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Nicolo M, Kawaguchi E, Ghanem-Uzqueda A, Kim AE, Soto D, Deva S, Shanker K, Rogers C, Lee R, Gilliland F, Van Orman S, Klausner J, Kovacs A, Conti D, Hu H, Unger JB. Correlates of COVID-19 vaccination status among college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-3. [PMID: 36596228 PMCID: PMC10315412 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2157216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Despite the widespread availability of COVID-19 vaccines in the United States, vaccine hesitancy remains high among certain groups. This study examined the correlates of being unvaccinated among a sample of students attending a single university (N = 2900) during the spring and summer of 2021, when the campus had been closed for over a year and students were preparing to return to in-person learning. Methods: Students responded to an email invitation and completed electronic surveys. Results: In multivariable logistic regression analyses, students were more likely to be unvaccinated if they were African American, identified with any political affiliation other than Democrat, were undergraduates or international students, had not traveled outside the Los Angeles during the pandemic, and/or had previously been ill with COVID-19. Conclusion: Findings indicate that culturally resonant educational interventions, and possibly vaccine requirements, are needed to promote vaccination among university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Nicolo
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles California
| | - Eric Kawaguchi
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles California
| | - Angie Ghanem-Uzqueda
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles California
- Family Medicine, Keck Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California
| | - Andre E. Kim
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles California
| | - Daniel Soto
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles California
| | - Sohini Deva
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles California
| | - Kush Shanker
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles California
| | - Christopher Rogers
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles California
| | - Ryan Lee
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles California
| | - Frank Gilliland
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles California
| | - Sarah Van Orman
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles California
- Family Medicine, Keck Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jeffrey Klausner
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles California
| | - Andrea Kovacs
- Keck School Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles California
| | - David Conti
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles California
| | - Howard Hu
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles California
| | - Jennifer B. Unger
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles California
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Schnake-Mahl A, Bilal U. Disaggregating disparities: A case study of heterogenous COVID-19 disparities across waves, geographies, social vulnerability, and political lean in Louisiana. Prev Med Rep 2022; 28:101833. [PMID: 35637894 PMCID: PMC9132785 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
While the first wave of COVID-19 primarily impacted urban areas, subsequent waves were more widespread. Most analysis of Covid-19 rates examine state or metropolitan areas, ignoring potential heterogeneity within states and metro areas, over time, and between populations with differing contextual and compositional features. In this study, we compare spatial and temporal trends in Covid-19 cases and deaths in Louisiana, USA, over time and across populations and geographies (New Orleans, other urban areas, suburban, rural) and parish-level political lean. We employ publicly available longitudinal census tract and parish-level Covid-19 data reported from February 27th, 2020 to October 27th, 2021. We find that incidence and mortality rates were initially highest in New Orleans and Democratic areas and higher in other geographies and more conservative areas during subsequent waves. We also find wide relative disparities during the first wave, where increased social vulnerability was associated with increased positivity and incidence across geographies and political contexts. However, relative disparities diverged by geography and political lean and outcome across the remaining waves. This work draws attention to the differential rates of Covid-19 cases and deaths by geography, time, and population throughout the pandemic, and importance of political and geographic boundaries for rates of Covid-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Schnake-Mahl
- Urban Health Collaborative, Drexel Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Health Management and Policy, Drexel Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corresponding author at: 3600 Market St. Suite 730, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Usama Bilal
- Urban Health Collaborative, Drexel Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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