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Lu H, Wang P, Sun J, Yin Y, Yang G, Huang B. A novel betapartitivirus isolated from Cordyceps militaris, an edible-medicinal mushroom. Arch Virol 2024; 169:159. [PMID: 38972922 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-06085-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we identified a novel partitivirus, named "Cordyceps militaris partitivirus 1" (CmPV1), in Cordyceps militaris strain RCEF7506. The complete genome of CmPV1 comprises two segments, dsRNA1 and dsRNA2, each encoding a single protein. dsRNA1 (2,206 bp) encodes an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), and dsRNA2 (2,256 bp) encodes a coat protein (CP). Sequence analysis revealed that dsRNA1 has the highest similarity to that of Bipolaris maydis partitivirus 2 (BmPV2), whereas dsRNA2 shows the highest similarity to human blood-associated partitivirus (HuBPV). Phylogenetic analysis based on RdRp sequences suggests that CmPV1 is a new member of the genus Betapartitivirus of the family Partitiviridae. This is the first documentation of a betapartitivirus infecting the entomopathogenic fungus C. militaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanwen Lu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Ying Yin
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Guogen Yang
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
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2
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Khan HA, Baig DI, Bhatti MF. An Overview of Mycoviral Curing Strategies Used in Evaluating Fungal Host Fitness. Mol Biotechnol 2023; 65:1547-1564. [PMID: 36841858 PMCID: PMC9963364 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00695-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
The number of novel mycoviruses is increasing at a high pace due to advancements in sequencing technologies. As a result, an uncountable number of mycoviral sequences are available in public sequence repositories. However, only genomic information is not sufficient to understand the impact of mycoviruses on their host biology. Biological characterization is required to determine the nature of mycoviruses (cryptic, hypervirulent, or hypovirulent) and to search for mycoviruses with biocontrol and therapeutic potential. Currently, no particular selective method is used as the gold standard against these mycoviral infections. Given the importance of curing, we present an overview of procedures used in preparation of isogenic lines, along with their benefits and drawbacks. We concluded that a combination of single-spore isolation and hyphal tipping is the best fit for preparation of isogenic lines. Furthermore, recent bioinformatic approaches should be introduced in the field of mycovirology to predict virus-specific antivirals to get robust results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haris Ahmed Khan
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, 44000 Pakistan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Mianwali, Punjab, 42200 Pakistan
| | - Danish Ilyas Baig
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, 44000 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Faraz Bhatti
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, 44000 Pakistan
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da Silva Camargo M, Geremia F, Sbaraini N, Staats CC, Filho MS, Schrank A. Molecular characterization of a novel victorivirus (order Ghabrivirales, family Totiviridae) infecting Metarhizium anisopliae. Arch Virol 2023; 168:83. [PMID: 36757570 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05716-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report the occurrence and complete genome sequence of a novel victorivirus infecting Metarhizium anisopliae, named "Metarhizium anisopliae victorivirus 1" (MaVV1). The genome is 5353 bp in length and contains two open reading frames (ORFs), encoding a coat protein and an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), that overlap at the octanucleotide sequence AUGAGUAA. These ORFs showed sequence similarity to the corresponding ORFs of Ustilaginoidea virens RNA virus L (68.23%) and Ustilaginoidea virens RNA virus 13 (58.11%), respectively, both of which belong to the family Totiviridae. Phylogenetic analysis based on RdRp sequences revealed that MaVV1 clustered with members of the genus Victorivirus. This is the first genome sequence reported for a virus belonging to the genus Victorivirus infecting the entomopathogenic fungus M. anisopliae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus da Silva Camargo
- Biotechnology Center, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Deparment of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Felipe Geremia
- Biotechnology Center, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Deparment of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Nicolau Sbaraini
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Charley Christian Staats
- Biotechnology Center, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Deparment of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marcio Silva Filho
- Department of Genetics, ESALQ, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Augusto Schrank
- Biotechnology Center, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil. .,Deparment of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil. .,Cellular and Molecular Biology of Filamentous Fungi Laboratory, Biotechnology Center, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 9500 Bento Gonçalves AveLab 217, Campus Box 43421, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970, Brazil.
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Peeters KJ, Audenaert K, Höfte M. Survival of the fittest: how the rice microbial community forces Sarocladium oryzae into pathogenicity. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 97:6034012. [PMID: 33316039 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungus Sarocladium oryzae (Sawada) causes rice sheath rot and produces the phytotoxins cerulenin and helvolic acid. Both toxins show antimicrobial activity but only helvolic acid production in the rice sheath correlates with virulence. Sarocladium oryzae isolates that differ in their toxin production were used to study their interaction with the rice culturable bacterial endophyte community. The diversity and community structure was defined in the edge of sheath rot lesions, followed by a null model-based co-occurrence analysis to discover pairwise interactions. Non-random pairs were co-cultured to study the nature of the interactions and the role of the toxins herein. Compared to healthy sheaths, endophyte diversity strongly increased when infected with the least virulent S. oryzae isolates producing low amounts of toxins. Virulent S. oryzae isolates did not affect diversity but caused strong shifts in species composition. The endophyte community of healthy rice plants was dominated by B. cereus. This bacterium was enriched in lesions produced by low-virulent S. oryzae isolates and caused hyphal lysis. Contrarily, helvolic acid producers eliminated this bacterium from the sheath endosphere. We conclude that S. oryzae needs to produce antibiotics to defend itself against antagonistic rice endophytes to successfully colonize and infect the rice sheath.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Peeters
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Laboratory of Phytopathology, Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - K Audenaert
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Laboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics, Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - M Höfte
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Laboratory of Phytopathology, Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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da Cunha LP, Casciatori FP, Vicente IV, Garcia RL, Thoméo JC. Metarhizium anisopliae conidia production in packed-bed bioreactor using rice as substrate in successive cultivations. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Peeters KJ, Haeck A, Harinck L, Afolabi OO, Demeestere K, Audenaert K, Höfte M. Morphological, Pathogenic and Toxigenic Variability in the Rice Sheath Rot Pathogen Sarocladium Oryzae. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12020109. [PMID: 32046323 PMCID: PMC7076777 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12020109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sheath rot is an emerging rice disease that leads to considerable yield losses. The main causal agent is the fungus Sarocladium oryzae. This pathogen is known to produce the toxins cerulenin and helvolic acid, but their role in pathogenicity has not been clearly established. S. oryzea isolates from different rice-producing regions can be grouped into three phylogenetic lineages. When grown in vitro, isolates from these lineages differed in growth rate, colour and in the ability to form sectors. A diverse selection of isolates from Rwanda and Nigeria, representing these lineages, were used to further study their pathogenicity and toxin production. Liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis was used to measure cerulenin and helvolic acid production in vitro and in planta. The three lineages clearly differed in pathogenicity on the japonica cultivar Kitaake. Isolates from the least pathogenic lineage produced the highest levels of cerulenin in vitro. Helvolic acid production was not correlated with the lineage. Sectorisation was observed in isolates from the two least pathogenic lineages and resulted in a loss of helvolic acid production. In planta, only the production of helvolic acid, but not of cerulenin, correlated strongly with disease severity. The most pathogenic isolates all belonged to one lineage. They were phenotypically stable, shown by the lack of sectorisation, and therefore maintained high helvolic acid production in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaat José Peeters
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (K.J.P.); (O.O.A.)
| | - Ashley Haeck
- Research Group EnVOC, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (A.H.); (L.H.); (K.D.)
| | - Lies Harinck
- Research Group EnVOC, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (A.H.); (L.H.); (K.D.)
| | - Oluwatoyin Oluwakemi Afolabi
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (K.J.P.); (O.O.A.)
| | - Kristof Demeestere
- Research Group EnVOC, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (A.H.); (L.H.); (K.D.)
| | - Kris Audenaert
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Monica Höfte
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (K.J.P.); (O.O.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-9264-6017
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Molecular characterization of a new partitivirus, MbPV1, isolated from the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium brunneum in China. Arch Virol 2020; 165:765-769. [PMID: 31894416 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04517-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mycoviruses from Metarhizium anisopliae have been extensively studied, but their sequences have yet to be deposited in the NCBI database. In the present study, we characterized a new partitivirus obtained from the entomogenous fungus Metarhizium brunneum, named "Metarhizium brunneum partitivirus 1" (MbPV1). The complete genome of MbPV1, determined by metagenomic sequencing, RT-PCR, and RACE, comprised two dsRNA segments of 1,829 bp and 1,720 bp, respectively. Both dsRNAs contained a single open reading frame (ORF), encoding a putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and a coat protein (CP), respectively. The sequences of the RdRp and CP showed the highest similarity (61.4% and 44.4% identity, respectively) to those of Colletotrichum eremochloae partitivirus 1 (CePV1), which were obtained from the NCBI database. A phylogenetic tree based on the RdRp sequence showed that MbPV1 clustered with members of the proposed genus "Epsilonpartitivirus", belonging to family Partitiviridae. Here, we propose that MbPV1 is a member of a new species of the proposed genus "Epsilonpartitivirus". This is the first sequence data report of a new mycovirus from a member of the genus Metarhizium.
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da Cunha LP, Casciatori FP, de Cenço Lopes I, Thoméo JC. Production of conidia of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae ICB 425 in a tray bioreactor. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2019; 42:1757-1768. [PMID: 31327074 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-019-02172-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The use of Metarhizium anisopliae as a bioinsecticide is steeply increasing worldwide. However, to reduce the production costs, it is necessary to develop sophisticated techniques for conidia production. This work aimed to use a tray bioreactor to produce conidia of M. anisopliae ICB-425 in long rice and find the limiting bed depth in which the production is still viable. Experiments have been carried out to assess the influence of the air temperature and relative humidity on the spore concentration in order to determine the limiting temperature. Two scales of bioreactors in plastic packages have been used, containing 10 and 500 g of rice, and the results were similar. In the tray bioreactor, the bed depths of 2, 4 and 6 cm have been used, corresponding to the dry rice weights of 1, 2 and 3 kg, respectively, and the results were similar to the ones in plastic packages. A one-phase heat transfer model has been used to foresee the maximum temperature within the bed and the results agreed fairly well with the experimental ones. Using the model, a bed depth of 7 cm was found to be the limit for the tray bioreactor. The results obtained are very promising for the mass production of conidia of M. anisopliae at lower costs and with more effective control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Portilho da Cunha
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Cristóvão Colombo 2265, Jardim Nazareth, São José Do Rio Preto, SP, 15054-000, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Perpétua Casciatori
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rod. Washington Luiz, km 235, SP 310, Bairro Monjolinho, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Isabella de Cenço Lopes
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Cristóvão Colombo 2265, Jardim Nazareth, São José Do Rio Preto, SP, 15054-000, Brazil
| | - João Cláudio Thoméo
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Cristóvão Colombo 2265, Jardim Nazareth, São José Do Rio Preto, SP, 15054-000, Brazil
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Mycoviral Population Dynamics in Spanish Isolates of the Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana. Viruses 2018; 10:v10120665. [PMID: 30477213 PMCID: PMC6315922 DOI: 10.3390/v10120665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of mycoviruses to manipulate the virulence of entomopathogenic fungi employed as biocontrol agents may lead to the development of novel methods to control attacks by insect pests. Such approaches are urgently required, as existing agrochemicals are being withdrawn from the market due to environmental and health concerns. The aim of this work is to investigate the presence and diversity of mycoviruses in large panels of entomopathogenic fungi, mostly from Spain and Denmark. In total, 151 isolates belonging to the genera Beauveria, Metarhizium, Lecanicillium, Purpureocillium, Isaria, and Paecilomyces were screened for the presence of dsRNA elements and 12 Spanish B. bassiana isolates were found to harbor mycoviruses. All identified mycoviruses belong to three previously characterised species, the officially recognised Beauveria bassiana victorivirus 1 (BbVV-1) and the proposed Beauveria bassiana partitivirus 2 (BbPV-2) and Beauveria bassiana polymycovirus 1 (BbPmV-1); individual B. bassiana isolates may harbor up to three of these mycoviruses. Notably, these mycovirus species are under distinct selection pressures, while recombination of viral genomes increases population diversity. Phylogenetic analysis of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene sequences revealed that the current population structure in Spain is potentially a result of both vertical and horizontal mycovirus transmission. Finally, pathogenicity experiments using the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata showed no direct correlation between the presence of any particular mycovirus and the virulence of the B. bassiana isolates, but illustrated potentially interesting isolates that exhibit relatively high virulence, which will be used in more detailed virulence experimentation in the future.
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