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Behavioral, Anti-Inflammatory, and Neuroprotective Effects of a Novel FPR2 Agonist in Two Mouse Models of Autism. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020161. [PMID: 35215274 PMCID: PMC8875614 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of heterogeneous neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by social deficits, repetitive stereotyped behaviors, and altered inflammatory responses. Accordingly, children with ASD show decreased plasma levels of lipoxin A4 (LXA4), a mediator involved in the resolution of inflammation, which is the endogenous ligand of the formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2). To investigate the role of FPR2 in ASDs, we have used a new ureidopropanamide derivative able to activate the receptor, named MR-39. The effects of MR-39 (10 mg/kg, for 8 days) on hippocampal pro-inflammatory profile, neuronal plasticity, and social behavior were evaluated in two validated animal models of ASD: BTBR mouse strain and mice prenatally exposed to valproic acid (VPA). Primary cultures of hippocampal neurons from BTBR mice were also used to evaluate the effect of MR-39 on neurite elongation. Our results show that MR-39 treatment reduced several inflammatory markers, restored the low expression of LXA4, and modulated FPR2 expression in hippocampal tissues of both ASD animal models. These findings were accompanied by a significant positive effect of MR-39 on social behavioral tests of ASD mice. Finally, MR-39 stimulates neurite elongation in isolated hippocampal neurons of BTBR mice. In conclusion, these data indicate FPR2 as a potential target for an innovative therapeutical approach for the cure of ASD.
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Jaén RI, Sánchez-García S, Fernández-Velasco M, Boscá L, Prieto P. Resolution-Based Therapies: The Potential of Lipoxins to Treat Human Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:658840. [PMID: 33968061 PMCID: PMC8102821 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.658840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is an a physiological response instead an essential response of the organism to injury and its adequate resolution is essential to restore homeostasis. However, defective resolution can be the precursor of severe forms of chronic inflammation and fibrosis. Nowadays, it is known that an excessive inflammatory response underlies the most prevalent human pathologies worldwide. Therefore, great biomedical research efforts have been driven toward discovering new strategies to promote the resolution of inflammation with fewer side-effects and more specificity than the available anti-inflammatory treatments. In this line, the use of endogenous specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) has gained a prominent interest. Among the different SPMs described, lipoxins stand out as one of the most studied and their deficiency has been widely associated with a wide range of pathologies. In this review, we examined the current knowledge on the therapeutic potential of lipoxins to treat diseases characterized by a severe inflammatory background affecting main physiological systems, paying special attention to the signaling pathways involved. Altogether, we provide an updated overview of the evidence suggesting that increasing endogenously generated lipoxins may emerge as a new therapeutic approach to prevent and treat many of the most prevalent diseases underpinned by an increased inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael I. Jaén
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María Fernández-Velasco
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de investigación del Hospital la Paz, IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lisardo Boscá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Lisardo Boscá, ; Patricia Prieto,
| | - Patricia Prieto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Lisardo Boscá, ; Patricia Prieto,
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Lipoxin A4-Mediated p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway Protects Mice Against Collagen-Induced Arthritis. Biochem Genet 2020; 59:346-365. [PMID: 33221976 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-020-10016-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the article was to study the mechanism of Lipoxin A4 (LXA4)-mediated p38 MAPK pathway protecting mice against collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). The impact of LXA4 (0, 5, 10, 15 nM) on synoviocytes proliferation of CIA mice was detected using 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. CIA mice were treated with LXA4, SB203580 (a p38 inhibitor), and/or anisomycin (a p38 agonist), and the arthritis severity score in each mouse was determined. The gene or protein expressions were detected with Western Blotting, ELISA, or qRT-PCR. LXA4 inhibited the synoviocytes proliferation of CIA mice with decreased levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IFN-γ and reduced p-p38/total p38 expression in synoviocytes in a dose-dependent manner. LXA4 levels were decreased in synovial tissues and plasma of CIA mice, but p-p38/total p38 expression was increased in synovial tissues. LXA4 could downregulate p-p38/total p38 expression in synovial tissues of CIA mice. Both LXA4 and SB203580 reduced arthritis severity score of CIA mice with the reduction of synovial tissue hyperplasia and inflammatory cell infiltration. CIA mice treated with LXA4 and SB203580 had lower levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IFN-γ, accompanying decreased MDA as well as increased SOD, CAT,and GPx. However, anisomycin could reverse the protect effects of LXA4 on CIA mice regarding the abovementioned inflammatory factors and oxidative stress indexes. LXA4 protected mice against collagen-induced arthritis via inhibiting p38 MAPK signaling pathway, which may be a potential new therapeutic target for rheumatoid arthritis.
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Huang J, Burston JJ, Li L, Ashraf S, Mapp PI, Bennett AJ, Ravipati S, Pousinis P, Barrett DA, Scammell BE, Chapman V. Targeting the D Series Resolvin Receptor System for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis Pain. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 69:996-1008. [PMID: 27860453 PMCID: PMC5763389 DOI: 10.1002/art.40001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective Pain is a major symptom of osteoarthritis (OA); currently available analgesics either do not provide adequate pain relief or are associated with serious side effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic potential of targeting the resolvin receptor system to modify OA pain and pathology. Methods Gene expression of 2 resolvin receptors (ALX and ChemR23) was quantified in synovium and medial tibial plateau specimens obtained from patients with OA at the time of joint replacement surgery. Two models of OA joint pain were used for the mechanistic studies. Gene expression in the joint and central nervous system was quantified. The effects of exogenous administration of the D series resolvin precursor 17(R)‐hydroxy‐docosahexaenoic acid (17[R]‐HDoHE) on pain behavior, joint pathology, spinal microglia, and astroglyosis were quantified. Plasma levels of relevant lipids, resolvin D2, 17(R)‐HDoHE, and arachidonic acid, were determined in rats, using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Results There was a positive correlation between resolvin receptor and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) expression in human OA synovial and medial tibial plateau tissue. In rats, synovial expression of ALX was positively correlated with expression of IL‐1β, tumor necrosis factor, and cyclooxygenase 2. Treatment with 17(R)‐HDoHE reversed established pain behavior (but not joint pathology) in 2 models of OA pain. This was associated with a significant elevation in the plasma levels of resolvin D2 and a significant reduction in astrogliosis in the spinal cord in the monosodium iodoacetate–induced OA rat model. Conclusion Our preclinical data demonstrate the robust analgesic effects of activation of the D series resolvin pathways in 2 different animal models of OA. Our data support a predominant central mechanism of action in clinically relevant models of OA pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Li Li
- University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Kleine SA, Budsberg SC. Synovial membrane receptors as therapeutic targets: A review of receptor localization, structure, and function. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:1589-1605. [PMID: 28374922 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Joint pathology and degeneration is a significant cause of pain. The synovial membrane plays an important role in maintenance of the joint, contributes to the pathology of many arthropathies and may be adversely affected in joint disease. Improving knowledge of the receptors present within the synovium will aid in a better understanding of joint pathology and the development of new treatments for diseases such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Knowledge of the location and function of synovial membrane receptors (both in healthy and diseased synovium) may provide important targets in the treatment of various arthropathies. Classic pain receptors such as opioid receptors in the synovium are a mainstay in local and systemic management of chronic pain in many species. In addition to these, many other receptors such as bradykinin, neurokinin, transient receptor potential vanilloid, and inflammatory receptors, such as prostanoid and interleukin receptors have been discovered within the synovial membrane. These receptors are important in pain, inflammation, and in maintenance of normal joint function and may serve as targets for pharmacologic intervention in pathologic states. The goal of this review is to outline synovial membrane receptor localization and local therapeutic modulation of these receptors, in order to stimulate further research into pharmacological management of arthropathies at the local level. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:1589-1605, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Kleine
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 2200 College Station Road, Athens 30602, Georgia
| | - Steven C Budsberg
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 2200 College Station Road, Athens 30602, Georgia
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Lipoxin A4 methyl ester ameliorates cognitive deficits induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion through activating ERK/Nrf2 signaling pathway in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2014; 124:145-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2014.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Aspirin modulates innate inflammatory response and inhibits the entry of Trypanosoma cruzi in mouse peritoneal macrophages. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:580919. [PMID: 25045211 PMCID: PMC4089847 DOI: 10.1155/2014/580919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The intracellular protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi causes Chagas disease, a serious disorder that affects millions of people in Latin America. Cell invasion by T. cruzi and its intracellular replication are essential to the parasite's life cycle and for the development of Chagas disease. Here, we present evidence suggesting the involvement of the host's cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme during T. cruzi invasion. Pharmacological antagonist for COX-1, aspirin (ASA), caused marked inhibition of T. cruzi infection when peritoneal macrophages were pretreated with ASA for 30 min at 37°C before inoculation. This inhibition was associated with increased production of IL-1β and nitric oxide (NO(∙)) by macrophages. The treatment of macrophages with either NOS inhibitors or prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) restored the invasive action of T. cruzi in macrophages previously treated with ASA. Lipoxin ALX-receptor antagonist Boc2 reversed the inhibitory effect of ASA on trypomastigote invasion. Our results indicate that PGE2, NO(∙), and lipoxins are involved in the regulation of anti-T. cruzi activity by macrophages, providing a better understanding of the role of prostaglandins in innate inflammatory response to T. cruzi infection as well as adding a new perspective to specific immune interventions.
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Distinct signaling cascades elicited by different formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) agonists. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:7193-230. [PMID: 23549262 PMCID: PMC3645683 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14047193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) is a remarkably versatile transmembrane protein belonging to the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) family. FPR2 is activated by an array of ligands, which include structurally unrelated lipids and peptide/proteins agonists, resulting in different intracellular responses in a ligand-specific fashion. In addition to the anti-inflammatory lipid, lipoxin A4, several other endogenous agonists also bind FPR2, including serum amyloid A, glucocorticoid-induced annexin 1, urokinase and its receptor, suggesting that the activation of FPR2 may result in potent pro- or anti-inflammatory responses. Other endogenous ligands, also present in biological samples, include resolvins, amyloidogenic proteins, such as beta amyloid (Aβ)-42 and prion protein (Prp)106–126, the neuroprotective peptide, humanin, antibacterial peptides, annexin 1-derived peptides, chemokine variants, the neuropeptides, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP)-27, and mitochondrial peptides. Upon activation, intracellular domains of FPR2 mediate signaling to G-proteins, which trigger several agonist-dependent signal transduction pathways, including activation of phospholipase C (PLC), protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms, the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, p38MAPK, as well as the phosphorylation of cytosolic tyrosine kinases, tyrosine kinase receptor transactivation, phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of regulatory transcriptional factors, release of calcium and production of oxidants. FPR2 is an attractive therapeutic target, because of its involvement in a range of normal physiological processes and pathological diseases. Here, we review and discuss the most significant findings on the intracellular pathways and on the cross-communication between FPR2 and tyrosine kinase receptors triggered by different FPR2 agonists.
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Chinthamani S, Odusanwo O, Mondal N, Nelson J, Neelamegham S, Baker OJ. Lipoxin A4 inhibits immune cell binding to salivary epithelium and vascular endothelium. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2011; 302:C968-78. [PMID: 22205391 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00259.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipoxins are formed by leukocytes during cell-cell interactions with epithelial or endothelial cells. Native lipoxin A(4) (LXA(4)) binds to the G protein-coupled lipoxin receptors formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2)/ALX and CysLT1. Furthermore, LXA(4) inhibits recruitment of neutrophils, by attenuating chemotaxis, adhesion, and transmigration across vascular endothelial cells. LXA(4) thus appears to serve as an endogenous "stop signal" for immune cell-mediated tissue injury (Serhan CN; Annu Rev Immunol 25: 101-137, 2007). The role of LXA(4) has not been addressed in salivary epithelium, and little is known about its effects on vascular endothelium. Here, we determined that interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) receptor activation in vascular endothelium and salivary epithelium upregulated the expression of adhesion molecules that facilitates the binding of immune cells. We hypothesize that the activation of the ALX/FPR2 and/or CysLT1 receptors by LXA(4) decreases this cytokine-mediated upregulation of cell adhesion molecules that enhance lymphocyte binding to both the vascular endothelium and salivary epithelium. In agreement with this hypothesis, we observed that nanomolar concentrations of LXA(4) blocked IL-1β- and TNF-α-mediated upregulation of E-selectin and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Binding of Jurkat cells to stimulated HUVECs was abrogated by LXA(4). Furthermore, LXA(4) preincubation with human submandibular gland cell line (HSG) also blocked TNF-α-mediated upregulation of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in these cells, and it reduced lymphocyte adhesion. These findings suggest that ALX/FPR2 and/or CysLT1 receptor activation in endothelial and epithelial cells blocks cytokine-induced adhesion molecule expression and consequent binding of lymphocytes, a critical event in the pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome (SS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreedevi Chinthamani
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 14214-3092, USA
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Dufton N, Perretti M. Therapeutic anti-inflammatory potential of formyl-peptide receptor agonists. Pharmacol Ther 2010; 127:175-88. [PMID: 20546777 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The need for novel anti-inflammatory drugs justifies the search for innovative targets that could satisfy this goal. For quite some time now, we have proposed the study of endogenous anti-inflammation as a distinctive approach to the discovery of new drugs. This approach requires development of new compounds that activate specific receptor targets to downregulate the cellular and tissue pathways operative in the host during inflammation. Here we dwell on a family of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) termed FPRs, acronym for formyl-peptide receptors. With three and seven members in man and mouse, respectively, these receptors harness many biological functions, spanning odour perception and hair growth, to the control of multiple facets (pain; cell migration; oxidative burst; xenobiotic engulfment) of the inflammatory reaction. We focus on FPR biology with particular attention to molecules able to produce pharmacological effects by interacting with these GPCRs, describing endogenous agonists of FPRs and, more relevantly, the current development of synthetic agonists. Besides being potential leads for the development of the anti-inflammatory therapeutics of the future, these compounds could also help clarify the properties and roles that each FPR might play in the complex network of pathways that is inflammation. We conclude that FPR2 agonists could be valid warhorses for defining a novel philosophy for anti-inflammatory drug discovery programmes: mimicking - with new compounds - the way our body disposes of inflammation could be a viable approach to regulate aberrant inflammatory responses as in the case of several chronic rheumatic and cardiovascular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Dufton
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Kure I, Nishiumi S, Nishitani Y, Tanoue T, Ishida T, Mizuno M, Fujita T, Kutsumi H, Arita M, Azuma T, Yoshida M. Lipoxin A(4) reduces lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in macrophages and intestinal epithelial cells through inhibition of nuclear factor-kappaB activation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2009; 332:541-8. [PMID: 19846590 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.109.159046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoxins, which are bioactive lipids derived from omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, play important roles in various biological functions. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effects of lipoxin A(4) (LXA4; 5S,6R,15S-trihydroxy-7,9,13-trans-11-eicosatetraenoic acid) were investigated in in vitro cultured cell experiments and in vivo animal experiments. In mouse peritoneal macrophages and mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7 cells, LXA4 reduced the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced increase in the mRNA expression level of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. LXA4 also reduced the LPS-induced nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB). In an LPS-induced acute inflammation mouse model, the injection of LXA4 at 5 microg/kg b.wt. led to down-regulation of the TNF-alpha level in serum and the TNF-alpha mRNA expression level in intestinal epithelial cells. Moreover, LXA4 reduced the LPS-caused phosphorylation of IkappaB kinases, IkappaB, and NF-kappaB, the degradation of IkappaB, and the nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB in intestinal epithelial cells. In a coculture system using RAW264.7 cells and human colon carcinoma cell line Caco-2 cells, treatment with LXA4 to Caco-2 cells led to reduction of LPS-evoked TNF-alpha production in RAW264.7 cells and interleukin-8 mRNA expression in Caco-2 cells. These results indicate that LXA4 exerts anti-inflammatory effects through inhibition of NF-kappaB activation, and, therefore, LXA4 may be useful as a therapeutic strategy against intestinal mucosa inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izumi Kure
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
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Design and synthesis of benzo-lipoxin A4 analogs with enhanced stability and potent anti-inflammatory properties. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:1382-7. [PMID: 18249111 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2007] [Revised: 12/31/2007] [Accepted: 01/03/2008] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A new class of chemically and metabolically stable lipoxin analogs featuring a replacement of the tetraene unit of native LXA(4) with a substituted benzo-fused ring system have been designed and studied. These molecules were readily synthesized via a convergent synthetic route involving iterative palladium-mediated cross-coupling, and exhibit enhanced chemical stability, as well as resistance to metabolic inactivation via eicosanoid oxido-reductase. These new LX analogs were evaluated in a model of acute inflammation and were shown to exhibit potent anti-inflammatory properties, significantly decreasing neutrophil infiltration in vivo. The most potent among these was compound 9 (o-[9,12]-benzo-15-epi-LXA(4) methyl ester. Taken together, these findings help identify a new class of stable and easily prepared LX analogs that may serve as novel tools and as promising leads for new anti-inflammatory agents with improved therapeutic profile.
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Hazenberg BPC, Bijzet J, Limburg PC, Skinner M, Hawkins PN, Butrimiene I, Livneh A, Lesnyak O, Nasonov EL, Filipowicz-Sosnowska A, Gül A, Merlini G, Wiland P, Ozdogan H, Gorevic PD, Maïz HB, Benson MD, Direskeneli H, Kaarela K, Garceau D, Hauck W, Van Rijswijk MH. Diagnostic performance of amyloid A protein quantification in fat tissue of patients with clinical AA amyloidosis. Amyloid 2007; 14:133-40. [PMID: 17577686 DOI: 10.1080/13506120701260224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Amyloid A protein quantification in fat tissue is a new immunochemical method for detecting AA amyloidosis, a rare but serious disease. The objective was to assess diagnostic performance in clinical AA amyloidosis. METHODS Abdominal subcutaneous fat tissue of patients with AA amyloidosis was studied at the start of an international clinical trial with eprodisate (NC-503; 1,3-propanedisulfonate; Kiacta), an antiamyloid compound. All patients had renal findings, i.e. proteinuria (> or =1 g/day) or reduced creatinine clearance (20 - 60 ml/min). Controls were patients with other types of amyloidosis and arthritic patients without amyloidosis. Amyloid A protein was quantified by ELISA using monoclonal antihuman serum amyloid A antibodies. Congo red stained slides were scored by light microscopy in a semiquantitative way (0 to 4+). RESULTS Ample fat tissue (>50 mg) was available for analysis in 154 of 183 patients with AA amyloidosis and in 354 controls. The sensitivity of amyloid A protein quantification for detection of AA amyloidosis (>11.6 ng/mg fat tissue) was 84% (95% CI: 77 - 89%) and specificity 99% (95% CI: 98 - 100%). Amyloid A protein quantification and semiquantitative Congo red scoring were concordant. Men had lower amyloid A protein values than women (p < 0.0001) and patients with familial Mediterranean fever had lower values than patients with arthritis (p < 0.001) or other inflammatory diseases (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Amyloid A protein quantification in fat tissue is a sensitive and specific method for detection of clinical AA amyloidosis. Advantages are independence from staining quality and observer experience, direct confirmation of amyloid AA type, and potential for quantitative monitoring of tissue amyloid over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bouke P C Hazenberg
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Putting the brakes on neutrophils. Blood 2006. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2005-12-4936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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