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Bhusal A, Rahman MH, Lee WH, Lee IK, Suk K. Satellite glia as a critical component of diabetic neuropathy: Role of lipocalin-2 and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-2 axis in the dorsal root ganglion. Glia 2020; 69:971-996. [PMID: 33251681 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common complication of uncontrolled diabetes. The pathogenesis of DPN is associated with chronic inflammation in dorsal root ganglion (DRG), eventually causing structural and functional changes. Studies on DPN have primarily focused on neuronal component, and there is limited knowledge about the role of satellite glial cells (SGCs), although they completely enclose neuronal soma in DRG. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is a pro-inflammatory acute-phase protein found in high levels in diverse neuroinflammatory and metabolic disorders. In diabetic DRG, the expression of LCN2 was increased exclusively in the SGCs. This upregulation of LCN2 in SGCs correlated with increased inflammatory responses in DRG and sciatic nerve. Furthermore, diabetes-induced inflammation and morphological changes in DRG, as well as sciatic nerve, were attenuated in Lcn2 knockout (KO) mice. Lcn2 gene ablation also ameliorated neuropathy phenotype as determined by nerve conduction velocity and intraepidermal nerve fiber density. Mechanistically, studies using specific gene KO mice, adenovirus-mediated gene overexpression strategy, and primary cultures of DRG SGCs and neurons have demonstrated that LCN2 enhances the expression of mitochondrial gate-keeping regulator pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-2 (PDK2) through PPARβ/δ, thereby inhibiting pyruvate dehydrogenase activity and increasing production of glycolytic end product lactic acid in DRG SGCs and neurons of diabetic mice. Collectively, our findings reveal a crucial role of glial LCN2-PPARβ/δ-PDK2-lactic acid axis in progression of DPN. Our results establish a link between pro-inflammatory LCN2 and glycolytic PDK2 in DRG SGCs and neurons and propose a novel glia-based mechanism and drug target for therapy of DPN. MAIN POINTS: Diabetes upregulates LCN2 in satellite glia, which in turn increases pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-2 (PDK2) expression and lactic acid production in dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Glial LCN2-PDK2-lactic acid axis in DRG plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Bhusal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ha Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Brain Korea 21 Plus/Kyungpook National University Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Establishment of a Simple and Efficient Reverse Genetics System for Canine Adenoviruses Using Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes. Viruses 2020; 12:v12070767. [PMID: 32708703 PMCID: PMC7412426 DOI: 10.3390/v12070767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine adenoviruses (CAdVs) are divided into pathotypes CAdV1 and CAdV2, which cause infectious hepatitis and laryngotracheitis in canid animals, respectively. They can be the backbones of viral vectors that could be applied in recombinant vaccines or for gene transfer in dogs and in serologically naïve humans. Although conventional plasmid-based reverse genetics systems can be used to construct CAdV vectors, their large genome size creates technical difficulties in gene cloning and manipulation. In this study, we established an improved reverse genetics system for CAdVs using bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs), in which genetic modifications can be efficiently and simply made through BAC recombineering. To validate the utility of this system, we used it to generate CAdV2 with the early region 1 gene deleted. This mutant was robustly generated and attenuated in cell culture. The results suggest that our established BAC-based reverse genetics system for CAdVs would be a useful and powerful tool for basic and advanced practical studies with these viruses.
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Cui X, Shi Y, Zhao L, Gu S, Wei C, Yang Y, Wen S, Chen H, Ge J. Application of Real-Time Quantitative PCR to Detect Mink Circovirus in Naturally and Experimentally Infected Minks. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:937. [PMID: 29867846 PMCID: PMC5960700 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mink circovirus (MiCV), a newly discovered pathogen, is associated with diarrhea in farmed minks. The prevalence and economic importance of this virus remain poorly understood, and a quantitative method for diagnosis of MiCV infection has not been established. This research aims to develop a highly specific, sensitive, and quantitative assay for MiCV. A Real-Time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay was developed to detect different isolates of the MiCV in mink samples. The qPCR system is highly sensitive with a detection limit of as low as 10 viral DNA copies. The specificity of this qPCR assay was supported by the absence of cross-reaction with other pathogens. The coefficients of variation were low for both inter-assay and intra-assay variabilities. In addition, the results also expressed the distribution of MiCV in infectious mink tissues with high levels of virus in the skeletal muscle and heart. The heart occupied a higher proportion than other tissues, which can be considered the primary source of test material. This qPCR method could be a useful tool for epidemiological studies and disease management. This method for MiCV is highly specific, sensitive, repeatable, quantitative, and can rapidly determine viral load levels in different tissues samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyang Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yunjia Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine Unit, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Shanshan Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chengwei Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Shanshan Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine Unit, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Junwei Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Northeastern Science Inspection Station, China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology, Harbin, China
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Ge J, Shi Y, Cui X, Gu S, Zhao L, Chen H. Rapid and sensitive detection of mink circovirus by recombinase polymerase amplification. J Virol Methods 2018; 256:1-5. [PMID: 29501532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2018.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
To date, the pathogenic role of mink circovirus (MiCV) remains unclear, and its prevalence and economic importance are unknown. Therefore, a rapid and sensitive molecular diagnosis is necessary for disease management and epidemiological surveillance. However, only PCR methods can identify MiCV infection at present. In this study, we developed a nested PCR and established a novel recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) assay for MiCV detection. Sensitivity analysis showed that the detection limit of nested PCR and RPA assay was 101 copies/reaction, and these methods were more sensitive than conventional PCR, which has a detection limit of 105 copies/reaction. The RPA assay had no cross-reactivity with other related viral pathogens, and amplification was completed in less than 20 min with a simple device. Further assessment of clinical samples showed that the two assays were accurate in identifying positive and negative conventional PCR samples. The detection rate of MiCV by the RPA assay in clinical samples was 38.09%, which was 97% consistent with that by the nested PCR. The developed nested PCR is a highly sensitive tool for practical use, and the RPA assay is a simple, sensitive, and potential alternative method for rapid and accurate MiCV diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Northeastern Science Inspection Station, China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yunjia Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xingyang Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Shanshan Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine Unit, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine Unit, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China.
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Jiang Q, Yu Z, Liu JS, Kong DS, Guo DC, Quan CS, Li BT, Hu XL, Qu L. Recombinant canine adenovirus type 2 expressing rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus VP60 protein provided protection against RHD in rabbits. Vet Microbiol 2017; 213:15-20. [PMID: 29291998 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) is responsible for rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD), which is an acute, lethal and highly contagious disease in both wild and domestic rabbits. Although current vaccines are highly effective for controlling RHD, they are derived from infected rabbit livers and their use is thus associated with safety and animal-welfare concerns. In this study, we generated a recombinant lentogenic canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV2) vector expressing the RHDV vp60 gene, named rCAV2-VP60. rCAV2-VP60 expressed VP60 protein in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells as demonstrated by western blot and immunofluorescence assay. Polymerase chain reaction confirmed that the vp60 gene was successfully inserted into rCAV2-VP60 and was still detectable after 20 passages, indicating its stable genetic character. We evaluated the feasibility of rCAV2-VP60 as a live-virus-vectored RHD vaccine in rabbits. rCAV2-VP60 significantly induced specific antibodies to RHDV and provided effective protection against RHDV lethal challenge. These results suggest that rCAV2 expressing RHDV VP60 could be a safe and efficient candidate vaccine against RHDV in rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150069, PR China
| | - Zuo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150069, PR China
| | - Jia-Sen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150069, PR China
| | - De-Sheng Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150069, PR China
| | - Dong-Chun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150069, PR China
| | - Chuan-Song Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150069, PR China
| | - Bo-Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150069, PR China
| | - Xiao-Liang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150069, PR China
| | - Liandong Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150069, PR China.
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Harada A, Uchino J, Harada T, Nakagaki N, Hisasue J, Fujita M, Takayama K. Vascular endothelial growth factor promoter-based conditionally replicative adenoviruses effectively suppress growth of malignant pleural mesothelioma. Cancer Sci 2016; 108:116-123. [PMID: 27783867 PMCID: PMC5276838 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) incidence is increasing drastically worldwide as an occupational disease resulting from asbestos exposure. However, no curative treatment for MM of advanced stage is available. Thus, new therapeutic approaches for MM are required. Because malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) cells spread along the pleural surface in most patients, MPM can be targeted using intrapleural therapeutic approaches. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of the intrapleural instillation of a replication‐competent adenovirus as an oncolytic agent against MPM. We constructed a vascular endothelial growth factor promoter‐based conditionally replicative adenovirus (VEGF‐CRAd) that replicates exclusively in VEGF‐expressing cells. All of the MM cell lines that we tested expressed VEGF mRNA, and VEGF‐CRAd selectively replicated in these MM cells and exerted a direct concentration‐dependent oncolytic effect in vitro. Furthermore, our in vivo studies showed that pre‐infection of MM cells with VEGF‐CRAd potently suppressed MPM tumor formation in nude mice, and that intrapleural instillation of VEGF‐CRAd prolonged the survival time of tumor‐bearing mice. Our results indicate that VEGF‐CRAd exerts an oncolytic effect on MM cells and that intrapleural instillation of VEGF‐CRAd is safe and might represent a promising therapeutic strategy for MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Harada
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Junji Uchino
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Taishi Harada
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Noriaki Nakagaki
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Junko Hisasue
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaki Fujita
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koichi Takayama
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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