1
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Cronin JT, Goddard J, Krivchenia A, Shivaji R. Density-dependent within-patch movement behavior of two competing species. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10753. [PMID: 38020706 PMCID: PMC10659955 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Movement behavior is central to understanding species distributions, population dynamics and coexistence with other species. Although the relationship between conspecific density and emigration has been well studied, little attention has been paid to how interspecific competitor density affects another species' movement behavior. We conducted releases of two species of competing Tribolium flour beetles at different densities, alone and together in homogeneous microcosms, and tested whether their recaptures-with-distance were well described by a random-diffusion model. We also determined whether mean displacement distances varied with the release density of conspecific and heterospecific beetles. A diffusion model provided a good fit to the redistribution of T. castaneum and T. confusum at all release densities, explaining an average of >60% of the variation in recaptures. For both species, mean displacement (directly proportional to the diffusion rate) exhibited a humped-shaped relationship with conspecific density. Finally, we found that both species of beetle impacted the within-patch movement rates of the other species, but the effect depended on density. For T. castaneum in the highest density treatment, the addition of equal numbers of T. castaneum or T. confusum had the same effect, with mean displacements reduced by approximately one half. The same result occurred for T. confusum released at an intermediate density. In both cases, it was total beetle abundance, not species identity that mattered to mean displacement. We suggest that displacement or diffusion rates that exhibit a nonlinear relationship with density or depend on the presence or abundance of interacting species should be considered when attempting to predict the spatial spread of populations or scaling up to heterogeneous landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T. Cronin
- Department of Biological SciencesLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
| | - Jerome Goddard
- Department of Mathematics and Computer ScienceAuburn University MontgomeryMontgomeryAlabamaUSA
| | - Aaron Krivchenia
- Department of Biological SciencesLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
| | - Ratnasingham Shivaji
- Department of Mathematics and StatisticsUniversity of North Carolina GreensboroGreensboroNorth CarolinaUSA
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2
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Pattni K, Ali W, Broom M, Sharkey KJ. Eco-evolutionary dynamics in finite network-structured populations with migration. J Theor Biol 2023; 572:111587. [PMID: 37517517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2023.111587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
We consider the effect of network structure on the evolution of a population. Models of this kind typically consider a population of fixed size and distribution. Here we consider eco-evolutionary dynamics where population size and distribution can change through birth, death and migration, all of which are separate processes. This allows complex interaction and migration behaviours that are dependent on competition. For migration, we assume that the response of individuals to competition is governed by tolerance to their group members, such that less tolerant individuals are more likely to move away due to competition. We look at the success of a mutant in the rare mutation limit for the complete, cycle and star networks. Unlike models with fixed population size and distribution, the distribution of the individuals per site is explicitly modelled by considering the dynamics of the population. This in turn determines the mutant appearance distribution for each network. Where a mutant appears impacts its success as it determines the competition it faces. For low and high migration rates the complete and cycle networks have similar mutant appearance distributions resulting in similar success levels for an invading mutant. A higher migration rate in the star network is detrimental for mutant success because migration results in a crowded central site where a mutant is more likely to appear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Pattni
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom.
| | - Wajid Ali
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Broom
- Department of Mathematics, City, University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Kieran J Sharkey
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
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3
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Norris GS, Virgin SDS, Schneider DW, McCoy EM, Wilson JM, Morrill KL, Hayter L, Hicks ME, Barbeau MA. Patch-level processes of vegetation underlying site-level restoration patterns in a megatidal salt marsh. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.1000075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Vegetation patterns during salt marsh restoration reflect underlying processes related to colonization, reproduction, and interactions of halotolerant plants. Examining both pattern and process during recovery is valuable for understanding and managing salt marsh restoration projects. We present a decade of vegetation dynamics during salt marsh restoration (2011–2020) at a study site in the Bay of Fundy with megatidal amplitudes, strong currents, cold winter temperatures, and ice. We mainly investigated reproduction (asexual and sexual) and associated spread rates of Spartina grasses, and their health-related states (stem density, canopy height, and percent flowering) which help inform the probability of processes occurring. We also estimated modes of colonization and began quantifying the effects of interspecific interactions and environmental conditions on plant state. Spartina pectinata was the only pastureland plant to survive dike-breaching and saltwater intrusion in 2010; however, it was stunted compared to reference plants. Spartina pectinata patches remained consistent initially, before decreasing in size, and disappearing by the fifth year (2015). This early dynamic may provide initial protection to a developing salt marsh before Spartina alterniflora becomes established. Spartina alterniflora first colonized the sites in year 2 (2012), likely via deposition of rhizomal material, and then spread asexually before seedlings (sexual reproduction) appeared in year 4 (2014). Vegetation cover subsequently increased greatly until near-complete in year 9 (2019). The early successional dynamics of S. pectinata and S. alterniflora occurred spatially independently of each other, and likely contributed to sediment retention, creating an improved environment for S. patens, the dominant high marsh species in our region. Spartina patens have been slowly spreading into restoration sites from high elevation areas since year 6 (2016). We expect that competition between S. alterniflora and S. patens will result in the typical distinct zonation between high and low marsh zones. A next study will use the quantified processes for spatial-explicit modeling to simulate patterns of vegetation recovery, and to evaluate different salt marsh restoration strategies for the Bay of Fundy and elsewhere. Thus, proper identification and quantification of pattern-building processes in salt marsh vegetation recovery, the focus of our present study, was an essential step.
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4
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Sun GQ, Li L, Li J, Liu C, Wu YP, Gao S, Wang Z, Feng GL. Impacts of climate change on vegetation pattern: Mathematical modeling and data analysis. Phys Life Rev 2022; 43:239-270. [PMID: 36343569 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Climate change has become increasingly severe, threatening ecosystem stability and, in particular, biodiversity. As a typical indicator of ecosystem evolution, vegetation growth is inevitably affected by climate change, and therefore has a great potential to provide valuable information for addressing such ecosystem problems. However, the impacts of climate change on vegetation growth, especially the spatial and temporal distribution of vegetation, are still lacking of comprehensive exposition. To this end, this review systematically reveals the influences of climate change on vegetation dynamics in both time and space by dynamical modeling the interactions of meteorological elements and vegetation growth. Moreover, we characterize the long-term evolution trend of vegetation growth under climate change in some typical regions based on data analysis. This work is expected to lay a necessary foundation for systematically revealing the coupling effect of climate change on the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Quan Sun
- Department of Mathematics, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, China; Complex Systems Research Center, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519082, China.
| | - Li Li
- School of Computer and Information Technology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Applied Mathematics, Shanxi University of Finance and Economics, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Center for Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Yong-Ping Wu
- College of Physics Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, China
| | - Shupeng Gao
- School of Mechanical Engineering and School of Artificial Intelligence, Optics and Electronics (iOPEN), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xian, 710072, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and School of Artificial Intelligence, Optics and Electronics (iOPEN), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xian, 710072, China.
| | - Guo-Lin Feng
- College of Physics Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, China; Laboratory for Climate Studies, National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, 100081, China.
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5
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Spatial patterns in ecological systems: from microbial colonies to landscapes. Emerg Top Life Sci 2022; 6:245-258. [PMID: 35678374 DOI: 10.1042/etls20210282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Self-organized spatial patterns are ubiquitous in ecological systems and allow populations to adopt non-trivial spatial distributions starting from disordered configurations. These patterns form due to diverse nonlinear interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment, and lead to the emergence of new (eco)system-level properties unique to self-organized systems. Such pattern consequences include higher resilience and resistance to environmental changes, abrupt ecosystem collapse, hysteresis loops, and reversal of competitive exclusion. Here, we review ecological systems exhibiting self-organized patterns. We establish two broad pattern categories depending on whether the self-organizing process is primarily driven by nonlinear density-dependent demographic rates or by nonlinear density-dependent movement. Using this organization, we examine a wide range of observational scales, from microbial colonies to whole ecosystems, and discuss the mechanisms hypothesized to underlie observed patterns and their system-level consequences. For each example, we review both the empirical evidence and the existing theoretical frameworks developed to identify the causes and consequences of patterning. Finally, we trace qualitative similarities across systems and propose possible ways of developing a more quantitative understanding of how self-organization operates across systems and observational scales in ecology.
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6
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Ge Z, Liu QX. Foraging behaviours lead to spatiotemporal self-similar dynamics in grazing ecosystems. Ecol Lett 2021; 25:378-390. [PMID: 34808693 PMCID: PMC9299242 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Biological behaviour‐driven self‐organized patterns have recently been confirmed to play a key role in ecosystem functioning. Here, we develop a theoretical phase‐separation model to describe spatiotemporal self‐similar dynamics, which is a consequence of behaviour‐driven trophic interactions in short‐time scales. Our framework integrates scale‐dependent feedback and density‐dependent movement into grazing ecosystems. This model derives six types of selective foraging behaviours that trigger pattern formation for top‐down grazing ecosystems, and one of which is consistent with existing foraging theories. Self‐organized patterns nucleate under moderate grazing intensity and are destroyed by overgrazing, which suggests ecosystem degradation. Theoretical results qualitatively agree with observed grazing ecosystems that display spatial heterogeneities under variable grazing intensity. Our findings potentially provide new insights into self‐organized patterns as an indicator of ecosystem transitions under a stressful environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenpeng Ge
- Center for Global Change and Complex Ecosystems, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Quan-Xing Liu
- Center for Global Change and Complex Ecosystems, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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7
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Rietkerk M, Bastiaansen R, Banerjee S, van de Koppel J, Baudena M, Doelman A. Evasion of tipping in complex systems through spatial pattern formation. Science 2021; 374:eabj0359. [PMID: 34618584 DOI: 10.1126/science.abj0359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Rietkerk
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, 3508 TC, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Robbin Bastiaansen
- Department of Physics, Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 TA, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Swarnendu Banerjee
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, 3508 TC, Utrecht, Netherlands.,The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, CIT Campus, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India.,Indian Statistical Institute, Agricultural and Ecological Research Unit, Kolkata 700108, India
| | - Johan van de Koppel
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, 4400 AC, Yerseke, Netherlands.,Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Conservation Ecology Group, University of Groningen, 9700 CC, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Mara Baudena
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, 3508 TC, Utrecht, Netherlands.,National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (CNR-ISAC), 10133 Torino, Italy
| | - Arjen Doelman
- Mathematical Institute, Leiden University, 2300 RA, Leiden, Netherlands
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8
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Li A, Matsuoka N, Niu F, Chen J, Ge Z, Hu W, Li D, Hallet B, van de Koppel J, Goldenfeld N, Liu QX. Ice needles weave patterns of stones in freezing landscapes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2110670118. [PMID: 34593647 PMCID: PMC8501760 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2110670118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Patterned ground, defined by the segregation of stones in soil according to size, is one of the most strikingly self-organized characteristics of polar and high-alpine landscapes. The presence of such patterns on Mars has been proposed as evidence for the past presence of surface liquid water. Despite their ubiquity, the dearth of quantitative field data on the patterns and their slow dynamics have hindered fundamental understanding of the pattern formation mechanisms. Here, we use laboratory experiments to show that stone transport is strongly dependent on local stone concentration and the height of ice needles, leading effectively to pattern formation driven by needle ice activity. Through numerical simulations, theory, and experiments, we show that the nonlinear amplification of long wavelength instabilities leads to self-similar dynamics that resemble phase separation patterns in binary alloys, characterized by scaling laws and spatial structure formation. Our results illustrate insights to be gained into patterns in landscapes by viewing the pattern formation through the lens of phase separation. Moreover, they may help interpret spatial structures that arise on diverse planetary landscapes, including ground patterns recently examined using the rover Curiosity on Mars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Rock Mechanics and Geohazards of Zhejiang Province, College of Civil Engineering, Shaoxing University, 312000 Shaoxing, China
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-0006, Japan
| | - Norikazu Matsuoka
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-0006, Japan
| | - Fujun Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environmental and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000 Lanzhou, China
- South China Institution of Geotechnical Engineering, School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, 510641 Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Rock Mechanics and Geohazards of Zhejiang Province, College of Civil Engineering, Shaoxing University, 312000 Shaoxing, China
| | - Zhenpeng Ge
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China
| | - Wensi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China
| | - Desheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Bernard Hallet
- Department of Earth and Space Sciences and Quaternary Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Johan van de Koppel
- Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, 4400 AC, Yerseke, The Netherlands
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, 9700 CC Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nigel Goldenfeld
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Quan-Xing Liu
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China
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9
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Chatterjee P, Goldenfeld N. Field-theoretic model for chemotaxis in run and tumble particles. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:032603. [PMID: 33862765 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.032603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we develop a field-theoretic description for run and tumble chemotaxis, based on a density-functional description of crystalline materials modified to capture orientational ordering. We show that this framework, with its in-built multiparticle interactions, soft-core repulsion, and elasticity, is ideal for describing continuum collective phases with particle resolution, but on diffusive timescales. We show that our model exhibits particle aggregation in an externally imposed constant attractant field, as is observed for phototactic or thermotactic agents. We also show that this model captures particle aggregation through self-chemotaxis, an important mechanism that aids quorum-dependent cellular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purba Chatterjee
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Loomis Laboratory of Physics, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois, 61801-3080, USA
| | - Nigel Goldenfeld
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Loomis Laboratory of Physics, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois, 61801-3080, USA
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10
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Abstract
Population-level scaling in ecological systems arises from individual growth and death with competitive constraints. We build on a minimal dynamical model of metabolic growth where the tension between individual growth and mortality determines population size distribution. We then separately include resource competition based on shared capture area. By varying rates of growth, death, and competitive attrition, we connect regular and random spatial patterns across sessile organisms from forests to ants, termites, and fairy circles. Then, we consider transient temporal dynamics in the context of asymmetric competition, such as canopy shading or large colony dominance, whose effects primarily weaken the smaller of two competitors. When such competition couples slow timescales of growth to fast competitive death, it generates population shocks and demographic oscillations similar to those observed in forest data. Our minimal quantitative theory unifies spatiotemporal patterns across sessile organisms through local competition mediated by the laws of metabolic growth, which in turn, are the result of long-term evolutionary dynamics.
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11
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Tumbarell Aranda O, Penna ALA, Oliveira FA. Nonlinear self-organized population dynamics induced by external selective nonlocal processes. COMMUNICATIONS IN NONLINEAR SCIENCE & NUMERICAL SIMULATION 2021; 93:105512. [PMID: 32901187 PMCID: PMC7470875 DOI: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2020.105512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Self-organization evolution of a population is studied considering generalized reaction-diffusion equations. We proposed a model based on non-local operators that has several of the equations traditionally used in research on population dynamics as particular cases. Then, employing a relatively simple functional form of the non-local kernel, we determined the conditions under which the analyzed population develops spatial patterns, as well as their main characteristics. Finally, we established a relationship between the developed model and real systems by making simulations of bacterial populations subjected to non-homogeneous lighting conditions. Our proposal reproduces some of the experimental results that other approaches considered previously had not been able to obtain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orestes Tumbarell Aranda
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília DF, 70919-970, Brasil
- International Center for Condensed Matter Physics, CP 04455, 70919-970, Brasilia DF, Brazil
| | - André L A Penna
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília DF, 70919-970, Brasil
- International Center for Condensed Matter Physics, CP 04455, 70919-970, Brasilia DF, Brazil
| | - Fernando A Oliveira
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília DF, 70919-970, Brasil
- International Center for Condensed Matter Physics, CP 04455, 70919-970, Brasilia DF, Brazil
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Universitário da Federação, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo s/n, Salvador, 40170-115, BA, Brasil
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12
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Tumbarell Aranda O, Penna ALA, Oliveira FA. Nonlinear self-organized population dynamics induced by external selective nonlocal processes. COMMUNICATIONS IN NONLINEAR SCIENCE & NUMERICAL SIMULATION 2021. [PMID: 32901187 DOI: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2020.105532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Self-organization evolution of a population is studied considering generalized reaction-diffusion equations. We proposed a model based on non-local operators that has several of the equations traditionally used in research on population dynamics as particular cases. Then, employing a relatively simple functional form of the non-local kernel, we determined the conditions under which the analyzed population develops spatial patterns, as well as their main characteristics. Finally, we established a relationship between the developed model and real systems by making simulations of bacterial populations subjected to non-homogeneous lighting conditions. Our proposal reproduces some of the experimental results that other approaches considered previously had not been able to obtain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orestes Tumbarell Aranda
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília DF, 70919-970, Brasil
- International Center for Condensed Matter Physics, CP 04455, 70919-970, Brasilia DF, Brazil
| | - André L A Penna
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília DF, 70919-970, Brasil
- International Center for Condensed Matter Physics, CP 04455, 70919-970, Brasilia DF, Brazil
| | - Fernando A Oliveira
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília DF, 70919-970, Brasil
- International Center for Condensed Matter Physics, CP 04455, 70919-970, Brasilia DF, Brazil
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Universitário da Federação, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo s/n, Salvador, 40170-115, BA, Brasil
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13
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Ellis JR, Petrovskaya NB. A computational study of density-dependent individual movement and the formation of population clusters in two-dimensional spatial domains. J Theor Biol 2020; 505:110421. [PMID: 32735993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2020.110421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The patterns of collective behaviour in a population emerging from individual animal movement have long been of interest to ecologists, as has the emergence of heterogeneous patterns among a population. In this paper we will consider these phenomena by using an individual-based modelling approach to simulate a population whose individuals undergo density-dependent movement in 2D spatial domains. We first show that the introduction of density-dependent movement in the form of two parameters, a perception radius and a probability of directed movement, leads to the formation of clusters. We then show that the properties of the clusters and their stability over time are different between populations of Brownian and non-Brownian walkers and are also dependent on the choice of parameters. Finally, we consider the effect of the probability of directed movement on the temporal stability of clusters and show that while clusters formed by Brownian and non-Brownian walkers may have similar properties with certain parameter sets, the spatio-temporal dynamics remain different.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Ellis
- School of Mathematics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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14
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Movement patterns of the grey field slug (Deroceras reticulatum) in an arable field. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17970. [PMID: 33087800 PMCID: PMC7578660 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74643-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the results of an experiment on radio-tracking of individual grey field slugs in an arable field and associated data modelling designed to investigate the effect of slug population density in their movement. Slugs were collected in a commercial winter wheat field in which a 5x6 trapping grid had been established with 2m distance between traps. The slugs were taken to the laboratory, radio-tagged using a recently developed procedure, and following a recovery period released into the same field. Seventeen tagged slugs were released singly (sparse release) on the same grid node on which they had been caught. Eleven tagged slugs were released as a group (dense release). Each of the slugs was radio-tracked for approximately 10 h during which their position was recorded ten times. The tracking data were analysed using the Correlated Random Walk framework. The analysis revealed that all components of slug movement (mean speed, turning angles and movement/resting times) were significantly different between the two treatments. On average, the slugs released as a group disperse more slowly than slugs released individually and their turning angle has a clear anticlockwise bias. The results clearly suggest that population density is a factor regulating slug movement.
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15
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Demir E, Yaman YI, Basaran M, Kocabas A. Dynamics of pattern formation and emergence of swarming in Caenorhabditis elegans. eLife 2020; 9:52781. [PMID: 32250243 PMCID: PMC7202895 DOI: 10.7554/elife.52781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Many animals collectively form complex patterns to tackle environmental difficulties. Several biological and physical factors, such as animal motility, population densities, and chemical cues, play significant roles in this process. However, very little is known about how sensory information interplays with these factors and controls the dynamics of pattern formation. Here, we study the direct relation between oxygen sensing, pattern formation, and emergence of swarming in active Caenorhabditis elegans aggregates. We find that when thousands of animals gather on food, bacteria-mediated decrease in oxygen level slows down the animals and triggers motility-induced phase separation. Three coupled factors—bacterial accumulation, aerotaxis, and population density—act together and control the entire dynamics. Furthermore, we find that biofilm-forming bacterial lawns including Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strongly alter the collective dynamics due to the limited diffusibility of bacteria. Additionally, our theoretical model captures behavioral differences resulting from genetic variations and oxygen sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esin Demir
- Bio-Medical Sciences and Engineering Program, Koç University, Sarıyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Y Ilker Yaman
- Department of Physics, Koç University, Sarıyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Basaran
- Bio-Medical Sciences and Engineering Program, Koç University, Sarıyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Askin Kocabas
- Bio-Medical Sciences and Engineering Program, Koç University, Sarıyer, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Physics, Koç University, Sarıyer, Istanbul, Turkey.,Koç University Surface Science and Technology Center, Koç University, Sarıyer, Istanbul, Turkey.,Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, Sarıyer, Istanbul, Turkey
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16
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Zhao LX, Xu C, Ge ZM, van de Koppel J, Liu QX. The shaping role of self-organization: linking vegetation patterning, plant traits and ecosystem functioning. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 286:20182859. [PMID: 30966990 PMCID: PMC6501680 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.2859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-organized spatial patterns are increasingly recognized for their contribution to ecosystem functioning, in terms of enhanced productivity, ecosystem stability, and species diversity in terrestrial as well as marine ecosystems. Most studies on the impact of spatial self-organization have focused on systems that exhibit regular patterns. However, there is an abundance of patterns in many ecosystems which are not strictly regular. Understanding of how these patterns are formed and how they affect ecosystem function is crucial for the broad acceptance of self-organization as a keystone process in ecological theory. Here, using transplantation experiments in salt marsh ecosystems dominated by Scirpus mariqueter, we demonstrate that scale-dependent feedback is driving irregular spatial pattern formation of vegetation. Field observations and experiments have revealed that this self-organization process affects a range of plant traits, including shoot-to-root ratio, rhizome orientation, rhizome node number, and rhizome length, and enhances vegetation productivity. Moreover, patchiness in self-organized salt marsh vegetation can support a better microhabitat for macrobenthos, promoting their total abundance and spatial heterogeneity of species richness. Our results extend existing concepts of self-organization and its effects on productivity and biodiversity to the spatial irregular patterns that are observed in many systems. Our work also helps to link between the so-far largely unconnected fields of self-organization theory and trait-based, functional ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xia Zhao
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Xu
- 2 School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Zhen-Ming Ge
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Johan van de Koppel
- 3 Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems , Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, PO Box 140, 4400 AC Yerseke , The Netherlands
| | - Quan-Xing Liu
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China.,4 Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration & Tiantong National Station for Forest Ecosystem Research , School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241 , People's Republic of China.,5 Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, School of Ecological and Environmental Science , East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai , People's Republic of China
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17
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Minnis H, Posserud MB, Thompson L, Gillberg C. Hypothesis: The highly folded brain surface might be structured and located so as to facilitate inter-brain synchronization. RESEARCH IDEAS AND OUTCOMES 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/rio.6.e48887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We integrate recent findings from neuro-anatomy, electroencephalography, quantum biology and social/neurodevelopment to propose that the brain surface might be specialised for communication with other brains.
Ground breaking, but still small-scale, research has demonstrated that human brains can act in synchrony and detect the brain activity of other human brains. Group aggregation, in all species, maximises community support and safety but does not depend on verbal or visual interaction. The morphology of the brain’s outermost layers, across a wide range of species, exhibits a highly folded fractal structure that is likely to maximise exchange at the surface: in humans, a reduced brain surface area is associated with disorders of social communication. The brain sits in a vulnerable exposed location where it is prone to damage, rather than being housed in a central location such as within the ribcage.
These observations have led us to the hypothesis that the brain surface might be specialised for interacting with other brains at its surface, allowing synchronous non-verbal interaction. To our knowledge, this has not previously been proposed or investigated.
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18
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Bertolini C, Cornelissen B, Capelle J, van de Koppel J, Bouma TJ. Putting self‐organization to the test: labyrinthine patterns as optimal solution for persistence. OIKOS 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.06373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Bertolini
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Inst. for Sea Research, Dept of Estuarine and Delta Systems, and Utrecht Univ PO Box 140 NL‐4401 NT Yerseke the Netherlands
| | - Brenda Cornelissen
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Inst. for Sea Research, Dept of Estuarine and Delta Systems, and Utrecht Univ PO Box 140 NL‐4401 NT Yerseke the Netherlands
- HAS Hogeschool, Univ. of Applied Sciences, ‘s Hertogenbosch the Netherlands
| | - Jacob Capelle
- Wageningen Univ. and Research – Wageningen Marine Research Yerseke the Netherlands
| | - Johan van de Koppel
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Inst. for Sea Research, Dept of Estuarine and Delta Systems, and Utrecht Univ PO Box 140 NL‐4401 NT Yerseke the Netherlands
| | - Tjeerd J. Bouma
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Inst. for Sea Research, Dept of Estuarine and Delta Systems, and Utrecht Univ PO Box 140 NL‐4401 NT Yerseke the Netherlands
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19
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Andrade-Restrepo M, Champagnat N, Ferrière R. Local adaptation, dispersal evolution, and the spatial eco-evolutionary dynamics of invasion. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:767-777. [PMID: 30887688 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Local adaptation and dispersal evolution are key evolutionary processes shaping the invasion dynamics of populations colonizing new environments. Yet their interaction is largely unresolved. Using a single-species population model along a one-dimensional environmental gradient, we show how local competition and dispersal jointly shape the eco-evolutionary dynamics and speed of invasion. From a focal introduction site, the generic pattern predicted by our model features a temporal transition from wave-like to pulsed invasion. Each regime is driven primarily by local adaptation, while the transition is caused by eco-evolutionary feedbacks mediated by dispersal. The interaction range and cost of dispersal arise as key factors of the duration and speed of each phase. Our results demonstrate that spatial eco-evolutionary feedbacks along environmental gradients can drive strong temporal variation in the rate and structure of population spread, and must be considered to better understand and forecast invasion rates and range dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín Andrade-Restrepo
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR 7592, Université Paris Diderot, Paris Cité Sorbonne, F-750205, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Champagnat
- IECL, CNRS UMR 7502, Université de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54506, Lorraine, France.,Inria, TOSCA team, Villers-lès-Nancy, F-54600, France
| | - Régis Ferrière
- Institut de Biologie de l'ENS, CNRS UMR 8197, INSERM U 1043, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences & Lettres University, Paris, F-75005, France.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.,Interdisciplinary Global Environmental Studies (iGLOBES), CNRS, UMI 3157, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
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20
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Brito-Millán M, Werner BT, Sandin SA, McNamara DE. Influence of aggregation on benthic coral reef spatio-temporal dynamics. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:181703. [PMID: 30891282 PMCID: PMC6408412 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.181703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Spatial patterning of coral reef sessile benthic organisms can constrain competitive and demographic rates, with implications for dynamics over a range of time scales. However, techniques for quantifying and analysing reefscape behaviour, particularly at short to intermediate time scales (weeks to decades), are lacking. An analysis of the dynamics of coral reefscapes simulated with a lattice model shows consistent trends that can be categorized into four stages: a repelling stage that moves rapidly away from an unstable initial condition, a transient stage where spatial rearrangements bring key competitors into contact, an attracting stage where the reefscape decays to a steady-state attractor, and an attractor stage. The transient stage exhibits nonlinear dynamics, whereas the other stages are linear. The relative durations of the stages are affected by the initial spatial configuration as characterized by coral aggregation-a measure of spatial clumpiness, which together with coral and macroalgae fractional cover, more completely describe modelled reefscape dynamics. Incorporating diffusional processes results in aggregated patterns persisting in the attractor. Our quantitative characterization of reefscape dynamics has possible applications to other spatio-temporal systems and implications for reef restoration: high initial aggregation patterns slow losses in herbivore-limited systems and low initial aggregation configurations accelerate growth in herbivore-dominated systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Brito-Millán
- Complex Systems Laboratory, Climate, Atmospheric Sciences, and Physical Oceanography, and University of California - San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0230, USA
- Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of San Diego, 5998 Alcalá Park, San Diego, CA 92110-2492, USA
- Environmental and Ocean Sciences Department, University of San Diego, 5998 Alcalá Park, San Diego, CA 92110-2492, USA
| | - B. T. Werner
- Complex Systems Laboratory, Climate, Atmospheric Sciences, and Physical Oceanography, and University of California - San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0230, USA
| | - Stuart A. Sandin
- Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of San Diego, 5998 Alcalá Park, San Diego, CA 92110-2492, USA
| | - Dylan E. McNamara
- Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography/Center for Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina, Wilmington, 601 South College Road, Wilmington, NC 28403, USA
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21
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Park HJ, Gokhale CS. Ecological feedback on diffusion dynamics. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:181273. [PMID: 30891264 PMCID: PMC6408370 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.181273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Spatial patterns are ubiquitous across different scales of organization in ecological systems. Animal coat pattern, spatial organization of insect colonies and vegetation in arid areas are prominent examples from such diverse ecologies. Typically, pattern formation has been described by reaction-diffusion equations, which consider individuals dispersing between subpopulations of a global pool. This framework applied to public goods game nicely showed the endurance of populations via diffusion and generation of spatial patterns. However, how the spatial characteristics, such as diffusion, are related to the eco-evolutionary process as well as the nature of the feedback from evolution to ecology and vice versa, has been so far neglected. We present a thorough analysis of the ecologically driven evolutionary dynamics in a spatially extended version of ecological public goods games. Furthermore, we show how these evolutionary dynamics feed back into shaping the ecology, thus together determining the fate of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Park
- Department of Evolutionary Theory, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, August Thienemann Street 2, 24306 Plön, Germany
| | - Chaitanya S. Gokhale
- Research Group for Theoretical Models of Eco-evolutionary Dynamics, Department of Evolutionary Theory, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, August Thienemann Street 2, 24306 Plön, Germany
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22
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Ellis J, Petrovskaya N, Petrovskii S. Effect of density-dependent individual movement on emerging spatial population distribution: Brownian motion vs Levy flights. J Theor Biol 2018; 464:159-178. [PMID: 30576692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Individual animal movement has been a focus of intense research and considerable controversy over the last two decades, however the understanding of wider ecological implications of various movement behaviours is lacking. In this paper, we consider this issue in the context of pattern formation. Using an individual-based modelling approach and computer simulations, we first show that density dependence ("auto-taxis") of the individual movement in a population of random walkers typically results in the formation of a strongly heterogeneous population distribution consisting of clearly defined animal clusters or patches. We then show that, when the movement takes place in a large spatial domain, the properties of the clusters are significantly different in the populations of Brownian and non-Brownian walkers. Whilst clusters tend to be stable in the case of Brownian motion, in the population of Levy walkers clusters are dynamical so that the number of clusters fluctuates in the course of time. We also show that the population dynamics of non-Brownian walkers exhibits two different time scales: a short time scale of the relaxation of the initial condition and a long time scale when one type of dynamics is replaced by another. Finally, we show that the distribution of sample values in the populations of Brownian and non-Brownian walkers is significantly different.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Ellis
- School of Mathematics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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23
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Delciellos AC, Prevedello JA, Ribeiro SE, Cerqueira R, Vieira MV. Negative or positive density-dependence in movements depends on climatic seasons: The case of a Neotropical marsupial. AUSTRAL ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cláudia Delciellos
- Departamento de Ecologia; Laboratório de Vertebrados; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; CP 68020, Ilha do Fundão Rio de Janeiro RJ CEP 21941-902 Brazil
| | - Jayme Augusto Prevedello
- Departamento de Ecologia; Laboratório de Ecologia de Paisagens; Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Suzy Emidio Ribeiro
- Departamento de Ecologia; Laboratório de Vertebrados; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; CP 68020, Ilha do Fundão Rio de Janeiro RJ CEP 21941-902 Brazil
| | - Rui Cerqueira
- Departamento de Ecologia; Laboratório de Vertebrados; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; CP 68020, Ilha do Fundão Rio de Janeiro RJ CEP 21941-902 Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinícius Vieira
- Departamento de Ecologia; Laboratório de Vertebrados; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; CP 68020, Ilha do Fundão Rio de Janeiro RJ CEP 21941-902 Brazil
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24
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Jamali T, Naji A. Active fluids at circular boundaries: swim pressure and anomalous droplet ripening. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:4820-4834. [PMID: 29845128 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm00338f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the swim pressure exerted by non-chiral and chiral active particles on convex or concave circular boundaries. Active particles are modeled as non-interacting and non-aligning self-propelled Brownian particles. The convex and concave circular boundaries are used to model a fixed inclusion immersed in an active bath and a cavity (or container) enclosing the active particles, respectively. We first present a detailed analysis of the role of convex versus concave boundary curvature and of the chirality of active particles in their spatial distribution, chirality-induced currents, and the swim pressure they exert on the bounding surfaces. The results will then be used to predict the mechanical equilibria of suspended fluid enclosures (generically referred to as 'droplets') in a bulk with active particles being present either inside the bulk fluid or within the suspended droplets. We show that, while droplets containing active particles behave in accordance with standard capillary paradigms when suspended in a normal bulk, those containing a normal fluid exhibit anomalous behaviors when suspended in an active bulk. In the latter case, the excess swim pressure results in non-monotonic dependence of the inside droplet pressure on the droplet radius; hence, revealing an anomalous regime of behavior beyond a threshold radius, in which the inside droplet pressure increases upon increasing the droplet size. Furthermore, for two interconnected droplets, mechanical equilibrium can occur also when the droplets have different sizes. We thus identify a regime of anomalous droplet ripening, where two unequal-sized droplets can reach a final state of equal size upon interconnection, in stark contrast with the standard Ostwald ripening phenomenon, implying shrinkage of the smaller droplet in favor of the larger one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayeb Jamali
- School of Physics, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran 19395-5531, Iran.
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25
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Kazimierski LD, Kuperman MN, Wio HS, Abramson G. Waves of seed propagation induced by delayed animal dispersion. J Theor Biol 2018; 436:1-7. [PMID: 28966108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We study a model of seed dispersal that considers the inclusion of an animal disperser moving diffusively, feeding on fruits and transporting the seeds, which are later deposited and capable of germination. The dynamics depends on several population parameters of growth, decay, harvesting, transport, digestion and germination. In particular, the deposition of transported seeds at places away from their collection sites produces a delay in the dynamics, whose effects are the focus of this work. Analytical and numerical solutions of different simplified scenarios show the existence of travelling waves. The effect of zoochory is apparent in the increase of the velocity of these waves. The results support the hypothesis of the relevance of animal mediated seed dispersion when trying to understand the origin of the high rates of vegetable invasion observed in real systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila D Kazimierski
- Centro Atómico Bariloche, CONICET and Instituto Balseiro, R8402AGP San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina.
| | - Marcelo N Kuperman
- Centro Atómico Bariloche, CONICET and Instituto Balseiro, R8402AGP San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina.
| | - Horacio S Wio
- Instituto de Física de Cantabria (UC&CSIC), Avda. de los Castros, s/n, E-39005 Santander, Spain; Instituto de Física Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos (UIB&CSIC), Campus Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Guillermo Abramson
- Centro Atómico Bariloche, CONICET and Instituto Balseiro, R8402AGP San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina.
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26
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Groen TA, Van de Vijver CA, Van Langevelde F. Do spatially homogenising and heterogenising processes affect transitions between alternative stable states? Ecol Modell 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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Pringle RM, Tarnita CE. Spatial Self-Organization of Ecosystems: Integrating Multiple Mechanisms of Regular-Pattern Formation. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 62:359-377. [PMID: 28141964 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-031616-035413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale regular vegetation patterns are common in nature, but their causes are disputed. Whereas recent theory focuses on scale-dependent feedbacks as a potentially universal mechanism, earlier studies suggest that many regular spatial patterns result from territorial interference competition between colonies of social-insect ecosystem engineers, leading to hexagonally overdispersed nest sites and associated vegetation. Evidence for this latter mechanism is scattered throughout decades of disparate literature and lacks a unified conceptual framework, fueling skepticism about its generality in debates over the origins of patterned landscapes. We review these mechanisms and debates, finding evidence that spotted and gapped vegetation patterns generated by ants, termites, and other subterranean animals are globally widespread, locally important for ecosystem functioning, and consistent with models of intraspecific territoriality. Because these and other mechanisms of regular-pattern formation are not mutually exclusive and can coexist and interact at different scales, the prevailing theoretical outlook on spatial self-organization in ecology must expand to incorporate the dynamic interplay of multiple processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Pringle
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544; ,
| | - Corina E Tarnita
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544; ,
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28
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Kuperman M. Patterned distributed populations: Beyond Turing. Phys Life Rev 2016; 19:122-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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29
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Ecological patterns emerging as a result of the density distribution of organisms. Phys Life Rev 2016; 19:139-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Petrovskii S. Pattern, process, scale, and model's sensitivity. Phys Life Rev 2016; 19:131-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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31
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Balancing general principles with fine-scale interactions in understanding the emergence of movement-driven spatial patterns. Phys Life Rev 2016; 19:125-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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32
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The spatial patterning potential of nonlinear diffusion. Phys Life Rev 2016; 19:128-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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33
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Bridging physics and biology: Reply to comments on "Phase separation driven by density-dependent movement: A novel mechanism for ecological patterns". Phys Life Rev 2016; 19:142-146. [PMID: 27876344 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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34
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Reynolds AM. The Cahn-Hilliard phase separation principle maybe the tip of an iceberg: Comment on "Phase separation driven by density-dependent movement: A novel mechanism for ecological patterns" by Q.-X. Liu et al. Phys Life Rev 2016; 19:135-136. [PMID: 27665174 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A M Reynolds
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK.
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