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Contreras-Díaz R, Carevic FS, van den Brink L, Huanca-Mamani W, Jung P. Structure, gene composition, divergence time and phylogeny analysis of the woody desert species Neltuma alba, Neltuma chilensis and Strombocarpa strombulifera. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13604. [PMID: 38871769 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64287-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Neltuma alba (Algarrobo blanco), Neltuma chilensis (Algarrobo Chileno) and Strombocarpa strombulifera (Fortuna) are some of the few drought resistant trees and shrubs found in small highly fragmented populations, throughout the Atacama Desert. We reconstructed their plastid genomes using de novo assembly of paired-end reads from total genomic DNA. We found that the complete plastid genomes of N. alba and N. chilensis are larger in size compared to species of the Strombocarpa genus. The Strombocarpa species presented slightly more GC content than the Neltuma species. Therefore, we assume that Strombocarpa species have been exposed to stronger natural selection than Neltuma species. We observed high variation values in the number of cpSSRs (chloroplast simple sequence repeats) and repeated elements among Neltuma and Strombocarpa species. The p-distance results showed a low evolutionary divergence within the genus Neltuma, whereas a high evolutionary divergence was observed between Strombocarpa species. The molecular divergence time found in Neltuma and Strombocarpa show that these genera diverged in the late Oligocene. With this study we provide valuable information about tree species that provide important ecosystem services in hostile environments which can be used to determine these species in the geographically isolated communities, and keep the highly fragmented populations genetically healthy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Contreras-Díaz
- Centro Regional de Investigación de Desarrollo Sustentable de Atacama (CRIDESAT), Universidad de Atacama, Copayapu 485, Copiapó, Chile.
- Núcleo Milenio de Ecología Histórica Aplicada Para los Bosques Áridos (AFOREST), Santiago, Chile.
| | - Felipe S Carevic
- Laboratorio de Ecología Vegetal, Facultad de Recursos Naturales Renovables, Universidad Arturo Prat, Campus Huayquique, Iquique, Chile
- Núcleo Milenio de Ecología Histórica Aplicada Para los Bosques Áridos (AFOREST), Santiago, Chile
| | - Liesbeth van den Brink
- ECOBIOSIS, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Wilson Huanca-Mamani
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Centro de Genética y Genómica UASARA, Universidad de Tarapacá, 1000000, Arica, Chile
| | - Patrick Jung
- Integrative Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Carl-Schurz-Str. 10-16, 66953, Pirmasens, Germany
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Gentis N, Licht A, De Franceschi D, Win Z, Aung DW, Dupont-Nivet G, Boura A. First fossil woods and palm stems from the mid-Paleocene of Myanmar and implications for biogeography and wood anatomy. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2024; 111:e16259. [PMID: 38031479 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE The rise of angiosperm-dominated tropical rainforests has been proposed to have occurred shortly after the Cretaceous-Paleogene transition. Paleocene fossil wood assemblages are rare yet provide important data for understanding these forests and whether their wood anatomical features can be used to document the changes that occurred during this transition. METHODS We used standard techniques to section 11 fossil wood specimens of Paleocene-age, described the anatomy using standard terminology, and investigated their affinities to present-day taxa. RESULTS We report here the first middle Paleocene fossil wood specimens from Myanmar, which at the time was near the equator and anchored to India. Some fossils share affinities with Arecaceae, Sapindales (Anacardiaceae, Meliaceae) and Moraceae and possibly Fabaceae or Lauraceae. One specimen is described as a new species and genus: Compitoxylon paleocenicum gen. et sp. nov. CONCLUSIONS This assemblage reveals the long-lasting presence of these aforementioned groups in South Asia and suggests the early presence of multiple taxa of Laurasian affinity in Myanmar and India. The wood anatomical features of the dicotyledonous specimens reveal that both "modern" and "primitive" features (in a Baileyan scheme) are present with proportions similar to features in specimens from Paleocene Indian localities. Their anatomical diversity corroborates that tropical flora display "modern" features early in the history of angiosperms and that their high diversity remained steady afterward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Gentis
- CR2P, UMR7207, MNHN, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 48, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Licht
- CEREGE, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Collège de France, Europole Méditerranéen de l'Arbois, BP 80, 13545, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Dario De Franceschi
- CR2P, UMR7207, MNHN, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 48, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Zaw Win
- Geology Department, Shwebo University, Sagaing Region, Myanmar
| | - Day Wa Aung
- Geology Department, University of Yangon, Pyay Rd, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Guillaume Dupont-Nivet
- Géosciences Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, 35042, Rennes, France
- Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, German Research Centre for Geosciences, 14473, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Anaïs Boura
- CR2P, UMR7207, MNHN, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 48, 75005, Paris, France
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Wang N, Zhang Z, Xu W, Zhou H, Ning R. Research Progress on Dormancy Mechanism and Germination Technology of Kobresia Seeds. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3192. [PMID: 36501232 PMCID: PMC9736853 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Kobresia is a subfamily of Cyperaceae, a perennial herbaceous plant that stores a large amount of organic carbon and nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, etc.) in the soil. This type of grass is soft and appreciated by all kinds of farm animals. It is one of the predominantly excellent fodder on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Its good growth plays an important role in developing the local economy and maintaining ecological balance on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as well. The main objectives of this review are to systematically present and analyze the factors responsible for the low germination rate of Kobresia and to analyze the physical and chemical methods that are used in order to alleviate dormancy and to improve the germination rate of Kobresia seeds. This is performed in order to lay the foundation for future research in this field. At the same time, we have analyzed the research deficiencies and formulated recommendations for the future. This review will provide comprehensive information in order to reduce the cost of planting Kobresia, as well as to provide theoretical support and technical guidance for the purposes of ecosystem restoration and livestock development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, China
- Key Laboratory of the Cold Regions Restoration Ecology, Xining 810001, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhonghua Zhang
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, China
- Key Laboratory of the Cold Regions Restoration Ecology, Xining 810001, China
| | - Wenhua Xu
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, China
- Key Laboratory of the Cold Regions Restoration Ecology, Xining 810001, China
| | - Huakun Zhou
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, China
- Key Laboratory of the Cold Regions Restoration Ecology, Xining 810001, China
| | - Rongchun Ning
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, China
- Key Laboratory of the Cold Regions Restoration Ecology, Xining 810001, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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