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Hammad AM, Shawaqfeh B, Hikmat S, Al-Qirim T, Hamadneh L, Al-Kouz S, Awad MM, Hall FS. The Role of Vitamin E in Protecting against Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and the Neurotoxic Effects of Acute Paracetamol in Pregnant Female Rats. TOXICS 2023; 11:368. [PMID: 37112594 PMCID: PMC10141164 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11040368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Paracetamol (acetaminophen, APAP) is the most common non-prescription analgesic drug used during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin E on acute APAP toxicity in pregnant rats. Toxicity in the liver, kidney, and brain (hippocampus, cerebellum, and olfactory bulb) was examined. Twenty pregnant female Wistar rats at gestational day 18 were used. Pregnant rats were divided into four groups: Control, APAP, E + APAP, and APAP + E. The Control group was treated with 0.5 mL p.o. corn oil. The APAP group received 3000 mg/kg p.o. APAP. The E + APAP group received 300 mg/kg p.o. vitamin E one hour before 3000 mg/kg APAP. The APAP + E group received 3000 mg/kg paracetamol one hour before 300 mg/kg p.o. vitamin E. Twenty-four hours after the last treatment administration, rats were euthanized and blood, brain, liver, and kidney samples were collected. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine levels, uric acid (UA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, as well as the relative mRNA expression of Cyp1a4, Cyp2d6, and Nat2, were determined. Acute APAP treatment upregulated ALT, AST, BUN, and creatinine levels. APAP treatment downregulated UA and SOD levels. APAP treatment upregulated the relative mRNA expression of Cyp1a4 and Cyp2d6, but downregulated Nat2 expression. Vitamin E treatment, either before or after APAP administration, attenuated the toxic effects of APAP. In conclusion, the results showed that an acute toxic APAP dose in late pregnancy can cause oxidative stress and dysregulation in Cyp isoform expression, and that vitamin E treatment attenuates these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa M. Hammad
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan
| | - Baraa Shawaqfeh
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan
| | - Suhair Hikmat
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan
| | - Tariq Al-Qirim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan
| | - Lama Hamadneh
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan
| | - Sameer Al-Kouz
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan
| | - Mariam M. Awad
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan
| | - Frank S. Hall
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA;
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Renoprotective Effect of Taxifolin in Paracetamol-Induced Nephrotoxicity: Emerging Evidence from an Animal Model. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12030876. [PMID: 36769524 PMCID: PMC9917797 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12030876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taxifolin (TXF) is a flavonoid found abundantly in citrus/onion. Encouraging results on its renoprotective effect have been reported in a limited number of drug-induced nephrotoxicity animal models. The present study aimed to evaluate for the first time the potential renoprotective effects of TXF in a paracetamol (PAR)-induced nephrotoxicity rat model. METHODS Rats were divided into three equal groups (n = 6 animals per group). Group 1 (PAR group, PARG) received PAR diluted in normal saline by gavage (1000 mg/kg). Group 2 (TXF group, TXFG) received TXF diluted in normal saline by gavage (50 mg/kg) one hour after PAR administration. Group 3 (control group, CG) received normal saline. Twenty-four hours after PAR administration, all animals were sacrificed using high-dose anesthesia. Blood samples were collected and kidneys were removed. RESULTS The serum blood urea nitrogen, creatinine levels and serum malondialdehyde levels were significantly increased in the PARG. The serum glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and total glutathione levels were significantly higher in the TXFG. At the same time, the kidneys of the PARG animals demonstrated tubular epithelium swelling, distension and severe vacuolar degeneration. The kidneys of the TXFG animals showed mildly dilated/congested blood vessels. CONCLUSIONS The TXF renoprotective effects are promising in preventing PAR-induced nephrotoxicity, mainly through antioxidant activity, and warrant further testing in future studies.
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Ndetan H, Evans MW, Tanue T, Osuagwu CC, Elueze E, Singh KP, Calhoun K. Therapeutic Use of Acetaminophen and Light to Moderate Alcohol: Are There Early Disparate Risks for Kidney Disease? Health Equity 2020; 4:518-524. [PMID: 33376935 PMCID: PMC7757683 DOI: 10.1089/heq.2020.0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Acetaminophen (APAP) is the most common medication taken in the United States. Using the 2003-2004 U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), the authors previously explored and reported the relationship of concomitant consumption of light to moderate alcohol (LMA) and therapeutic doses of APAP to early risk of renal dysfunction among adults in the United States. Statistically significant increased odds of renal dysfunction were noted among respondents who reported use of therapeutic doses of APAP and LMA by adjusting for hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. In this study the authors explored further on of potential disparities in the above relationship in the population. The relationship was verified with the 2009 Chronic Kidney Disease-Epidemiology Collaboration creatine-based estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR). Methods: Subgroup logistic regression analyses to assess disparities based on gender, race, age, education, and income were performed for renal dysfunction measured in terms of serum creatinine (SCr) directly as well as self-report using NHANES 2003-2004 data. Results: Early stage renal dysfunction, as determined by self-reports, and SCr and GFR values may occur among those who concomitantly ingested therapeutic doses of APAP and described alcohol use when compared to those who do not. Risks were more profound among females, particularly in minority racial groups, below legal drinking age of 21, and with household income below $25K. Conclusion: Potential risks for renal dysfunction are apparent in a disparate manner resulting in possible health inequity. Further research could increase the sample size of minority groups and specifically assess for effect modifiers that NHANES does not include for assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison Ndetan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Community and Rural Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, USA
| | - Marion W. Evans
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Terence Tanue
- Data Analytics, Genpact LLC, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Christie C. Osuagwu
- Department of Community Health, School of Community and Rural Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, USA
| | - Emmanuel Elueze
- Medical Education and Professional Development, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, USA
| | - Karan P. Singh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Community and Rural Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, USA
| | - Kirk Calhoun
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, USA
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Pundee R, Kongtip P, Nankongnab N, Anutrakulchai S, Robson MG, Woskie S. Cross-shift change of acute kidney injury biomarkers in sugarcane farmers and cutters. HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT : HERA 2020; 27:1170-1187. [PMID: 34290492 PMCID: PMC8291722 DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2020.1812049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane farmers and cutters have been reported to be at high risk of acute kidney injury. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess acute kidney injury biomarkers, and cross-shift change among 150 sugarcane cutters and 98 sugarcane farmers in Thailand. Physical health examination, environmental measurements, and measured urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) were assessed. Cross-shift change of urine creatinine (uCr), albumin creatinine ratio (ACR), and NGAL between sugarcane farmers and cutters was compared. Factors influencing abnormal post-shift ACR and NGAL were analyzed by binary logistic regression adjusted with covariates. Sugarcane cutters were significantly more likely to take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) and herbs to relieve pain than sugarcane farmers. Males were more likely to be current smokers and drinkers although 62% of cutters and 56% of farmers were female. Sugarcane farmers and cutters had similar post-shift estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and ACR levels. Cross-shift measurements showed that both sugarcane cutters and sugarcane farmers had significantly higher post-shift geometric mean (GM) urinary NGAL, but that the cross-shift changes of NGAL were significantly higher for sugarcane cutters (182%) vs. sugarcane farmers (112%). Water intake less than recommendation of subjects was a significant predictor of a higher risk for an abnormal post-shift ACR after controlling for covariates, while being a sugarcane cutter was a predictor of a lower risk of an abnormal risk of a post-shift NGAL after controlling for covariates. Measurements of heat stress (WBGT plus workload) found that sugarcane cutters exceeded recommended exposures while sugarcane farmers were compliance to the TLV. These findings suggest that to protect sugarcane farmers and cutters, preventative measures are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritthirong Pundee
- Mahidol University Faculty of Public Health, Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pornpimol Kongtip
- Mahidol University Faculty of Public Health, Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Noppanun Nankongnab
- Mahidol University Faculty of Public Health, Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirirat Anutrakulchai
- Khon Kaen University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Mark Gregory Robson
- Rutgers, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, New Brunswick, USA
| | - Susan Woskie
- Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Department of Public Health, Lowell, USA
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El-Boshy M, BaSalamah MA, Ahmad J, Idris S, Mahbub A, Abdelghany AH, Almaimani RA, Almasmoum H, Ghaith MM, Elzubier M, Refaat B. Vitamin D protects against oxidative stress, inflammation and hepatorenal damage induced by acute paracetamol toxicity in rat. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 141:310-321. [PMID: 31255668 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Acute paracetamol (APAP) toxicity is a leading cause of liver, and less commonly renal, injuries through oxidative stress and inflammation. Albeit vitamin D (VD) is a well-known anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory hormone, there is no report on its potential protective/therapeutic actions against APAP acute toxicity. This study, therefore, measured the interplay between APAP toxicity and the hepatorenal expressions of the VD-metabolising enzymes (Cyp2R1, Cyp27b1 & cyp24a1), receptor (VDR) and binding protein (VDBP) alongside the effects of VD treatment on APAP-induced hepatorenal injuries. Thirty-two male rats were distributed equally into negative (NC) and positive (PC) controls besides VD prophylactic (P-VD) and therapeutic (T-VD) groups. All groups, except the NC, received a single oral dose of APAP (1200 mg/kg). The P-VD also received by intraperitoneal injection two cycles of VD3 (1000 IU/Kg/day; 5 days/week) prior to, and a third round after, APAP administration. Similarly, the T-VD group received VD3 (3000 IU/Kg/day) for five successive days post-APAP intoxication. Euthanasia was on the sixth day post-APAP toxicity. The PC group had marked alterations in the hepatorenal biochemical parameters, upregulation in cellular cleaved caspase-3 as well as pronounced increase in the numbers of apoptotic/necrotic cells by TUNEL technique. The PC group plasma levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH VD) also declined markedly and coincided with significant inhibitions in the expression of Cyp2R1 and Cyp27b1 enzymes and VDR, whereas the VDBP and Cyp24a1 increased substantially, in the hepatorenal tissues at the gene and protein levels compared with the NC group. Coherently, the lipid peroxidation marker (MDA) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL1β, IL6, IL17A, IFN-γ & TNF-α) augmented significantly, while the anti-oxidative markers (GSH, GPx & CAT) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL10 & IL22) diminished substantially, in the PC hepatorenal tissues. Both VD regimens alleviated the APAP-induced hepatorenal damages and restored the 25-OH VD levels together with the hepatorenal expression of Cyp2R1, Cyp27b1, Cyp24a1, VDR and VDBP. Additionally, MDA and all the targeted pro-inflammatory cytokines declined, whereas all the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory markers increased, in both VD groups hepatorenal tissues and the results were significantly different than the PC group. Although the P-VD anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress actions were more pronounced than the T-VD group, the results remained markedly abnormal than the NC group. In conclusion, this report is the first to reveal that the circulatory VD levels alongside the hepatorenal VD-metabolising enzymes and VDR are pathologically altered following acute APAP toxicity. Moreover, the prophylactic protocol showed better anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects than the therapeutic regimen against APAP-induced hepatorenal injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El-Boshy
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohammad A BaSalamah
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jawwad Ahmad
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakir Idris
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani Mahbub
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelghany H Abdelghany
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Riyad A Almaimani
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain Almasmoum
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen M Ghaith
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Elzubier
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassem Refaat
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
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Cabassi A, Tedeschi S, Perlini S, Verzicco I, Volpi R, Gonzi G, Canale SD. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug effects on renal and cardiovascular function: from physiology to clinical practice. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2019; 27:850-867. [PMID: 31088130 DOI: 10.1177/2047487319848105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Excessive or inappropriate use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can affect cardiovascular and renal function. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, both non-selective and selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors, are among the most widely used drugs, especially in the elderly, with multiple comorbidities. Exposition to a polypharmacy burden represents a favourable substrate for the onset of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced deleterious effects. Cardiovascular and renal issues concerning the occurrence of myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, heart failure and arterial hypertension, as well as acute or chronic kidney damage, become critical for clinicians in their daily practice. We discuss current available knowledge regarding prostanoid physiology in vascular, cardiac and renal systems, pointing out potential negative non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-related issues in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefano Tedeschi
- Cardiorenal Research Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Cardiology Unit, Ospedale Vaio, Vaio-Fidenza, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano Perlini
- Unità di Medicina Interna, Università di Pavia, Vaio-Fidenza, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Riccardo Volpi
- Cardiorenal Research Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Gianluca Gonzi
- Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Parma, Italy
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Alizadeh R, Aghsaie Fard Z. Renal impairment and analgesia: From effectiveness to adverse effects. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:17205-17211. [PMID: 30916404 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Kidney pain is one of the clinically significant features of renal dysfunction. Mild to severe pain is seen in the lower back area. Painkillers are mostly recommended in these cases to relieve the symptom. Yet, several analgesics are associated with side effects that can worsen the state of the disease. This review is based on the studies conducted in these aspects analgesics used to treat kidney pain and their effectiveness, renal consequences of postoperative analgesia, and pharmacogenetics of these palliatives are briefly summarized in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Alizadeh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ziba Aghsaie Fard
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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