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Schock S, Hakim A. The Physiological and Molecular Links Between Physical Activity and Brain Health: A Review. Neurosci Insights 2023; 18:26331055231191523. [PMID: 37600456 PMCID: PMC10436988 DOI: 10.1177/26331055231191523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
There is currently an epidemic of sedentary behavior throughout the world, leading to negative impacts on physical health and contributing to both mortality and burden of disease. The consequences of this also impact the brain, where increased levels of cognitive decline are observed in individuals who are more sedentary. This review explores the physiological and molecular responses to our sedentary propensity, its contribution to several medical conditions and cognitive deficits, and the benefits of moderate levels of physical activity and exercise. Also presented is the recommended level of activity for overall physical health improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Schock
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Antoine Hakim
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Sedentary Behaviour, Physical Activity and Psychobiological Stress Reactivity: A Systematic Review. Biol Psychol 2022; 172:108374. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2022.108374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Catov JM, Muldoon MF, Gandley RE, Brands J, Hauspurg A, Hubel CA, Tuft M, Schmella M, Tang G, Parks WT. Maternal Vascular Lesions in the Placenta Predict Vascular Impairments a Decade After Delivery. Hypertension 2022; 79:424-434. [PMID: 34879703 PMCID: PMC9026545 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.18394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Women with adverse pregnancy outcomes later experience excess hypertension and cardiovascular disease, but how the events are linked is unknown. Examination of the placenta may provide clues to vascular impairments after delivery. Maternal vascular malperfusion lesions (MVMs) were abstracted from clinical reports, validated and characterized using clinical guidelines and severity score. A total of 492 women (170 with MVMs and 322 without MVMs) participated in a study visit 8 to 10 years after delivery to assess blood pressure, cardiometabolic factors, and sublingual microvascular features using sidestream dark field imaging. Covariates included age, race, adverse pregnancy outcomes (preeclampsia, small for gestational age, and preterm birth), and health behaviors. Women with versus without MVM had a distinct sublingual microvascular profile comprised of (1) lower microvascular density (-410 μm/mm2, P=0.015), (2) higher red blood cell filling as a marker of perfusion (2%, P=0.004), and (3) smaller perfused boundary region (-0.07 µm, P=0.025) as a measure of glycocalyx integrity, adjusted for covariates including adverse pregnancy outcomes. Women with MVM also had higher adjusted diastolic blood pressure (+2.6 mm Hg, P=0.021), total and LDL (low-density lipoprotein)-cholesterol (+11.2 mg/dL, P=0.016; +8.7 mg/dL, P=0.031). MVM associations with subsequent cardiovascular measures did not vary by type of adverse pregnancy outcome, except among women with preterm births where blood pressure was higher only among those with MVM. Results were similar when evaluated as MVM severity. A decade after delivery, women with placental vascular lesions had an adverse cardiovascular profile comprised of microvascular rarefaction, higher blood pressure and more atherogenic lipids. Placental histopathology may reveal a woman's early trajectory toward subsequent vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- JM Catov
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, Magee-Women’s Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh,Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - MF Muldoon
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania
| | - RE Gandley
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, Magee-Women’s Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh
| | - J Brands
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, Magee-Women’s Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh
| | - A Hauspurg
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh
| | - CA Hubel
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, Magee-Women’s Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh
| | - M Tuft
- Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - M Schmella
- School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - G Tang
- Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - WT Parks
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto
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