The Effect of Distraction Methods During Venous Blood Sampling on Pain Levels in School-Age Children: A Systematic Review

Effects of Procedural Information, Buzzy, and Multiple Interventions on Pain in Children Undergoing Venipuncture: A Randomized Controlled Trial

BACKGROUND

Needle-related procedures are commonly performed in childhood and lead to considerable pain.

PURPOSE

This randomized controlled study was conducted to compare the effects on venipuncture pain of the Buzzy, an informational animated video, multiple interventions, and standard care in children aged 6-12 years.

METHODS

One hundred eighty children were assigned to the groups using a computerized randomization program. Pain level was evaluated by the children, parents, and their nurses using the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Scale. The level of agreement among the nurse, parents, and children's pain reports was evaluated. Multivariable regression analysis was performed to identify the factors significantly associated with pain score.

RESULTS

The participants in the Buzzy, video watching, and multiple intervention groups reported lower mean pain scores (child: KW = 28.24, p < .001; parent: KW = 18.51, p < .001; nurse: KW = 44.4, p < .001) than their peers in the control group. Moreover, age was identified as a risk factor affecting pain level ( OR = 1.375, 95% CI [1.086, 1.740]; p = .008).

CONCLUSIONS

Buzzy and informational videos are potentially effective methods to facilitate venipuncture-related pain management in children. The use of pain management methods during venipuncture is recommended, especially in children younger than 10 years old.