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Guo B, Xue M, Zhang T, Gan H, Lin R, Liu M, Liao Y, Lyu J, Zheng P, Sun B. Correlation between immune-related Tryptophan-Kynurenine pathway and severity of severe pneumonia and inflammation-related polyunsaturated fatty acids. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e1088. [PMID: 38018595 PMCID: PMC10659755 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune dysfunction and oxidative stress caused by severe pneumonia can lead to multiple organ dysfunction and even death, causing a significant impact on health and the economy. Currently, great progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease, but the mortality rate remains high (approximately 50%). Therefore, there is still potential for further exploration of the immune response mechanisms against severe pneumonia. OBJECTIVE This study analyzed the difference in serum metabolic profiles between patients with severe pneumonia and health individuals through metabolomics, aiming to uncover the correlation between the Tryptophan-Kynurenine pathway and the severity of severe pneumonia, as well as N-3/N-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). METHODS In this study, 44 patients with severe pneumonia and 37 health controls were selected. According to the changes in the disease symptoms within the 7 days of admission, the patients were divided into aggravation (n = 22) and remission (n = 22) groups. Targeted metabolomics techniques were performed to quantify serum metabolites and analyze changes between groups. RESULTS Metabolomics analysis showed that serum kynurenine and kynurenine/tryptophan (K/T) were significantly increased and tryptophan was significantly decreased in patients with severe pneumonia; HETE and HEPE in lipids increased significantly, while eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), α-linolenic acid (linolenic acid, α-LNA), arachidonic acid (ARA), Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA), and 13(s)-hydroperoxylinoleic acid (HPODE) decreased significantly. Additionally, the longitudinal comparison revealed that Linolenic acid, DPA, and Tryptophan increased significantly in the remission group, while and kynurenine and K/T decreased significantly. In the aggravation group, Kynurenine and K/T increased significantly, while ARA, 8(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE), 11(S)-HETE, and Tryptophan decreased significantly. The correlation analysis matrix demonstrated that Tryptophan was positively correlated with DGLA, 12(S)-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (HEPE), ARA, EPA, α-LNA, DHA, and DPA. Kynurenine was positively correlated with 8(S)-HETE and negatively correlated with DHA. Additionally, K/T was negatively correlated with DGLA, ARA, EPA, α-LNA, DHA, and DPA. CONCLUSION This study revealed that during severe pneumonia, the Tryptophan-Kynurenine pathway was activated and was positively correlated with the disease progression. On the other hand, the activation of the Tryptophan-Kynurenine pathway was negatively correlated with N-3/N-6 PUFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojun Guo
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryNational Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center, Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center)GuangzhouChina
- School of MedicineHenan UniversityKaifengHenanChina
| | - Mingshan Xue
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryNational Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center, Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center)GuangzhouChina
| | - Teng Zhang
- China Institute for Radiation ProtectionTaiyuanChina
| | - Hui Gan
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryNational Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center, Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center)GuangzhouChina
| | - Runpei Lin
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryNational Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center, Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center)GuangzhouChina
| | - Mingtao Liu
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryNational Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center, Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center)GuangzhouChina
| | - Yuhong Liao
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryNational Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center, Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center)GuangzhouChina
| | - Jiali Lyu
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryNational Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center, Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center)GuangzhouChina
| | - Peiyan Zheng
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryNational Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center, Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center)GuangzhouChina
| | - Baoqing Sun
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryNational Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center, Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center)GuangzhouChina
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Stone TW, Williams RO. Interactions of IDO and the Kynurenine Pathway with Cell Transduction Systems and Metabolism at the Inflammation-Cancer Interface. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15112895. [PMID: 37296860 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15112895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying a relationship between inflammation and cancer are unclear, but much emphasis has been placed on the role of tryptophan metabolism to kynurenine and downstream metabolites, as these make a substantial contribution to the regulation of immune tolerance and susceptibility to cancer. The proposed link is supported by the induction of tryptophan metabolism by indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) or tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO), in response to injury, infection or stress. This review will summarize the kynurenine pathway and will then focus on the bi-directional interactions with other transduction pathways and cancer-related factors. The kynurenine pathway can interact with and modify activity in many other transduction systems, potentially generating an extended web of effects other than the direct effects of kynurenine and its metabolites. Conversely, the pharmacological targeting of those other systems could greatly enhance the efficacy of changes in the kynurenine pathway. Indeed, manipulating those interacting pathways could affect inflammatory status and tumor development indirectly via the kynurenine pathway, while pharmacological modulation of the kynurenine pathway could indirectly influence anti-cancer protection. While current efforts are progressing to account for the failure of selective IDO1 inhibitors to inhibit tumor growth and to devise means of circumventing the issue, it is clear that there are wider factors involving the relationship between kynurenines and cancer that merit detailed consideration as alternative drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor W Stone
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Richard O Williams
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
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Li Y, Piao X, Xu T, Zhang B, Shen X, Cheng XW, Zheng S. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor protected against brain injury in a rat cerebral hemorrhage model by modulating inflammation. Exp Anim 2022; 71:193-203. [PMID: 34853239 PMCID: PMC9130042 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.21-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been reported to exert a protective effect against secondary brain damage, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We explored the ability of G-CSF to protect the brain from injury in a rat autologous blood-induced model of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), with a special focus on the anti-inflammation effect. An ICH was induced in 8-week-old male rats by an infusion of autologous blood, and the rats were then randomly assigned to five treatment groups: sham, ICH, and ICH+ low-dose (25 µg/kg), middle-dose (50 µg/kg), and high-dose (75 µg/kg) G-CSF. We then evaluated the levels of brain inflammation-related genes and proteins. The levels of tumor-necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA increased between days 1 and 14 post-ICH, with the highest expression on day 3. These changes were rectified by G-CSF in a dose-dependent manner. At day 3 post-injury, an elevation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 protein level and a reduction of the inhibitor of NF-κB alpha (IκBα) protein level were observed; G-CSF treatment exerted a beneficial effect on both protein expressions. The expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) proteins were increased; these changes were rectified by the highest dose of G-CSF. The brain-protecting effects of G-CSF are likely to be attributable, at least in part, to attenuation of the TNF-α, IL-6, iNOS, and COX-2 expressions induced by NF-κB activation in the brain tissues of this autologous blood-induced ICH rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanglong Li
- Department of Neurology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanjin 133000, Jilin, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanjin 133000, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Xianji Piao
- Department of ICU, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanjin 133000, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Tiance Xu
- Department of Neurology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanjin 133000, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Binbin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanjin 133000, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Xionghu Shen
- Department of Oncology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanjin 133000, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Xian Wu Cheng
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanjin 133000, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Shengzhe Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanjin 133000, Jilin, P.R. China
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Han Y, Yang J, Fang J, Zhou Y, Candi E, Wang J, Hua D, Shao C, Shi Y. The secretion profile of mesenchymal stem cells and potential applications in treating human diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:92. [PMID: 35314676 PMCID: PMC8935608 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00932-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractMesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) possess multi-lineage differentiation and self-renewal potentials. MSCs-based therapies have been widely utilized for the treatment of diverse inflammatory diseases, due to the potent immunoregulatory functions of MSCs. An increasing body of evidence indicates that MSCs exert their therapeutic effects largely through their paracrine actions. Growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, extracellular matrix components, and metabolic products were all found to be functional molecules of MSCs in various therapeutic paradigms. These secretory factors contribute to immune modulation, tissue remodeling, and cellular homeostasis during regeneration. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent advances in our understanding of the secretory behavior of MSCs and the intracellular communication that accounts for their potential in treating human diseases.
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Del Cornò M, Varì R, Scazzocchio B, Varano B, Masella R, Conti L. Dietary Fatty Acids at the Crossroad between Obesity and Colorectal Cancer: Fine Regulators of Adipose Tissue Homeostasis and Immune Response. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071738. [PMID: 34359908 PMCID: PMC8304920 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the major threatening diseases worldwide, being the third most common cancer, and a leading cause of death, with a global incidence expected to increase in the coming years. Enhanced adiposity, particularly visceral fat, is a major risk factor for the development of several tumours, including CRC, and represents an important indicator of incidence, survival, prognosis, recurrence rates, and response to therapy. The obesity-associated low-grade chronic inflammation is thought to be a key determinant in CRC development, with the adipocytes and the adipose tissue (AT) playing a significant role in the integration of diet-related endocrine, metabolic, and inflammatory signals. Furthermore, AT infiltrating immune cells contribute to local and systemic inflammation by affecting immune and cancer cell functions through the release of soluble mediators. Among the factors introduced with diet and enriched in AT, fatty acids (FA) represent major players in inflammation and are able to deeply regulate AT homeostasis and immune cell function through gene expression regulation and by modulating the activity of several transcription factors (TF). This review summarizes human studies on the effects of dietary FA on AT homeostasis and immune cell functions, highlighting the molecular pathways and TF involved. The relevance of FA balance in linking diet, AT inflammation, and CRC is also discussed. Original and review articles were searched in PubMed without temporal limitation up to March 2021, by using fatty acid as a keyword in combination with diet, obesity, colorectal cancer, inflammation, adipose tissue, immune cells, and transcription factors.
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Liu J, Wang H, Wang G, Luo Q, Cao H, Liu X, Zhang Z, Yang P, Liu Z. Retracted Article: Anti-inflammatory potency of Locusta migratoria manilensis cyclopeptides in mast cells and macrophages. RSC Adv 2019; 9:31296-31305. [PMID: 35527955 PMCID: PMC9072603 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06284j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Locusts are esteemed as a traditional Chinese medicine, as well as tonic foods in Asian countries. While searching for natural anti-inflammatory agents in natural products, we isolated four novel locust cyclopeptides (LCPs) and the results show that [cyclo-(Trp-Leu-His-Thr)]∼LCP-3 has potent anti-inflammatory potency in RAW264.7 and HMC-1 cells under LPS (lipopolysaccharide) stimuli. Furthermore, mechanistic studies show that LCP-3 attenuates pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, NO and PGE2) expression. Moreover, LCP-3 attenuates inflammatory damage associated with the direct inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 expression. LCP-3 also regulates the MAPK, PI3K/AKT and NF-κB pathways to attenuate LPS-induced damage. Of note, our study first reports the anti-inflammatory potency of LCPs and elucidates their underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518020 China +86 755-86671905
- The Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Huailing Wang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518020 China +86 755-86671905
- The Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Guangjun Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100193 China
| | - Qiang Luo
- The Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Hui Cao
- The Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- The Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Zehuang Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100193 China
| | - Pingchang Yang
- The Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518020 China +86 755-86671905
- The Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine Shenzhen 518060 China
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Costabile M, Bassal NK, Gerber JP, Hughes BP. Inhibition of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity by fatty acids and prostaglandins: A structure function analysis. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2017; 122:7-15. [PMID: 28735627 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO-1) catalyses the first and rate-limiting step in the metabolism of L-tryptophan. Degradation of L-Trp leads to the production of several immunosuppressive metabolites, including N-formyl kynurenine and kynurenine (Kyn). Apart from a normal physiological role, IDO-1 has also been identified to play a crucial role in immune suppression and tumour induced tolerance. Indeed, many primary tumours express high levels of IDO-1 compared to normal cells of the same stroma. IDO-1 is accepted as being an inducible negative regulator of T cell viability, proliferation and activation. As such, IDO-1 has become a target of intense interest for pharmacological inhibition, for the treatment of cancer. We have previously demonstrated that AA and the prostaglandin metabolite, PGD2, repressed the IFNγ mediated activity of IDO-1 in THP-1 cells and human monocytes. In this study, we characterise the structure-function relationship of fatty acids and eicosanoids towards inhibition of IDO-1 activity in THP-1 cells and human monocytes. Using a commercial library of fatty acids, 55% of fatty acids inhibited IDO-1 activity. The activity of individual FAs was affected by chain length, number of double bonds and bond configuration. Interrogation of an AA derived eicosanoid library identified 13 PGs with significant inhibitory activity. A structure-function analysis revealed that the γ position of the cyclopentenone ring, double bond in the α-β position of the cyclopentenone ring, the presence of multiple OH groups in the side arm and the addition of an ethanolamide group, significantly increased the inhibitory activity of the PGs. Based on this data we have identified the structure of two possible compounds that may be even more potent pharmacological repressors of IDO-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Costabile
- University of South Australia, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia; Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Frome Road, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - N K Bassal
- University of South Australia, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - J P Gerber
- University of South Australia, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - B P Hughes
- University of South Australia, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
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Bianchi PKFDC, Leandro RM, Poscai AN, Yoshinaga T, Gonçalez PO, Kfoury Junior JR. Progesterone Decreases in vitro Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase Expression in Dendritic and CD4+ Cells from Maternal-Fetal Interface of Rats. Immunol Invest 2017; 46:447-459. [DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2017.1296856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael Magdanelo Leandro
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, Department of Surgery, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Nayara Poscai
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, Department of Surgery, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tulio Yoshinaga
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, Department of Surgery, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Orlandini Gonçalez
- School of Veterinary Medicine of the University Moura Lacerda, Department of Anatomy of Domestic Animals, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Kfoury Junior
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, Department of Surgery, São Paulo, Brazil
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Gundala NKV, Naidu VGM, Das UN. Arachidonic acid and lipoxin A4 attenuate alloxan-induced cytotoxicity to RIN5F cells in vitro and type 1 diabetes mellitus in vivo. Biofactors 2017; 43:251-271. [PMID: 27862450 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We studied whether polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can protect rat insulinoma (RIN5F) cells against alloxan-induced apoptosis in vitro and type 1 diabetes mellitus (type 1 DM) in vivo and if so, mechanism of this beneficial action. MATERIAL AND METHODS In vitro study was conducted using RIN5F cells while in vivo study was performed in Wistar rats. The effect of PUFAs, cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibitors, various eicosanoids and PUFAs metabolites: lipoxin A4 (LXA4), resolvin D2 and protectin against alloxan-induced cytotoxicity to RIN5F cells and type 1 DM was studied. Expression of PDX1, P65 NF-kB and IKB in RIN5F cells and Nrf2, GLUT2, COX2, iNOS protein levels in the pancreatic tissue and plasma glucose, insulin and tumor necrosis factor-α and antioxidants, lipid peroxides and nitric oxide were measured. RESULTS Of all, arachidonic acid (AA) was found to be the most effective against alloxan-induced cytotoxicity to RIN5F cells and preventing type 1 DM. Both cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibitors did not block the beneficial actions of AA in vitro and in vivo. Alloxan inhibited LXA4 production by RIN5F cells and in alloxan-induced type 1 DM Wistar rats. AA-treatment restored LXA4 levels to normal both in vitro and in vivo. LXA4 protected RIN5F cells against alloxan-induced cytotoxicity and prevented type 1 DM and restored expression of Nrf2, Glut2, COX2, and iNOS genes and abnormal antioxidants to near normal. DISCUSSION AA seems to bring about its beneficial actions against alloxan-induced cytotoxicity and type 1 DM by enhancing the production of LXA4. © 2016 BioFactors, 43(2):251-271, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen K V Gundala
- Department of Medicine, BioScience Research Centre, Gayatri Vidya Parishad Hospital, GVP College of Engineering Campus, Visakhapatnam, 530048, India
| | - Vegi G M Naidu
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Undurti N Das
- Department of Medicine, BioScience Research Centre, Gayatri Vidya Parishad Hospital, GVP College of Engineering Campus, Visakhapatnam, 530048, India
- UND Life Sciences, 2020 S 360th St, # K-202, Federal Way, WA, 98003, USA
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Bassal NK, Hughes BP, Costabile M. Prostaglandin D2 is a novel repressor of IFNγ induced indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase via the DP1 receptor and cAMP pathway. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2016; 110:48-54. [PMID: 26995677 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Expression of elevated levels of Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is well established as a mechanism of cancer induced immunosuppression. Pharmacological inhibition of IDO activity is thus a promising alternative in the treatment of cancer. Previously we demonstrated that cyclooxygenase derived metabolites of arachidonic acid inhibited the interferon-gamma mediated induction of IDO in both THP-1 cells and human monocytes. Here we identified that of the five primary prostanoids produced by COX-1/COX-2, only PGD2 displayed significant repressor activity. PGD2 inhibited IDO activity with an IC50 of 7.2µM in THP-1 cells and 5.2µM in monocytes. PGD2 caused a significant decrease in both IDO mRNA and protein. Using receptor specific agonists, PGD2 was found to act via the DP1 receptor, while the CRTH2 receptor was not involved. A DP1 antagonist significantly reduced the activity of PGD2, while CRTH2 agonists were ineffective. PGD2 increased intracellular cAMP levels and exogenous N(6)-cAMP was also found to be highly inhibitory. The effects of PGD2 via cAMP were blocked by Rp-cAMP indicating involvement of PKA. PGD2 also stimulated CREB phosphorylation, a PKA dependent transcription factor. This is the first report demonstrating that PGD2, a prostanoid typically associated with allergy, can inhibit IDO activity via the DP1/cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway. Our findings suggest that PGD2 and its derivatives may form the basis of novel repressors of IFNγ-mediated IDO expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine Kamal Bassal
- University of South Australia, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Bernard P Hughes
- University of South Australia, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Maurizio Costabile
- University of South Australia, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.
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Ishigaki M, Maeda Y, Taketani A, Andriana BB, Ishihara R, Wongravee K, Ozaki Y, Sato H. Diagnosis of early-stage esophageal cancer by Raman spectroscopy and chemometric techniques. Analyst 2015; 141:1027-33. [PMID: 26694647 DOI: 10.1039/c5an01323b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is a disease with high mortality. In order to improve the 5 year survival rate after cancer treatment, it is important to develop a method for early detection of the cancer and for therapy support. There is increasing evidence that Raman spectroscopy, in combination with chemometric analysis, is a powerful technique for discriminating pre-cancerous and cancerous biochemical changes. In the present study, we used Raman spectroscopy to examine early-stage (stages 0 and I) esophageal cancer samples ex vivo. Comparison between the Raman spectra of cancerous and normal samples using a t-test showed decreased concentrations of glycogen, collagen, and tryptophan in cancerous tissue. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) analysis and self-organization maps (SOMs) discriminated the datasets of cancerous and normal samples into two groups, but there was a relatively large overlap between them. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) based on Raman bands found in the t-test was able to predict the tissue types with 81.0% sensitivity and 94.0% specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Ishigaki
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan.
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Copland IB, Garcia MA, Waller EK, Roback JD, Galipeau J. The effect of platelet lysate fibrinogen on the functionality of MSCs in immunotherapy. Biomaterials 2013; 34:7840-50. [PMID: 23891515 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Human platelet lysate (PL) represents an attractive alternative to fetal bovine serum (FBS) for the ex vivo expansion of human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). However, there is controversy whether MSCs propagated in unfractionated PL retain their immunosuppressive properties. Since fibrinogen can be a major component of PL, we hypothesized that the fibrinogen content in PL negatively affects the suppressor function of MSCs. Pools of outdated plateletpheresis products underwent a double freeze-thaw centrifugation and filtration to produce unfractionated platelet lysates (uPL), followed by a temperature controlled clotting procedure to produce a fibrinogen depleted platelet lysate (fdPL). Fibrinogen depletion affected neither the mitogenic properties of PL or growth factor content, however fdPL was less prone to develop precipitate over time. Functionally, fibrinogen interacted directly with MSCs, dose dependently increased IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 protein production, and compromised the ability of MSCs to up-regulate indoleamine dioxygenase (IDO), as well as, mitigate T-cell proliferation. Similarly uPL expanded MSCs showed a reduced capability of inducing IDO and suppressing T-cell proliferation compared to FBS expanded MSCs. Replacing uPL with fdPL largely restored the immune modulating effects of MSCs. Together these data suggest that fibrinogen negatively affects the immunomodulatory functions of MSCs and fdPL can serve as non-xenogenic mitogenic supplement for expansion of clinical grade MSCs for immune modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian B Copland
- Emory University School of Medicine, 1365 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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