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Polopalli S, Yetukuri AR, Danduga RCSR, Kola PK. A prognostic study on the effect of post-traumatic stress disorder on cerebral ischaemia reperfusion-induced stroke. World J Biol Psychiatry 2022; 23:136-150. [PMID: 34165039 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2021.1935318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous studies have been established that persons who experienced a stroke are soon likely to develop several anxiety disorders. In which one of the major anxiety disorders is Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Yet, the likelihood of PTSD in conjunction with cerebral stroke has not been well described. Hence, we evaluated the impact of PTSD on cerebral stroke in rodents subjected to single prolonged stress (SPS) and bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAo), respectively. METHODS The relation between PTSD and cerebral stroke is evaluated by performing behavioural, biochemical, histopathological, and brain lesion area measurement studies. RESULTS Interestingly, SPS + BCCAo induction increased behavioural abnormalities like cognitive impairment and anxiety-like behaviour compared to SPS and BCCAo groups alone. Motor impairment was also observed in SPS + BCCAo rats compared to SPS rats, whereas no change with BCCAo rats. Furthermore, increased brain tissue MDA, acetylcholinesterase, and decreased SOD, catalase, and GSH were observed in SPS + BCCAo subjected rats compared to SPS and BCCAo rats alone. Additionally, SPS + BCCAo induction considerably increased the plasma corticosterone levels and caused severe neurotransmitter alterations. The SPS + BCCAo exposure significantly increased the brain lesion area in comparison with BCCAo rats. Moreover, severe histopathological alterations were observed in the hippocampus (CA1) of SPS + BCCAo rats compared to SPS and BCCAo rats alone. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our study results suggested that SPS-induced PTSD may aggravate the BCCAo induced cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramanyam Polopalli
- Department of Pharmacology, Vishnu Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Narsapur, Medak, India.,Department of Pharmacology, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar, India
| | - Amulya Rani Yetukuri
- Department of Pharmacology, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar, India
| | | | - Phani Kumar Kola
- Department of Pharmacology, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar, India
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Iloprost Attenuates Oxidative Stress-Dependent Activation of Collagen Synthesis Induced by Sera from Scleroderma Patients in Human Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164729. [PMID: 34443317 PMCID: PMC8399120 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell injury is an early event in systemic sclerosis (SSc) pathogenesis and several studies indicate oxidative stress as the trigger of SSc-associated vasculopathy. Here, we show that circulating factors present in sera of SSc patients increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and collagen synthesis in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs). In addition, the possibility that iloprost, a drug commonly used in SSc therapy, might modulate the above-mentioned biological phenomena has been also investigated. In this regard, as compared to sera of SSc patients, sera of iloprost-treated SSc patients failed to increased ROS levels and collagen synthesis in HPMEC, suggesting a potential antioxidant mechanism of this drug.
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Karaçor T, Dogan Z, Elibol E, Bulbul M, Nacar MC. Effects of iloprost on experimental ischemia and reperfusion injury in rat ovary. Biotech Histochem 2020; 95:373-380. [PMID: 31937143 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2019.1703219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the protective effect of iloprost against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rat ovary. We used 32 female Sprague-Dawley rats randomly allocated to four experimental groups: sham, ischemia, I/R and I/R + iloprost. Ovarian torsion was established in all rats except the sham group. The torsion group was exposed to ischemia for 3 h. The detorsion group was exposed to 3 h ischemia applied + 3 h reperfusion. The detorsion + iloprost group was exposed to ischemia for 3 h + reperfusion for 3 h + intravenous (IV) iloprost infusion for 60 min starting at the beginning of reperfusion. Ovaries were removed and prepared for histopathological evaluation. Reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in the blood. The total histopathological injury score and MDA level of the ischemia group were significantly higher than for the sham group. Ovarian injury score and MDA level following I/R increased compared to the ischemia group. Iloprost administration reduced the total injury score and MDA level. The GSH level was higher in the I/R + iloprost group than in the I/R group. We concluded that IV iloprost administration reduces I/R injury in rat ovarian tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Karaçor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Z Dogan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - E Elibol
- Faculty of Medicine Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - M Bulbul
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - M C Nacar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey
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Resveratrol loaded solid lipid nanoparticles attenuate mitochondrial oxidative stress in vascular dementia by activating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Neurochem Int 2018; 112:239-254. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Ramagiri S, Taliyan R. Remote limb ischemic post conditioning during early reperfusion alleviates cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury via GSK-3β/CREB/ BDNF pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 803:84-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Du SQ, Wang XR, Xiao LY, Tu JF, Zhu W, He T, Liu CZ. Molecular Mechanisms of Vascular Dementia: What Can Be Learned from Animal Models of Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion? Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:3670-3682. [PMID: 27206432 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9915-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VD) is defined as a progressive neurodegenerative disease of cognitive decline, attributable to cerebrovascular factors. Numerous studies have demonstrated that chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is associated with the initiation and progression of VD and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Suitable animal models were established to replicate such pathological condition in experimental research, which contributes largely to comprehending causal relationships between CCH and cognitive impairment. The most widely used experimental model of VD and CCH is permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion in rats. In CCH models, changes of learning and memory, cerebral blood flow (CBF), energy metabolism, and neuropathology initiated by ischemia were revealed. However, in order to achieve potential therapeutic targets, particular mechanisms in cognitive and neuropathological changes from CCH to dementia should be investigated. Recent studies have shown that hypoperfusion resulted in a chain of disruption of homeostatic interactions, including oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, neurotransmitter system dysfunction, mitochondrial dysfunction, disturbance of lipid metabolism, and alterations of growth factors. Evidence from experimental studies that elucidate the damaging effects of such imbalances suggests their critical roles in the pathogenesis of VD. The present review provides a summary of the achievements in mechanisms made with the CCH models, permits an understanding of the causative role played by CCH in VD, and highlights preventative and therapeutic prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Qi Du
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Capital Medical University, 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Xue-Rui Wang
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Capital Medical University, 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Ling-Yong Xiao
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jian-Feng Tu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wen Zhu
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Capital Medical University, 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Tian He
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Capital Medical University, 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Cun-Zhi Liu
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Capital Medical University, 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100010, China.
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Matin N, Fisher C, Jackson WF, Dorrance AM. Bilateral common carotid artery stenosis in normotensive rats impairs endothelium-dependent dilation of parenchymal arterioles. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 310:H1321-9. [PMID: 26968546 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00890.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion is a risk factor for cognitive impairment. Reduced blood flow through the common carotid arteries induced by bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) is a physiologically relevant model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. We hypothesized that BCAS in 20-wk-old Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats would impair cognitive function and lead to reduced endothelium-dependent dilation and outward remodeling in the parenchymal arterioles (PAs). After 8 wk of BCAS, both short-term memory and spatial discrimination abilities were impaired. In vivo assessment of cerebrovascular reserve capacity showed a severe impairment after BCAS. PA endothelial function and structure were assessed by pressure myography. BCAS impaired endothelial function in PAs, as evidenced by reduced dilation to carbachol. Addition of nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase inhibitors did not change carbachol-mediated dilation in either group. Inhibiting CYP epoxygenase, the enzyme that produces epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EETs), a key determinant of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF)-mediated dilation, abolished dilation in PAs from Sham rats, but had no effect in PAs from BCAS rats. Expression of TRPV4 channels, a target for EETs, was decreased and maximal dilation to a TRPV4 agonist was attenuated after BCAS. Together these data suggest that EET-mediated dilation is impaired in PAs after BCAS. Thus impaired endothelium-dependent dilation in the PAs may be one of the contributing factors to the cognitive impairment observed after BCAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat Matin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Courtney Fisher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - William F Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Anne M Dorrance
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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Kim MS, Bang JH, Lee J, Han JS, Kang HW, Jeon WK. Fructus mume Ethanol Extract Prevents Inflammation and Normalizes the Septohippocampal Cholinergic System in a Rat Model of Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion. J Med Food 2015; 19:196-204. [PMID: 26714236 PMCID: PMC4754510 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2015.3512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fructus mume (F. mume), the unripe fruit of Prunus mume, has long been used in Asian countries to treat cough and chronic diarrhea. We previously reported that F. mume exerts anti-inflammatory effects in a model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH), a key etiological factor of vascular dementia (VaD). The present study was performed to investigate the protective effects of an ethanolic extract of F. mume on the inflammatory response and cholinergic dysfunction in a model of CCH induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAo) in Wistar rats. Rats were assigned to three treatment groups: sham plus vehicle, BCCAo plus vehicle, and BCCAo plus F. mume extract (200 mg/kg). F. mume was administered by oral gavage from days 21 to 42 following BCCAo. Glial cell numbers were measured in the white matter and hippocampus. The hippocampal expressions of proinflammatory cytokines, angiotensin-II (Ang-II), receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) were also evaluated. Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) levels in the hippocampus and basal forebrain were examined. Rats with BCCAo showed an increase in the number of glial cells and levels of proinflammatory cytokines, Ang-II, RAGE, and MAPKs, all of which were significantly attenuated by F. mume treatment. F. mume administration also restored ChAT expression in the basal forebrain and hippocampus following chronic BCCAo. These results suggest that F. mume is a potentially valuable drug or nutraceutical for the treatment of VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Soo Kim
- 1 Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine , Daejeon, Korea.,2 Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hye Bang
- 1 Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine , Daejeon, Korea.,3 Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keimyung University , Daegu, Korea
| | - Jun Lee
- 1 Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine , Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jung-Soo Han
- 2 Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Won Kang
- 4 Department of Neuropsychiatry, College of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University , Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kyung Jeon
- 1 Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine , Daejeon, Korea
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Castaño Guerrero Y, González Fraguela M, Fernández Verdecia I, Horruitiner Gutiérrez I, Piedras Carpio S. Changes in oxidative metabolism and memory and learning in a cerebral hypoperfusion model in rats. NEUROLOGÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2012.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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10
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Castaño Guerrero Y, González Fraguela ME, Fernández Verdecia I, Horruitiner Gutiérrez I, Piedras Carpio S. Changes in oxidative metabolism and memory and learning in an cerebral hypoperfusion model in rats. Neurologia 2012; 28:1-8. [PMID: 22795923 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2012.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Revised: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic hypoperfusion in rats produces memory and learning impairments due to permanent occlusion of commun carotid arteries (POCCA). Molecular mechanisms leading to behavioural disorders have been poorly studied. For this reason, the aim of the present study was to characterise oxidative metabolism disorders and their implications in memory and learning impairments. METHODS Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were determined in cortex, hippocampus and striatum homogenates at 24 hours and at 22 days after the lesion. Haematoxylin-eosin staining and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactivity were performed on coronal sections. Behavioural impairments were explored using the Morris water maze (MWM). Escape latencies were determined in all behavioural studies. RESULTS The lesion induced a significant increase (P<.01) in CAT activity in the cortex at 24 hours, while SOD activity was significantly higher (P<.01) in the cortex and hippocampus at 22 days. An intense vacuolization was observed in the cortex and striatum as a result of the lesion. A neuronal loss in the striatum and hippocampus was observed. The glial reaction increased in the cortex and striatum. Visual alterations were observed in the lesion group with the lowest evolution time (P<.001). Escape latencies, corresponding to MWM schemes for long-term and short-term memory evaluation increased significantly (P<.05) in both groups of lesioned animals. CONCLUSION It was concluded that changes in SOD and CAT activities indicate a possible implication of oxidative imbalance in the pathology associated with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. In addition, the POCCA model in rats is useful for understanding mechanisms by which cerebral hypoperfusion produces memory and learning impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Castaño Guerrero
- Departamento de Virología, Laboratorio de Diagnóstico, Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kourí, La Habana, Cuba.
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Cechetti F, Worm PV, Elsner VR, Bertoldi K, Sanches E, Ben J, Siqueira IR, Netto CA. Forced treadmill exercise prevents oxidative stress and memory deficits following chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in the rat. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2012; 97:90-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2011.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Revised: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Márquez-Martín A, Jiménez-Altayó F, Dantas AP, Caracuel L, Planas AM, Vila E. Middle cerebral artery alterations in a rat chronic hypoperfusion model. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2011; 112:511-8. [PMID: 22096118 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00998.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CHP) induces microvascular changes that could contribute to the progression of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia in the aging brain. This study aimed to analyze the effects of CHP on structural, mechanical, and myogenic properties of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) after bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) in adult male Wistar rats. Sham animals underwent a similar surgical procedure without carotid artery (CA) ligation. After 15 days of occlusion, MCA and CA were dissected and MCA structural, mechanical, and myogenic properties were assessed by pressure myography. Collagen I/III expression was determined by immunofluorescence in MCA and CA and by Western blot in CA. mRNA levels for 1A1, 1A2, and 3A1 collagen subunits were quantified by quantitative real-time PCR in CA. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, and MMP-13) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) protein expression were determined in CA by Western blot. BCCAO diminished cross-sectional area, wall thickness, and wall-to-lumen ratio. Nevertheless, whereas wall stress was increased, stiffness was not modified and myogenic response was diminished. Hypoperfusion triggered HIF-1α expression. Collagen I/III protein expression diminished in MCA and CA after BCCAO, despite increased mRNA levels for 1A1 and 3A1 collagen subunits. Therefore, the reduced collagen expression might be due to proteolytic degradation, since the expression of MMP-1 and MMP-9 increased in the CA. These data suggest that BCCAO induces hypotrophic remodeling by a mechanism that involves a reduction of collagen I/III in association with increased MMP-1 and MMP-9 and that decreases myogenic tone in major arteries supplying the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Márquez-Martín
- Departament de Farmacologia, Terapèutica i Toxicologia, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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Yun HS, Kim JK, Song MK, Seon HJ, Han JY, Choi IS, Lee SG. Effect of Regular Exercise Program on Cognitive Function in Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfused Rat. BRAIN & NEUROREHABILITATION 2011. [DOI: 10.12786/bn.2011.4.2.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Sik Yun
- Department of Physical & Rehabilitation Medicine, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Center for Aging and Geriatrics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Korea
| | - Jung-Kook Kim
- Department of Physical & Rehabilitation Medicine, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Center for Aging and Geriatrics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Korea
| | - Min-Keun Song
- Department of Physical & Rehabilitation Medicine, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Center for Aging and Geriatrics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jeong Seon
- Department of Physical & Rehabilitation Medicine, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Center for Aging and Geriatrics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Korea
| | - Jae-Young Han
- Department of Physical & Rehabilitation Medicine, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Center for Aging and Geriatrics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Korea
| | - In-Sung Choi
- Department of Physical & Rehabilitation Medicine, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Center for Aging and Geriatrics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Korea
| | - Sam-Gyu Lee
- Department of Physical & Rehabilitation Medicine, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Center for Aging and Geriatrics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Korea
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The effects of iloprost, a prostacyclin analogue, in experimental ischaemia/reperfusion injury in rat ovaries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 61:519-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2009.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2009] [Revised: 05/08/2009] [Accepted: 06/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Giuliodori G, Fraticelli P, Bartolini M, Cagnetti C, Baruffaldi R, Rocchi MBL, Provinciali L, Gabrielli A, Silvestrini M. Cognitive and cerebral hemodynamic impairment in scleroderma patients. Eur J Neurol 2009; 16:1285-90. [PMID: 19538203 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02714.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSES Neurological involvement in systemic sclerosis is unusual despite the possible cerebral localization of vascular lesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate cognitive performances and cerebral vasoreactivity in young scleroderma patients without any signs or symptoms of nervous system involvement. METHODS Sixteen scleroderma patients and 16 sex- and age-matched healthy subjects without vascular risk factors were included. A neuropsychological assessment for the evaluation of different areas of cognition was performed. For an assessment of cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), each subject was submitted to hypercapnia with transcranial Doppler ultrasonography using the Breath-Holding Index (BHI). RESULTS Patients had significantly lower adjusted mean levels of performance with respect to controls in the Modified Card Sorting Test (P < 0.001) and in the Trail Making Test Parts A and B (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05 respectively). Regarding CVR, BHI values were significantly lower in patients with respect to controls: 0.82 +/- 0.44 vs. 1.34 +/- 0.18, P < 0.0001. CONCLUSIONS These findings show the presence of reduced performances of executive functions in scleroderma patients. The associated alteration of CVR in the absence of other apparent causes of cerebrovascular impairment suggests that cognitive problems may be related to an alteration in cerebral perfusion regulation specifically linked to the disease. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether cognitive changes may be positively influenced by treatments aimed to improve vessels functionality in scleroderma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Giuliodori
- Neuroscience Department, Neurological Clinic, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
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16
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Iloprost Pretreatment Before Unilateral Nephrectomy: An Experimental Study in Rats. Asian J Surg 2008; 31:69-74. [DOI: 10.1016/s1015-9584(08)60061-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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17
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Institoris A, Farkas E, Berczi S, Sule Z, Bari F. Effects of cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition on memory impairment and hippocampal damage in the early period of cerebral hypoperfusion in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 574:29-38. [PMID: 17719573 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2007] [Revised: 07/02/2007] [Accepted: 07/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion is related to neurological disorders and contributes to a cognitive decline. Its experimental model in rats is permanent, bilateral common carotid artery occlusion. The cyclooxygenase (COX) system plays a pivotal role in the evolution of ischemic brain damage. Several COX inhibitors have proved to be neuroprotective in stroke models. We set out to characterize the effects of COX inhibitors in rats with permanent cerebral hypoperfusion. Some of the animals were exposed to two-vessel occlusion (n=72), while the others served as sham-operated controls (n=54). This was followed by a 3-day post-treatment with the nonselective COX inhibitor indomethacin (3 mg/kg) or with the selective COX-2 inhibitor NS-398 (15 mg/kg) or with the solvent. Some groups of the animals were sacrificed after 3 days, while the remainder were tested in the Morris watermaze for 5 days, and were sacrificed after 2 weeks. Neurons in the hippocampus were subjected to immunocytochemical labeling with cresyl violet, the dendrites with microtubule-associated protein-2, astrocytes with glial fibrillary acidic protein and microglia activation with OX-42 antibody. Two-vessel occlusion induced a learning impairment, mild neuronal damage, marked dendritic injury and moderate astrocytic reaction in the hippocampus. NS-398, but not indomethacin improved the survival rate and abolished the learning disability. However, both drugs increased the proportion of animals displaying neuronal damage. Glial markers revealed a time-dependent elevation in both the sham and the two-vessel occluded group, and were unaffected by the treatments. In summary, NS-398 prevented the hypoperfusion-induced memory impairment, but not by protecting the hippocampal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Institoris
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Dóm tér 10, Hungary.
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Volpe A, Biasi D, Caramaschi P, Bambara LM, Carletto A, Degan M, Minuz P. Iloprost infusion does not reduce oxidative stress in systemic sclerosis. Rheumatol Int 2007; 28:335-7. [PMID: 17704920 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-007-0443-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2007] [Accepted: 07/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis is a connective tissue disease in which oxidative stress represents an important player among the complex pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease. Iloprost, an analogue of natural prostacyclin, is used in systemic sclerosis for the treatment of severe Raynaud's phenomenon and ischemic ulcers. There is a clear evidence that iloprost attenuates oxidative damage induced by ischemia-reperfusion phenomena. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of iloprost on oxidative status in ten patients with systemic sclerosis by measuring urinary levels of 8-isoprostaglandin-F(2alpha), a member of F(2)-isoprostanes. We found that systemic sclerosis patients cyclically treated with iloprost showed increased urinary level of 8-isoprostaglandin-F(2alpha )in comparison with healthy subjects; urinary 8-isoprostaglandin-F(2alpha) did not diminish soon after the iloprost infusion as well as 3, 15 and 30 days after the drug administration. Unlike experimental studies, in vivo the strong vasodilator effect of iloprost infusion did not reduce oxidative status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Volpe
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Verona, P.le LA Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy.
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Farkas E, Luiten PGM, Bari F. Permanent, bilateral common carotid artery occlusion in the rat: a model for chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-related neurodegenerative diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 54:162-80. [PMID: 17296232 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2007.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 510] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2006] [Revised: 12/30/2006] [Accepted: 01/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion has been associated with cognitive decline in aging and Alzheimer's disease. Moreover, the pattern of cerebral blood flow in mild cognitive impairment has emerged as a predictive marker for the progression into Alzheimer's disease. The reconstruction of a pathological condition in animal models is a suitable approach to the unraveling of causal relationships. For this reason, permanent, bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries (2VO) in rats has been established as a procedure to investigate the effects of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion on cognitive dysfunction and neurodegenerative processes. Over the years, the 2VO model has generated a large amount of data, revealing the 2VO-related pattern of cerebral hypoperfusion and metabolic changes, learning and memory disturbances, failure of neuronal signaling, and the neuropathological changes in the hippocampus. In addition, the model has been introduced in research into ischemic white matter injury and ischemic eye disease. The present survey sets out to provide a comprehensive summary of the achievements made with the 2VO model, and a critical evaluation and integration of the various results, and to relate the experimental data to human diseases. The data that have accumulated from use of the 2VO model in the rat permit an understanding of the causative role played by cerebral hypoperfusion in neurodegenerative diseases. Thorough characterization of the model suggests that 2VO in the rat is suitable for the development of potentially neuroprotective strategies in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Farkas
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Szeged, H-6701 Szeged, P.O. Box 427, Hungary.
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