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Fu JY, Wang CA, Mead EC, Phung J, Makrides M, Pennell CE. The role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the prevention of preterm birth. Med J Aust 2024; 220:502-504. [PMID: 38714366 DOI: 10.5694/mja2.52301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carol A Wang
- University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW
- Mothers and Babies Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW
| | - Elyse C Mead
- University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW
- Hunter New England Local Health District, NSW Health, Newcastle, NSW
| | - Jason Phung
- University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW
- Mothers and Babies Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW
| | - Maria Makrides
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA
| | - Craig E Pennell
- University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW
- Mothers and Babies Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW
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Aristizabal-Henao JJ, Biltoft-Jensen AP, Christensen T, Stark KD. Lipidomic and Fatty Acid Biomarkers in Whole Blood Can Predict the Dietary Intake of Eicosapentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic Acids in a Danish Population. J Nutr 2024:S0022-3166(24)00269-4. [PMID: 38710305 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intake of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have been associated with health benefits. Blood levels of these fatty acids, measured by gas chromatography (GC), are associated with their dietary intake, but the relationships with lipidomic measurements are not well defined. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the lipidomic biomarkers in whole blood that predict intakes of EPA + DHA and examine the relationship between lipidomic and GC-based n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) biomarkers. METHODS Lipidomic and fatty acid analyses were completed on 120 whole blood samples collected from Danish participants. Dietary intakes were completed using a web-based 7-d food diary. Stepwise multiple linear regression was used to identify the fatty acid and lipidomic variables that predict intakes of EPA + DHA and to determine lipidomic species that predict commonly used fatty acid biomarkers. RESULTS Stepwise regression selected lipidomic variables with an R2 = 0.52 for predicting EPA + DHA intake compared to R2 = 0.40 for the selected fatty acid GC-based variables. More predictive models were generated when the lipidomic variables were selected for females only (R2 = 0.62, n = 68) and males only (R2 = 0.72, n = 52). Phosphatidylethanolamine plasmalogen species containing EPA or DHA tended to be the most predictive lipidomic variables. Stepwise regression also indicated that selected lipidomic variables can predict commonly used fatty acid GC-based n-3 PUFA biomarkers as the R2 values ranged from 0.84 to 0.91. CONCLUSIONS Both fatty acid and lipidomic data can be used to predict EPA + DHA intakes, and fatty acid GC-based biomarkers can be emulated by lipidomic species. Lipidomic-based biomarkers appear to be influenced by sex differences, probably in n-3 PUFA and lipoprotein metabolism. These results improve our ability to understand the relationship between novel lipidomic data and GC fatty acid data and will increase our ability to apply lipidomic methods to fatty acid and lipid nutritional research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Aristizabal-Henao
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada; Platforms and Translational Sciences, BPGbio Inc., Framingham, MA, United States
| | | | - Tue Christensen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ken D Stark
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
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Savona-Ventura C, Mahmood T, Mukhopadhyay S, Louwen F. Omega-3 fatty acid supply in pregnancy for risk reduction of preterm and early preterm birth: A position statement by the European Board and College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (EBCOG). Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2024; 295:124-125. [PMID: 38354604 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2024.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Pre-term birth is associated with significant neonatal morbidity and mortality. Pre-term births are associated with significant health and neuro-developmental risks in childhood and adulthood. Women with multiple pregnancies are at much higher risks. Low levels of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are associated with higher risk of pre-term labour and increased consumption of foods rich in omega-3 PUFA or supplements are associated with a 11 % and 42 % risk reduction of early and late preterm births, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tahir Mahmood
- Gynaecologist, Spire Murrayfield Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Sambit Mukhopadhyay
- Gynaecologist, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, England, United Kingdom
| | - Frank Louwen
- University of Frankfurt, University Hospital, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
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Al Hussaini HA, Almughathawi RK, Alsaedi RM, Aljateli GA, Alhejaili GSM, Aldossari MA, Almunyif AS, Almarshud RK. Strategies for Safeguarding High-Risk Pregnancies From Preterm Birth: A Narrative Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e55737. [PMID: 38586732 PMCID: PMC10998710 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth is the delivery of a live fetus before the 37th week of gestation. Preterm birth may stem from various factors, including premature rupture of membranes, spontaneous preterm labor, or medically induced circumstances. Premature delivery can result in serious and long-lasting difficulties even for infants who survive, as it is the leading cause of death for infants under five years old. Numerous nations have implemented initiatives to detect and track pregnant women who may give birth before their due date. Numerous therapies are available to protect these at-risk groups from the devastating effects of premature delivery, given the complex nature of preterm birth risk factors. Among the preventive measures, prophylactic progesterone appears to hold significant promise, while cervical cerclage proves effective in cases of cervical insufficiency. Conversely, pessaries show no discernible beneficial effects in reducing the risk of preterm birth. Regular antenatal visits are imperative for frequent patient evaluation and screening for potential risk factors. Adopting a healthy lifestyle can influence the risk of developing preeclampsia, with regular physical activity, a fiber-rich diet, and smoking cessation serving to mitigate the risk of preterm birth. The efficacy of bed rest in preventing preterm birth remains inconclusive due to insufficient evidence. This study aims to explore various preventive strategies for averting premature birth in high-risk women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Renad M Alsaedi
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alrayan Medical Colleges, Madina, SAU
| | - Ghadah A Aljateli
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, SAU
| | | | - Munira A Aldossari
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
| | | | - Raghad K Almarshud
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, SAU
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5
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Derbyshire EJ, Birch CS, Bonwick GA, English A, Metcalfe P, Li W. Optimal omegas - barriers and novel methods to narrow omega-3 gaps. A narrative review. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1325099. [PMID: 38371504 PMCID: PMC10869628 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1325099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary intakes of omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (O3LC-PUFAs) such as eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid are central to development and health across the life course. O3LC-PUFAs have been linked to neurological development, maternal and child health and the etiology of certain non-communicable diseases including age-related cognitive decline, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. However, dietary inadequacies exist in the United Kingdom and on a wider global scale. One predominant dietary source of O3LC-PUFAs is fish and fish oils. However, growing concerns about overfishing, oceanic contaminants such as dioxins and microplastics and the trend towards plant-based diets appear to be acting as cumulative barriers to O3LC-PUFAs from these food sources. Microalgae are an alternative provider of O3LC-PUFA-rich oils. The delivery of these into food systems is gaining interest. The present narrative review aims to discuss the present barriers to obtaining suitable levels of O3LC-PUFAs for health and wellbeing. It then discusses potential ways forward focusing on innovative delivery methods to utilize O3LC-PUFA-rich oils including the use of fortification strategies, bioengineered plants, microencapsulation, and microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Phil Metcalfe
- Efficiency Technologies Limited, Milton Keynes, England, United Kingdom
| | - Weili Li
- University of Chester, Chester, United Kingdom
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6
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Tobin D, Midtbø LK, Mildenberger J, Svensen H, Stoknes I. The effect of fish oil rich in cetoleic acid on the omega-3 index and skin quality. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2024; 201:102616. [PMID: 38788345 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2024.102616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to provide preliminary data on the effect of a long chain monounsaturated oil rich in cetoleic acid on the omega-3 index, a validated measure of EPA and DHA in blood cells, as well as a potential effect of the oil on skin quality. DESIGN Two intervention studies were performed, each as double blinded, placebo controlled, randomised nutritional trials. The CetoIndex study (N = 55) measured omega-3 index using a blood spot collection kit (Omegaquant). The Optihud study (N = 28) measured skin quality parameters in healthy women using the VISIA system. The cetoleic-rich-oil (CRO) was an oil derived from North Atlantic fish with a predominance of long chain mono-unsaturated fatty acids including cetoleic acid (C22:1 n-11) and gondoic acid (C20:1 n-9). RESULTS In a placebo-controlled study, the omega-3 index in healthy volunteers was increased similar to that seen with an oil with higher levels of omega-3 fatty acids. In a separate placebo-controlled study, the CRO reduced erythema in skin, which is a marker of inflammation. CONCLUSIONS The results of this pilot study suggest that the use of a CRO increases the omega-3 index more than expected from the levels of EPA and DHA in the oil. The CRO may potentially have benefits on skin inflammation. SUMMARY Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are commonly taken as dietary supplements for a range of health benefits. Other marine fatty acids may also provide health benefits and it is of interest to understand their activity. Long chain mono-unsaturated fatty acids (LCMUFA) have shown biological activity in studies of metabolic health in animal models. Here, we report two intervention studies using a fish oil with a high LCMUFA content where cetoleic acid is the predominant fatty acid (Cetoleic rich oil: CRO). In CetoIndex, a placebo-controlled study in 55 healthy volunteers, the omega-3 index increased similarly to that seen with an oil containing higher levels of omega-3 fatty acids. In Optihud, a placebo-controlled study in 28 female volunteers, the CRO reduced erythema in skin, which is a marker of inflammation. The results of this pilot study support the use of a CRO for increasing the omega-3 index with potential benefits on skin inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Tobin
- Epax Norway AS, Ålesund, Norway.
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Cetin I, Carlson SE, Burden C, da Fonseca EB, di Renzo GC, Hadjipanayis A, Harris WS, Kumar KR, Olsen SF, Mader S, McAuliffe FM, Muhlhausler B, Oken E, Poon LC, Poston L, Ramakrishnan U, Roehr CC, Savona-Ventura C, Smuts CM, Sotiriadis A, Su KP, Tribe RM, Vannice G, Koletzko B. Omega-3 fatty acid supply in pregnancy for risk reduction of preterm and early preterm birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2024; 6:101251. [PMID: 38070679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2023.101251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
This clinical practice guideline on the supply of the omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid in pregnant women for risk reduction of preterm birth and early preterm birth was developed with support from several medical-scientific organizations, and is based on a review of the available strong evidence from randomized clinical trials and a formal consensus process. We concluded the following. Women of childbearing age should obtain a supply of at least 250 mg/d of docosahexaenoic+eicosapentaenoic acid from diet or supplements, and in pregnancy an additional intake of ≥100 to 200 mg/d of docosahexaenoic acid. Pregnant women with a low docosahexaenoic acid intake and/or low docosahexaenoic acid blood levels have an increased risk of preterm birth and early preterm birth. Thus, they should receive a supply of approximately 600 to 1000 mg/d of docosahexaenoic+eicosapentaenoic acid, or docosahexaenoic acid alone, given that this dosage showed significant reduction of preterm birth and early preterm birth in randomized controlled trials. This additional supply should preferably begin in the second trimester of pregnancy (not later than approximately 20 weeks' gestation) and continue until approximately 37 weeks' gestation or until childbirth if before 37 weeks' gestation. Identification of women with inadequate omega-3 supply is achievable by a set of standardized questions on intake. Docosahexaenoic acid measurement from blood is another option to identify women with low status, but further standardization of laboratory methods and appropriate cutoff values is needed. Information on how to achieve an appropriate intake of docosahexaenoic acid or docosahexaenoic+eicosapentaenoic acid for women of childbearing age and pregnant women should be provided to women and their partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Cetin
- Fondazione IRCCS, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (Dr Cetin)
| | - Susan E Carlson
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS (Dr Carlson)
| | - Christy Burden
- Academic Women's Health Unit, Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (Dr Burden)
| | - Eduardo B da Fonseca
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil (Dr da Fonseca)
| | - Gian Carlo di Renzo
- Centre of Perinatal and Reproductive Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy (Dr di Renzo); PREIS School, Florence, Italy (Dr di Renzo)
| | - Adamos Hadjipanayis
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus (Dr Hadjipanayis); European Academy of Paediatrics, Brussels, Belgium (Dr Hadjipanayis)
| | - William S Harris
- Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD (Dr Harris); Department of Internal Medicine, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD (Dr Harris)
| | - Kishore R Kumar
- Cloudnine Hospitals, Bangalore, India (Dr Kumar); University of Notre Dame Australia, Perth, Australia (Dr Kumar)
| | - Sjurdur Frodi Olsen
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr Olsen); Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr Olsen); Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (Dr Olsen)
| | - Silke Mader
- European Foundation for the Care of Newborn Infants, Munich, Germany (Ms Mader)
| | - Fionnuala M McAuliffe
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, National Maternity Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (Dr McAuliffe)
| | - Beverly Muhlhausler
- Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, Australia (Dr Muhlhausler); School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia (Dr Muhlhausler); South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia (Dr Muhlhausler)
| | - Emily Oken
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA (Dr Oken)
| | - Liona C Poon
- Maternal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (Dr Poon); Department of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (Dr Poon)
| | - Lucilla Poston
- School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (Dr Poston); International Society for Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (Dr Poston)
| | - Usha Ramakrishnan
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (Dr Ramakrishnan); Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Health Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (Dr Ramakrishnan)
| | - Charles C Roehr
- National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Clinical Trials Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (Dr Roehr); Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (Dr Roehr); Newborn Care, Women and Children's Division, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom (Dr Roehr); European Society for Paediatric Research, Satigny, Switzerland (Dr Roehr)
| | - Charles Savona-Ventura
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Mater Dei Hospital, University of Malta Medical School, Msida, Malta (Dr Savona-Ventura); Centre for Traditional Chinese Medicine & Culture, University of Malta, Msida, Malta (Dr Savona-Ventura)
| | - Cornelius M Smuts
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa (Dr Smuts)
| | - Alexandros Sotiriadis
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece (Dr Sotiriadis)
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- Mind-Body Interface Research Center (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (Dr Su); An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan (Dr Su); College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan (Dr Su)
| | - Rachel M Tribe
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom (Dr Tribe)
| | | | - Berthold Koletzko
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich Hospital, Munich, Germany (Dr Koletzko); Child Health Foundation (Stiftung Kindergesundheit), Munich, Germany (Dr Koletzko); European Academy of Paediatrics, Brussels, Belgium (Dr Koletzko).
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Harauma A, Yoshihara H, Hoshi Y, Hamazaki K, Moriguchi T. Effects of Varied Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Postpartum Mental Health and the Association between Prenatal Erythrocyte Omega-3 Fatty Acid Levels and Postpartum Mental Health. Nutrients 2023; 15:4388. [PMID: 37892462 PMCID: PMC10610328 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the postpartum mental health of women who had consumed perilla oil or fish oil containing various omega-3 fatty acids for 12 weeks starting in mid-pregnancy. The association between fatty acids in maternal erythrocytes and mental health risk factors was also examined. Healthy Japanese primiparas in mid-pregnancy (gestational weeks 18-25) were randomly divided into two groups and consumed approximately 2.0 g/day of omega-3 fatty acids in either perilla oil (the ALA dose was 2.4 g/day) or fish oil (the EPA + DHA dose was 1.7 g/day) for 12 weeks. Maternal mental health was assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) as the primary measure and the Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale (MIBS) as the secondary measure. Data from an observational study were used as a historical control. Maternal blood, cord blood, and colostrum samples were collected for fatty acid composition analysis. In addition, completers of the observational studies were enrolled in a case-control study, wherein logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between maternal fatty acids and EPDS score. The proportion of participants with a high EPDS score (≥9) was significantly lower in the perilla oil group (12.0%, p = 0.044) but not in the fish oil group (22.3%, p = 0.882) compared with the historical control (21.6%), while the proportions between the former groups also tended to be lower (p = 0.059). No marked effect of omega-3 fatty acid intake was observed from the MIBS results. In the case-control study of the historical control, high levels of α-linolenic acid in maternal erythrocytes were associated with an EPDS score of <9 (odds ratio of 0.23, 95% confidence interval: 0.06, 0.84, p = 0.018 for trend). The results of this study suggest that consumption of α-linolenic acid during pregnancy may stabilize postpartum mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Harauma
- Laboratory for Functional Lipid Science, School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo, Sagamihara 252-5201, Japan;
| | - Hajime Yoshihara
- Japan Community Health Care Organization, Sagamino Hospital, 1-2-30 Fuchinobe, Chuo, Sagamihara 252-0206, Japan;
| | - Yukino Hoshi
- Laboratory of Food and Nutritional Science, Department of Food and Life Science, School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo, Sagamihara 252-5201, Japan;
| | - Kei Hamazaki
- Department of Public Health, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan;
| | - Toru Moriguchi
- Laboratory for Functional Lipid Science, School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo, Sagamihara 252-5201, Japan;
- Laboratory of Food and Nutritional Science, Department of Food and Life Science, School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo, Sagamihara 252-5201, Japan;
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Patro-Golab B, Zalewski BM, Kammermeier M, Schwingshackl L, Koletzko B. Fat Intake and Fat Quality in Pregnant and Lactating Women, Infants, Children, and Adolescents and Related Health Outcomes: A Scoping Review of Systematic Reviews of Prospective Studies. ANNALS OF NUTRITION & METABOLISM 2023; 79:413-422. [PMID: 37611559 DOI: 10.1159/000533757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dietary fat intake during pregnancy and childhood is important for health. However, several health aspects are inconclusive. METHODS We systematically searched Medline, Cochrane Library, and Epistemonikos for systematic reviews (SRs) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and/or prospective cohort studies published from January 01, 2015, to December 31, 2019, assessing the association of dietary fat intake (including dietary supplements) during pregnancy and across childhood with pregnancy, perinatal, and child health outcomes. RESULTS Thirty-one SRs, mainly of RCTs, were included. Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation during pregnancy reduced the risk of early preterm birth, and in some SRs also any preterm birth, increased gestation length and birth weight, but mostly was not associated with other pregnancy/perinatal outcomes. Pre- and postnatal polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) intake was not consistently associated with growth, neurological, visual and cognitive outcomes, allergic diseases, cardiovascular, and metabolic health in childhood. Reduced saturated fatty acids (SFAs) intake and its replacement with PUFA/monounsaturated fatty acids had favourable effects on blood pressure and blood lipids in children. No apparent effects of total or trans fat on health outcomes across target groups were observed. CONCLUSION Omega-3 PUFA supplementation during pregnancy and SFA intake reduction in childhood require further consideration in dietary recommendations targeting these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadeta Patro-Golab
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, LMU University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Michael Kammermeier
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, LMU University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Lukas Schwingshackl
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, LMU University Hospital, Munich, Germany
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10
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Carvajal F, Sánchez-Gil A, Cardona D, Rincón-Cervera MA, Lerma-Cabrera JM. The Effect of Very-Long-Chain n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Central Nervous System and Their Potential Benefits for Treating Alcohol Use Disorder: Reviewing Pre-Clinical and Clinical Data. Nutrients 2023; 15:2993. [PMID: 37447319 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use poses a significant global health concern, leading to serious physical and socioeconomic issues worldwide. The current treatment options for problematic alcohol consumption are limited, leading to the exploration of alternative approaches, such as nutraceuticals. One promising target is very-long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC n-3 PUFAs). This review aims to compile the most relevant pre-clinical and clinical evidence on the effect of VLC n-3 PUFAs on alcohol use disorders and related outcomes. The findings suggest that VLC n-3 PUFAs may alleviate the physiological changes induced by alcohol consumption, including neuroinflammation and neurotransmitter dysregulation. Additionally, they can reduce withdrawal symptoms, improve mood, and reduce stress level, all of which are closely associated with problematic alcohol consumption. However, more research is required to fully understand the precise mechanisms by which VLC n-3 PUFAs exert their function. Furthermore, PUFAs should not be considered a standalone solution, but as a complement to other therapeutic approaches. Although preliminary evidence supports the potential therapeutic effect of VLC n-3 PUFAs on problematic alcohol consumption, additional research is needed to validate these findings and determine the optimal use of PUFAs as part of a comprehensive approach to the treatment of alcohol use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Carvajal
- Department of Psychology, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
- Health Research Center, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Sánchez-Gil
- Department of Psychology, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
- Health Research Center, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | - Diana Cardona
- Health Research Center, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
- Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Rincón-Cervera
- Food Technology Division, ceiA3, CIAMBITAL, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago 830490, Chile
| | - Jose Manuel Lerma-Cabrera
- Department of Psychology, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
- Health Research Center, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
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Fu JY, Wang CA, Liu G, Mead E, Phung J, Makrides M, Pennell CE. Development and internal validation of a non-invasive clinical tool to predict sufficient omega-3 levels in early pregnancy. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:442. [PMID: 37316786 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05687-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complications from preterm birth (PTB) are the leading cause of death and disability in those under five years. Whilst the role of omega-3 (n-3) supplementation in reducing PTB is well-established, growing evidence suggests supplementation use in those replete may increase the risk of early PTB. AIM To develop a non-invasive tool to identify individuals with total n-3 serum levels above 4.3% of total fatty acids in early pregnancy. METHODS We conducted a prospective observational study recruiting 331 participants from three clinical sites in Newcastle, Australia. Eligible participants (n = 307) had a singleton pregnancy between 8 and 20 weeks' gestation at recruitment. Data on factors associated with n-3 serum levels were collected using an electronic questionnaire; these included estimated intake of n-3 (including food type, portion size, frequency of consumption), n-3 supplementation, and sociodemographic factors. The optimal cut-point of estimated n-3 intake that predicted mothers with total serum n-3 levels likely above 4.3% was developed using multivariate logistic regression, adjusting for maternal age, body mass index, socioeconomic status, and n-3 supplementation use. Total serum n-3 levels above 4.3% was selected as previous research has demonstrated that mothers with these levels are at increased risk of early PTB if they take additional n-3 supplementation during pregnancy. Models were evaluated using various performance metrics including sensitivity, specificity, area under receiver operator characteristic (AUROC) curve, true positive rate (TPR) at 10% false positive rate (FPR), Youden Index, Closest to (0,1) Criteria, Concordance Probability, and Index of Union. Internal validation was performed using 1000-bootstraps to generate 95% confidence intervals for performance metrics generated. RESULTS Of 307 eligible participants included for analysis, 58.6% had total n-3 serum levels above 4.3%. The optimal model had a moderate discriminative ability (AUROC 0.744, 95% CI 0.742-0.746) with 84.7% sensitivity, 54.7% specificity and 37.6% TPR at 10% FPR. CONCLUSIONS Our non-invasive tool was a moderate predictor of pregnant women with total serum n-3 levels above 4.3%; however, its performance is not yet adequate for clinical use. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial was approved by the Hunter New England Human Research Ethics Committee of the Hunter New England Local Health District (Reference 2020/ETH00498 on 07/05/2020 and 2020/ETH02881 on 08/12/2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Yx Fu
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2300, Australia
| | - Carol A Wang
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2300, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Ge Liu
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Elyse Mead
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2300, Australia
| | - Jason Phung
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2300, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
- John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Maria Makrides
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Craig E Pennell
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2300, Australia.
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia.
- John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia.
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Gray NL, Stoodley I, Wood LG, Collins CE, Brown LJ, Rae KM, Pringle KG, Schumacher TL. Omega-3 Fatty Acids during Pregnancy in Indigenous Australian Women of the Gomeroi Gaaynggal Cohort. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081943. [PMID: 37111163 PMCID: PMC10145055 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Higher dietary intakes of Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFAs) have been linked to lower rates of preterm birth and preeclampsia. The aim of this analysis was to describe dietary intake and fractions of red blood cell (RBC) membrane LC-PUFAs during pregnancy in a cohort of Indigenous Australian women. Maternal dietary intake was assessed using two validated dietary assessment tools and quantified using the AUSNUT (Australian Food and Nutrient) 2011-2013 database. Analysis from a 3-month food frequency questionnaire indicated that 83% of this cohort met national n-3 LC-PUFA recommendations, with 59% meeting alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) recommendations. No nutritional supplements used by the women contained n-3 LC-PUFAs. Over 90% of women had no detectable level of ALA in their RBC membranes, and the median Omega-3 Index was 5.5%. This analysis appears to illustrate a decline in concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) across gestation in women who had preterm birth. However, there was no visible trend in LC-PUFA fractions in women who experienced hypertension during pregnancy. Further research is needed to better understand the link between dietary intake of n-3 LC-PUFA-rich foods and the role of fatty acids in preterm birth and preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie L Gray
- School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Isobel Stoodley
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Lisa G Wood
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Clare E Collins
- School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Food and Nutrition Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Leanne J Brown
- Food and Nutrition Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW 2305, Australia
- Department of Rural Health, University of Newcastle, Tamworth, NSW 2340, Australia
| | - Kym M Rae
- Mater Medical Research Institute, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Kirsty G Pringle
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Mothers and Babies Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Tracy L Schumacher
- Food and Nutrition Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW 2305, Australia
- Department of Rural Health, University of Newcastle, Tamworth, NSW 2340, Australia
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Lamontagne-Kam DM, Davari S, Aristizabal-Henao JJ, Cho S, Chalil D, Mielke JG, Stark KD. Sex differences in hippocampal-dependent memory and the hippocampal lipidome in adolescent rats raised on diets with or without DHA. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2023; 192:102569. [PMID: 36966673 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2023.102569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest the effects of DHA supplementation on human memory may differ between females and males during infancy, adolescence, and early adulthood, but the underlying mechanisms are not clear. As a result, this study sought to examine the spatial memory and brain lipidomic profiles in female and male adolescent rats with or without a DHA-enriched diet that began perinatally with the supplementation of dams. Spatial learning and memory were examined in adolescent rats using the Morris Water Maze beginning at 6 weeks of age and animals were sacrificed at 7 weeks of age to permit isolation of brain tissue and blood samples. Behavioral testing showed that there was a significant diet x sex interaction for two key measures of spatial memory (distance to zone and time spent in the correct quadrant during the probe test), with female rats benefiting the most from DHA supplementation. Lipidomic analyses suggest levels of arachidonic acid (ARA) and n-6 docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) containing phospholipid species were lower in the hippocampus of DHA supplemented compared with control animals, and principal component analyses revealed a potential dietary treatment effect for hippocampal PUFA. Females fed DHA had slightly more PE P-18:0_22:6 and maintained levels of PE 18:0_20:4 in the hippocampus in contrast with males fed DHA. Understanding how DHA supplementation during the perinatal and adolescent periods changes cognitive function in a sex-specific manner has important implications for determining the dietary requirements of DHA. This study adds to previous work highlighting the importance of DHA for spatial memory and provides evidence that further research needs to consider how DHA supplementation can cause sex-specific changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Lamontagne-Kam
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Saeideh Davari
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Juan J Aristizabal-Henao
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada; BPGbio Inc., 500 Old Connecticut Path Building B, Framingham, MA, 01701, USA
| | - Seungjae Cho
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Dan Chalil
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - John G Mielke
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Ken D Stark
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
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