve protein production in T. reesei. The cbh1 promoter was engineered by replacing eight binding sites of the transcription repressor ACE1 to those of the activators ACE2, Hap2/3/5, and Xyr1. While changing ACE1 to Hap2/3/5-binding sites completely abolished the transcription ability, replacements with ACE2- and Xyr1-binding sites (designated cbh1pA and cbh1pX promoters, respectively) largely improved the promoter transcription efficiency, as reflected by expression of a reporter gene DsRed. The cbh1pA and cbh1pX promoters were applied to improve secretory expression of a codon-optimized mannanase from Aspergillus niger to 3.6- and 5.0-fold higher, respectively, which has high application potential in feed industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhua Sun
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Xuhuan Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100081 , People's Republic of China
| | - Huoqing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Tao Tu
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Yingguo Bai
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Yaru Wang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Huiying Luo
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Bin Yao
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Xiaoyun Su
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100081 , China
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10
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Qian Y, Zhong L, Sun Y, Sun N, Zhang L, Liu W, Qu Y, Zhong Y. Enhancement of Cellulase Production in Trichoderma reesei via Disruption of Multiple Protease Genes Identified by Comparative Secretomics. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2784. [PMID: 31849916 PMCID: PMC6901835 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei is one of the most studied cellulolytic organisms and the major producer of cellulases for industrial applications. However, undesired degradation of cellulases often happens in culture filtrates and commercial enzyme preparations. Even studies have been reported about describing proteolytic degradation of heterologous proteins in T. reesei, there are few systematic explorations concerning the extracellular proteases responsible for degradation of cellulases. In this study, the cellulase activity was observed to rapidly decrease at late cultivation stages using corn steep liquor (CSL) as the nitrogen source in T. reesei. It was discovered that this decrease may be caused by proteases. To identify the proteases, comparative secretomics was performed to analyze the concomitant proteases during the cellulase production. 12 candidate proteases from the secretome of T. reesei were identified and their encoding genes were individually deleted via homologous recombination. Furthermore, three target proteases (tre81070, tre120998, and tre123234) were simultaneously deleted by one-step genetic transformation. The triple deletion strain ΔP70 showed a 78% decrease in protease activity and a six-fold increase in cellulase activity at late fermentation stages. These results demonstrated the feasibility of improvement of cellulase production by genetically disrupting the potential protease genes to construct the T. reesei strains with low extracellular protease secretion. This dataset also provides an efficient approach for strain improvement by precise genetic engineering combined with "omics" strategy for high-production of industrial enzymes to reduce the cost of lignocellulose bioconversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanchao Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lixia Zhong
- Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jinan, China
| | - Yu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ningning Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Weifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yinbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yaohua Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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The GATA-Type Transcriptional Factor Are1 Modulates the Expression of Extracellular Proteases and Cellulases in Trichoderma reesei. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174100. [PMID: 31443450 PMCID: PMC6747117 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichoderma reesei is a biotechnologically important filamentous fungus with the remarkable ability to secrete large amounts of enzymes, whose production is strongly affected by both the carbon and nitrogen sources. While the carbon metabolism regulators are extensively studied, the regulation of enzyme production by the nitrogen metabolism regulators is still poorly understood. In this study, the GATA transcription factor Are1, which is an orthologue of the Aspergillus global nitrogen regulator AREA, was identified and characterized for its functions in regulation of both protease and cellulase production in T. reesei. Deletion of the are1 gene abolished the capability to secrete proteases, and complementation of the are1 gene rescued the ability to produce proteases. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that the transcripts of protease genes apw1 and apw2 were also significantly reduced in the Δare1 strain when grown in the medium with peptone as the nitrogen source. In addition, deletion of are1 resulted in decreased cellulase production in the presence of (NH4)2SO4. Consistent with the reduction of cellulase production, the transcription levels of the major cellulase genes, including cbh1, cbh2, egl1, and egl2, were dramatically decreased in Δare1. Sequence analysis showed that all promoter regions of the tested protease and cellulase genes contain the consensus GATA elements. However, the expression levels of the major cellulase transcription activator Xyr1 and the repressor Cre1 had no significant difference between Δare1 and the parental strain QM9414, indicating that the regulatory mechanism deserves further investigation. Taken together, these results demonstrate the important role of Are1 in the regulation of protease and cellulase production in T. reesei, although these processes depend on the kind of nitrogen sources. The findings in this study contribute to the understanding of the regulation network of carbon and nitrogen sources in filamentous fungi.
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12
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Zubieta MP, Contesini FJ, Rubio MV, Gonçalves AEDSS, Gerhardt JA, Prade RA, Damasio ARDL. Protein profile in Aspergillus nidulans recombinant strains overproducing heterologous enzymes. Microb Biotechnol 2018; 11:346-358. [PMID: 29316319 PMCID: PMC5812239 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Filamentous fungi are robust cell factories and have been used for the production of large quantities of industrially relevant enzymes. However, the production levels of heterologous proteins still need to be improved. Therefore, this article aimed to investigate the global proteome profiling of Aspergillus nidulans recombinant strains in order to understand the bottlenecks of heterologous enzymes production. About 250, 441 and 424 intracellular proteins were identified in the control strain Anid_pEXPYR and in the recombinant strains Anid_AbfA and Anid_Cbhl respectively. In this context, the most enriched processes in recombinant strains were energy pathway, amino acid metabolism, ribosome biogenesis, translation, endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stress, and repression under secretion stress (RESS). The global protein profile of the recombinant strains Anid_AbfA and Anid_Cbhl was similar, although the latter strain secreted more recombinant enzyme than the former. These findings provide insights into the bottlenecks involved in the secretion of recombinant proteins in A. nidulans, as well as in regard to the rational manipulation of target genes for engineering fungal strains as microbial cell factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Paludetti Zubieta
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue BiologyInstitute of BiologyUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP)CampinasSPBrazil
| | - Fabiano Jares Contesini
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue BiologyInstitute of BiologyUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP)CampinasSPBrazil
| | - Marcelo Ventura Rubio
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue BiologyInstitute of BiologyUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP)CampinasSPBrazil
| | | | - Jaqueline Aline Gerhardt
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue BiologyInstitute of BiologyUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP)CampinasSPBrazil
| | - Rolf Alexander Prade
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular GeneticsOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOKUSA
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Wakai S, Arazoe T, Ogino C, Kondo A. Future insights in fungal metabolic engineering. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 245:1314-1326. [PMID: 28483354 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.04.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Filamentous fungi exhibit versatile abilities, including organic acid fermentation, protein production, and secondary metabolism, amongst others, and thus have applications in the medical and food industries. Previous genomic analyses of several filamentous fungi revealed their further potential as host microorganisms for bioproduction. Recent advancements in molecular genetics, marker recycling, and genome editing could be used to alter transformation and metabolism, based on optimized design carbolated with computer science. In this review, we detail the current applications of filamentous fungi and describe modern molecular genetic tools that could be used to expand the role of these microorganisms in bioproduction. The present review shed light on the possibility of filamentous fungi as host microorganisms in the field of bioproduction in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Wakai
- Graduate School of Science, Technology, and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Arazoe
- Graduate School of Science, Technology, and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Chiaki Ogino
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Graduate School of Science, Technology, and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan; Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan.
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Shibata N, Suetsugu M, Kakeshita H, Igarashi K, Hagihara H, Takimura Y. A novel GH10 xylanase from Penicillium sp. accelerates saccharification of alkaline-pretreated bagasse by an enzyme from recombinant Trichoderma reesei expressing Aspergillus β-glucosidase. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:278. [PMID: 29201142 PMCID: PMC5698967 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0970-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trichoderma reesei is considered a candidate fungal enzyme producer for the economic saccharification of cellulosic biomass. However, performance of the saccharifying enzymes produced by T. reesei is insufficient. Therefore, many attempts have been made to improve its performance by heterologous protein expression. In this study, to increase the conversion efficiency of alkaline-pretreated bagasse to sugars, we conducted screening of biomass-degrading enzymes that showed synergistic effects with enzyme preparations produced by recombinant T. reesei. RESULTS Penicillium sp. strain KSM-F532 produced the most effective enzyme to promote the saccharification of alkaline-pretreated bagasse. Biomass-degrading enzymes from strain KSM-F532 were fractionated and analyzed, and a xylanase, named PspXyn10, was identified. The amino acid sequence of PspXyn10 was determined by cDNA analysis: the enzyme shows a modular structure consisting of glycoside hydrolase family 10 (GH10) and carbohydrate-binding module family 1 (CBM1) domains. Purified PspXyn10 was prepared from the supernatant of a recombinant T. reesei strain. The molecular weight of PspXyn10 was estimated to be 55 kDa, and its optimal temperature and pH for xylanase activity were 75 °C and pH 4.5, respectively. More than 80% of the xylanase activity was maintained at 65 °C for 10 min. With beechwood xylan as the substrate, the enzyme had a Km of 2.2 mg/mL and a Vmax of 332 μmol/min/mg. PspXyn10ΔCBM, which lacked the CBM1 domain, was prepared by limited proteolysis. PspXyn10ΔCBM showed increased activity against soluble xylan, but decreased saccharification efficiency of alkaline-pretreated bagasse. This result indicated that the CBM1 domain of PspXyn10 contributes to the enhancement of the saccharification efficiency of alkaline-pretreated bagasse. A recombinant T. reesei strain, named X2PX10, was constructed from strain X3AB1. X3AB1 is an Aspergillus aculeatus β-glucosidase-expressing T. reesei PC-3-7. X2PX10 also expressed PspXyn10 under the control of the xyn2 promoter. An enzyme preparation from X2PX10 showed almost the same saccharification efficiency of alkaline-pretreated bagasse at half the enzyme dosage as that used for an enzyme preparation from X3AB1. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that PspXyn10 promotes the saccharification of alkaline-pretreated bagasse more efficiently than TrXyn3, a GH10 family xylanase from T. reesei, and that the PspXyn10-expressing strain is suitable for enzyme production for biomass saccharification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomu Shibata
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, 1334 Minato, Wakayama, Wakayama 640-8580 Japan
| | - Mari Suetsugu
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, 1334 Minato, Wakayama, Wakayama 640-8580 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kakeshita
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, 1334 Minato, Wakayama, Wakayama 640-8580 Japan
| | - Kazuaki Igarashi
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, 1334 Minato, Wakayama, Wakayama 640-8580 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hagihara
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, 1334 Minato, Wakayama, Wakayama 640-8580 Japan
| | - Yasushi Takimura
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, 1334 Minato, Wakayama, Wakayama 640-8580 Japan
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15
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Havlik D, Brandt U, Bohle K, Fleißner A. Establishment of Neurospora crassa as a host for heterologous protein production using a human antibody fragment as a model product. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:128. [PMID: 28743272 PMCID: PMC5526295 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0734-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Filamentous fungi are commonly used as production hosts for bulk enzymes in biotechnological applications. Their robust and quick growth combined with their ability to secrete large amounts of protein directly into the culture medium makes fungi appealing organisms for the generation of novel production systems. The red bread mold Neurospora crassa has long been established as a model system in basic research. It can be very easily genetically manipulated and a wealth of molecular tools and mutants are available. In addition, N. crassa is very fast growing and non-toxic. All of these features point to a high but so far untapped potential of this fungus for biotechnological applications. In this study, we used genetic engineering and bioprocess development in a design-build-test-cycle process to establish N. crassa as a production host for heterologous proteins. Results The human antibody fragment HT186-D11 was fused to a truncated version of the endogenous enzyme glucoamylase (GLA-1), which served as a carrier protein to achieve secretion into the culture medium. A modular expression cassette was constructed and tested under the control of different promoters. Protease activity was identified as a major limitation of the production strain, and the effects of different mutations causing protease deficiencies were compared. Furthermore, a parallel bioreactor system (1 L) was employed to develop and optimize a production process, including the comparison of different culture media and cultivation parameters. After successful optimization of the production strain and the cultivation conditions an exemplary scale up to a 10 L stirred tank reactor was performed. Conclusions The data of this study indicate that N. crassa is suited for the production and secretion of heterologous proteins. Controlling expression by the optimized promoter Pccg1nr in a fourfold protease deletion strain resulted in the successful secretion of the heterologous product with estimated yields of 3 mg/L of the fusion protein. The fungus could easily be cultivated in bioreactors and a first scale-up was successful. The system holds therefore much potential, warranting further efforts in optimization. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-017-0734-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Havlik
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Inhoffenstr. 7, Braunschweig, 38124, Germany.,Institut für Genetik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.,Navigo Proteins GmbH, Heinrich-Damerow-Str. 1, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ulrike Brandt
- Institut für Genetik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kathrin Bohle
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Inhoffenstr. 7, Braunschweig, 38124, Germany
| | - André Fleißner
- Institut für Genetik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.
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Gómez S, López-Estepa M, Fernández FJ, Suárez T, Vega MC. Alternative Eukaryotic Expression Systems for the Production of Proteins and Protein Complexes. ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES FOR PROTEIN COMPLEX PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION 2016; 896:167-84. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27216-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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17
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Druzhinina IS, Kubicek CP. Familiar Stranger: Ecological Genomics of the Model Saprotroph and Industrial Enzyme Producer Trichoderma reesei Breaks the Stereotypes. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2016; 95:69-147. [PMID: 27261782 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei (Hypocreales, Ascomycota) has properties of an efficient cell factory for protein production that is exploited by the enzyme industry, particularly with respect to cellulase and hemicellulase formation. Under conditions of industrial fermentations it yields more than 100g secreted protein L(-1). Consequently, T. reesei has been intensively studied in the 20th century. Most of these investigations focused on the biochemical characteristics of its cellulases and hemicellulases, on the improvement of their properties by protein engineering, and on enhanced enzyme production by recombinant strategies. However, as the fungus is rare in nature, its ecology remained unknown. The breakthrough in the understanding of the fundamental biology of T. reesei only happened during 2000s-2010s. In this review, we compile the current knowledge on T. reesei ecology, physiology, and genomics to present a holistic view on the natural behavior of the organism. This is not only critical for science-driven further improvement of the biotechnological applications of this fungus, but also renders T. reesei as an attractive model of filamentous fungi with superior saprotrophic abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Druzhinina
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - C P Kubicek
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
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18
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Fungal Biotechnology for Industrial Enzyme Production: Focus on (Hemi)cellulase Production Strategies, Advances and Challenges. Fungal Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27951-0_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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19
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Zhang L, Zhang S, Jiang X, Wei W, Wang W, Wei D. A novel host-vector system for heterologous protein co-expression and purification in the Trichoderma reesei industrial strain RUT-C30. Biotechnol Lett 2015; 38:89-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-015-1948-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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Hansen GH, Lübeck M, Frisvad JC, Lübeck PS, Andersen B. Production of cellulolytic enzymes from ascomycetes: Comparison of solid state and submerged fermentation. Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2015.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Landowski CP, Huuskonen A, Wahl R, Westerholm-Parvinen A, Kanerva A, Hänninen AL, Salovuori N, Penttilä M, Natunen J, Ostermeier C, Helk B, Saarinen J, Saloheimo M. Enabling Low Cost Biopharmaceuticals: A Systematic Approach to Delete Proteases from a Well-Known Protein Production Host Trichoderma reesei. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134723. [PMID: 26309247 PMCID: PMC4550459 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei has tremendous capability to secrete proteins. Therefore, it would be an excellent host for producing high levels of therapeutic proteins at low cost. Developing a filamentous fungus to produce sensitive therapeutic proteins requires that protease secretion is drastically reduced. We have identified 13 major secreted proteases that are related to degradation of therapeutic antibodies, interferon alpha 2b, and insulin like growth factor. The major proteases observed were aspartic, glutamic, subtilisin-like, and trypsin-like proteases. The seven most problematic proteases were sequentially removed from a strain to develop it for producing therapeutic proteins. After this the protease activity in the supernatant was dramatically reduced down to 4% of the original level based upon a casein substrate. When antibody was incubated in the six protease deletion strain supernatant, the heavy chain remained fully intact and no degradation products were observed. Interferon alpha 2b and insulin like growth factor were less stable in the same supernatant, but full length proteins remained when incubated overnight, in contrast to the original strain. As additional benefits, the multiple protease deletions have led to faster strain growth and higher levels of total protein in the culture supernatant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Huuskonen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Merja Penttilä
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
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22
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Zoglowek M, Lübeck PS, Ahring BK, Lübeck M. Heterologous expression of cellobiohydrolases in filamentous fungi – An update on the current challenges, achievements and perspectives. Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2014.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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23
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Heterologous protein expression in Hypocrea jecorina: a historical perspective and new developments. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 33:142-154. [PMID: 25479282 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Hypocrea jecorina, the sexual teleomorph of Trichoderma reesei, has long been favored as an industrial cellulase producer, first utilizing its native cellulase system and later augmented by the introduction of heterologous enzymatic activities or improved variants of native enzymes. Expression of heterologous proteins in H. jecorina was once considered difficult when the target was an improved variant of a native cellulase. Developments over the past nearly 30 years have produced strains, vectors, and selection mechanisms that have continued to simplify and streamline heterologous protein expression in this fungus. More recent developments in fungal molecular biology have pointed the way toward a fundamental transformation in the ease and efficiency of heterologous protein expression in this important industrial host. Here, 1) we provide a historical perspective on advances in H. jecorina molecular biology, 2) outline host strain engineering, transformation, selection, and expression strategies, 3) detail potential pitfalls when working with this organism, and 4) provide consolidated examples of successful cellulase expression outcomes from our laboratory.
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Construction of a promoter collection for genes co-expression in filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 41:1709-18. [PMID: 25209688 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-014-1508-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Trichoderma reesei is the preferred organism for producing industrial cellulases. However, cellulases derived from T. reesei have their highest activity at acidic pH. When the pH value increased above 7, the enzyme activities almost disappeared, thereby limiting the application of fungal cellulases under neutral or alkaline conditions. A lot of heterologous alkaline cellulases have been successfully expressed in T. reesei to improve its cellulolytic profile. To our knowledge, there are few reports describing the co-expression of two or more heterologous cellulases in T. reesei. We designed and constructed a promoter collection for gene expression and co-expression in T. reesei. Taking alkaline cellulase as a reporter gene, we assessed our promoters with strengths ranging from 4 to 106 % as compared to the pWEF31 expression vector (Lv D, Wang W, Wei D (2012) Construction of two vectors for gene expression in Trichoderma reesei. Plasmid 67(1):67-71). The promoter collection was used in a proof-of-principle approach to achieve the co-expression of an alkaline endoglucanase and an alkaline cellobiohydrolase. We observed higher activities of both cellulose degradation and biostoning by the co-expression of an endoglucanase and a cellobiohydrolase than the activities obtained by the expression of only endoglucanase or cellobiohydrolase. This study makes the process of engineering expression of multiple genes easier in T. reesei.
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Peciulyte A, Anasontzis GE, Karlström K, Larsson PT, Olsson L. Morphology and enzyme production of Trichoderma reesei Rut C-30 are affected by the physical and structural characteristics of cellulosic substrates. Fungal Genet Biol 2014; 72:64-72. [PMID: 25093270 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2014.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The industrial production of cellulolytic enzymes is dominated by the filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei (anamorph of Hypocrea jecorina). In order to develop optimal enzymatic cocktail, it is of importance to understand the natural regulation of the enzyme profile as response to the growth substrate. The influence of the complexity of cellulose on enzyme production by the microorganisms is not understood. In the present study we attempted to understand how different physical and structural properties of cellulose-rich substrates affected the levels and profiles of extracellular enzymes produced by T. reesei. Enzyme production by T. reesei Rut C-30 was studied in submerged cultures on five different cellulose-rich substrates, namely, commercial cellulose Avicel® and industrial-like cellulosic pulp substrates which consist mainly of cellulose, but also contain residual hemicellulose and lignin. In order to evaluate the hydrolysis of the substrates by the fungal enzymes, the spatial polymer distributions were characterised by cross-polarisation magic angle spinning carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (CP/MAS (13)C-NMR) in combination with spectral fitting. Proteins in culture supernatants at early and late stages of enzyme production were labeled by Tandem Mass Tags (TMT) and protein profiles were analysed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD001304. In total 124 proteins were identified and quantified in the culture supernatants, including cellulases, hemicellulases, other glycoside hydrolases, lignin-degrading enzymes, auxiliary activity 9 (AA9) family (formerly GH61), supporting activities of proteins and enzymes acting on cellulose, proteases, intracellular proteins and several hypothetical proteins. Surprisingly, substantial differences in the enzyme profiles were found even though there were minor differences in the chemical composition between the cellulose-rich substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ausra Peciulyte
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Industrial Biotechnology Group, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - George E Anasontzis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Industrial Biotechnology Group, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Chalmers, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Per Tomas Larsson
- Innventia AB, SE-114 86 Stockholm, Sweden; Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lisbeth Olsson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Industrial Biotechnology Group, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Chalmers, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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26
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Wang W, Shi XY, Wei DZ. Light-mediated control of gene expression in filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei. J Microbiol Methods 2014; 103:37-9. [PMID: 24886835 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2014.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We developed a light-mediated system based on synthetic light-switchable transactivators. The transactivators bind promoter upon blue-light exposure and rapidly initiate transcription of target transgenes in filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei. Light is inexpensive to apply, easily delivered, and instantly removed, and thus has significant advantages over chemical inducers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State key Lab of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Xiang-Yu Shi
- State key Lab of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Dong-Zhi Wei
- State key Lab of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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