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Lôbo ILB, Wanner SP, Guerreiro RDC, Coelho BLP, Coimbra FEDS, Martins MEM, Duarte LCDA, Stieler E, de Mello MT, Silva A. Effects of two external cooling strategies on physiological and perceptual responses of athletes with tetraplegia during and after exercise in the heat. J Therm Biol 2024; 123:103896. [PMID: 38906048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Athletes with tetraplegia may experience marked hyperthermia while exercising under environmental heat stress due to their limited ability to dissipate heat through evaporative means. This study investigated the effectiveness of two external cooling strategies (i.e., spraying water onto the body surface or using a cooling vest) on physiological and perceptual variables in tetraplegic athletes during and after an aerobic exercise session in a hot environment. Nine male wheelchair rugby players performed an incremental test to determine their maximum aerobic power output. After that, they were subjected to three experimental trials in a counter-balanced order: control (CON, no body cooling), cooling vest (CV), and water spraying (WS). During these trials, they performed 30 min of a submaximal exercise (at 65% of their maximum aerobic power) inside an environmental chamber set to maintain the dry-bulb temperature at 32 °C. The following variables were recorded at regular intervals during the exercise and for an additional 30 min following the exertion (i.e., post-exercise recovery) with the participants also exposed to 32 °C: body core temperature (TCORE), skin temperature (TSKIN), heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), thermal comfort (TC), and thermal sensation (TS). While exercising in CON conditions, the tetraplegic athletes had the expected increases in TCORE, TSKIN, HR, RPE, and TC and TS scores. HR, TC, and TS decreased gradually toward pre-exercise values after the exercise, whereas TCORE and TSKIN remained stable at higher values. Using a cooling vest decreased the temperature measured only on the chest and reduced the scores of RPE, TC, and TS during and after exercise but did not influence the other physiological responses of the tetraplegic athletes. In contrast, spraying water onto the athletes' body surface attenuated the exercise-induced increase in TSKIN, led to lower HR values during recovery, and was also associated with better perception during and after exercise. We conclude that water spraying is more effective than the cooling vest in attenuating physiological strain induced by exercise-heat stress. However, although both external cooling strategies do not influence exercise hyperthermia, they improve the athletes' thermal perception and reduce perceived exertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Ludimila Bastos Lôbo
- Centro de Estudos em Psicobiologia e Exercício of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (CEPE/UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências do Movimento Humano of the Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais (DCMH/UEMG), Ibirité, MG, Brazil.
| | - Samuel Penna Wanner
- Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (LAFISE/UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Renato de Carvalho Guerreiro
- Centro de Estudos em Psicobiologia e Exercício of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (CEPE/UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Bruno Lourenço Pinto Coelho
- Centro de Estudos em Psicobiologia e Exercício of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (CEPE/UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | | | - Maria Eduarda Machado Martins
- Centro de Estudos em Psicobiologia e Exercício of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (CEPE/UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Larissa Cristina de Abreu Duarte
- Centro de Estudos em Psicobiologia e Exercício of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (CEPE/UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Stieler
- Centro de Estudos em Psicobiologia e Exercício of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (CEPE/UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Marco Túlio de Mello
- Centro de Estudos em Psicobiologia e Exercício of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (CEPE/UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Andressa Silva
- Centro de Estudos em Psicobiologia e Exercício of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (CEPE/UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Ascondo J, Iturricastillo A, Granados C, Fernandez-Lasa U, Romaratezabala E, Yanci J. Neuromuscular Fatigue after Small-Sided Games in Wheelchair Basketball Players with and without Spinal Cord Injury. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2024; 95:519-528. [PMID: 37956447 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2023.2265453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The aim was to analyze the differences between wheelchair basketball players with Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) and without Spinal Cord injury (Non-SCI) in psycho-physiological response and neuromuscular fatigue in a series of small-sided games (SSG). Methods: Thirteen high-level wheelchair basketball male players (age 28.8 ± 9.2 years, body mass 75.9 ± 11.3 kg) participated in four versus four SSG once a week for five consecutive weeks. Absolute and relative heart rate (HR) during SSG and muscular and respiratory perceived exertion (RPEmus and RPEres), tympanic temperature, and acceleration capacity were recorded at the end of each SSG. Results: No significant differences were observed between SCI and non-SCI players in relative HR variables in SSG series. However, the SCI group had a lower absolute HR (mean HR and peak HR) (p < .05 or p < .01, ES = 0.73-1.39) and higher perceived muscular load (RPEmusTL) (p < .01, ES = 0.75-0.82) during SSG. Regarding the evolution of the physiological response, no differences were observed between the four bouts in the SCI group. However, the Non-SCI group showed an increase in the absolute and relative variables of HR and RPEres and RPEmus (p < .05 or p < .01, ES = 0.45-1.06). On the contrary, only the SCI group showed a loss of acceleration capacity between the four series (p < .05, ES = 0.28-0.35). Conclusion: The results of this study show that there are differences between SCI and non-SCI wheelchair basketball players in their physiological response and acceleration capacity during SSG tasks.
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Puce L, Trabelsi K, Trompetto C, Mori L, Marinelli L, Currà A, Faelli E, Ferrando V, Okwen P, Kong JD, Ammar A, Bragazzi NL. A Bibliometrics-Enhanced, PAGER-Compliant Scoping Review of the Literature on Paralympic Powerlifting: Insights for Practices and Future Research. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:2319. [PMID: 36421643 PMCID: PMC9690829 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10112319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Paralympic powerlifting (PP), formerly known as "International Paralympic Committee" (IPC) powerlifting, is the format of powerlifting adapted for athletes with disabilities, and it differs from the version for able-bodied athletes in that it consists of bench press only. According to the mandate of the IPC, PP athletes should be enabled to achieve sporting excellence. As such, rigorous evidence is needed. However, to the best of our knowledge, there exists no systematic assessment of the body of scholarly evidence in the field of PP. Therefore, the present study was conducted to fill in this gap of knowledge, by conducting a scoping review of the literature enhanced by a bibliometrics analysis and by mining two major scholarly databases (MEDLINE via PubMed and Scopus). The aim was to provide a review/summary of the findings to date to help practitioners and athletes. Thirty-seven studies were retained in the present study. These covered the following thematic areas: (i) warm-up strategies (n = 2); (ii) aspects of training (n = 2); (iii) physiological aspects and responses (n = 2); (iv) psychological aspects and responses (n = 2); (v) biomechanics of bench press (n = 8); (vi) recovery strategy (n = 5); (vii) impact of the disability and type of disability (n = 4); (viii) epidemiology of PP (n = 6); and (ix) new analytical/statistical approaches for kinematics assessments, internal load monitoring, and predictions of mechanical outputs in strength exercises and in PP (n = 6). Bibliometrics analysis of the PP-related scientific output revealed that, despite having already become a paralympic sports discipline in 1984, only in the last few years, PP has been attracting a lot of interest from the community of researchers, with the first scholarly contribution dating back to 2012, and with more than one-third of the scientific output being published this year (2022). As such, this scholarly discipline is quite recent and young. Moreover, the community dealing with this topic is poorly interconnected, with most authors contributing to just one article, and with one single author being a hub node of the author network. Distributions of the number of articles and the authors/co-authors were found to be highly asymmetrical, indicating that this research is still in its infancy and has great room as well as great potential to grow. Reflecting this, many research topics are also overlooked and underdeveloped, with the currently available evidence being based on a few studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Puce
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Khaled Trabelsi
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, EM2S, LR19JS01, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Carlo Trompetto
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Laura Mori
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Lucio Marinelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Antonio Currà
- Academic Neurology Unit, A. Fiorini Hospital, 04019 Terracina, Italy
| | - Emanuela Faelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), Section of Human Physiology, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Centro Polifunzionale di Scienze Motorie, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Vittoria Ferrando
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), Section of Human Physiology, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Centro Polifunzionale di Scienze Motorie, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Patrick Okwen
- Effective Basic Services (eBASE), Bamenda 5175, Cameroon
| | - Jude Dzevela Kong
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Achraf Ammar
- Academic Institute of Sport Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
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Fluid Balance and Thermoregulatory Responses during Wheelchair Basketball Games in Hot vs. Temperate Conditions. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142930. [PMID: 35889887 PMCID: PMC9319276 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The impaired vaso- and sudomotor functions limit sweat capacity in individuals with a spinal cord injury (SCI) and might increase the risk for heat-related illness and decreased performance, especially in hot conditions (HOT). This study investigated the differences in fluid balance and thermal responses between wheelchair basketball (WCB) games in HOT and temperate conditions (TMP). Eleven male WCB athletes (39.8 y, 82.8 kg) with SCI (lesion level C5-L4) participated, five in HOT (31 °C) and eight in TMP games (21 °C). Fluid balance, sweat rate, body core temperature, distance, velocity and thermal sensation were assessed. The relative change in body mass was higher in the HOT group (median: −0.35%, interquartile-range: 0.15%, p = 0.02) compared to TMP (+0.11%, 0.35%) group. The sweat rate was significantly higher in the HOT group (0.93 L/h, 0.58 L/h, p = 0.02) compared to the TMP groups (0.48 L/h, 0.19 L/h). Body core temperature increased significantly higher in the TMP group (1.05 °C, 0.15 °C, p = 0.01) compared to the HOT group (0.8 °C, 0.4 °C). The mean velocity (HOT: 1.12 m/s, 0.11 m/s, TMP: 1.07 m/s, 0.08 m/s, p = 0.54) did not differ between the games. The WCB game in HOT leads to significantly higher sweat rate and loss in body mass compared to TMP. Even relative body mass loss was less than 2%. Athletes thus have to be supported with enough fluid, especially during games in HOT.
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Skin temperature measurement in individuals with spinal cord injury during and after exercise: Systematic review. J Therm Biol 2021; 105:103146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lee AH, Ramirez AL, Krassioukov AV, Walter M. Long-term neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction: A case of cardiovascular nightmares. J Spinal Cord Med 2021; 44:806-810. [PMID: 31140958 PMCID: PMC8477941 DOI: 10.1080/10790268.2019.1617919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) suffering from autonomic dysreflexia (AD) due to neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) can effectively be treated with intradetrusor onabotulinumtoxinA. We present a complex case to highlight the treatment's potential limitations to ameliorate AD and improve lower urinary tract (LUT) function in this population. FINDINGS A 46-year old man, who was relying on an indwelling urethral catheter for bladder emptying due to severely impaired hand function following a SCI (C5, AIS B) sustained 30 years ago, underwent intradetrusor onabotulinumtoxinA injections for treatment of refractory NDO and associated AD. Although LUT function slightly improved (i.e. cystometric capacity increased while detrusor pressure was reduced), severe bladder-related AD persisted post-treatment. CONCLUSIONS This case raises awareness of serious considerations when treating NDO-related AD in individuals with longstanding neurogenic LUT dysfunction and compromised dexterity following SCI. Given the limited improvement in LUT function and persisting bladder-related AD following treatment, urinary diversion as advocated in the wider literature should be considered to protect an individual's urinary tract from further deterioration and thus eliminate bladder-related AD consequences long-term. Early treatment and management of NDO and AD is crucial to minimize complications associated with these two major health risks in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda H.X. Lee
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andrea L. Ramirez
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andrei V. Krassioukov
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,G.F. Strong Rehabilitation Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,Correspondence to: Andrei V. Krassioukov, ICORD-BSCC, 818 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V5Z 1M9; Ph: + (604) 675-8819. E-mail:
| | - Matthias Walter
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Zhang Y, Bishop PA. Risks of Heat Illness in Athletes With Spinal Cord Injury: Current Evidence and Needs. Front Sports Act Living 2020; 1:68. [PMID: 33344991 PMCID: PMC7739687 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2019.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Phillip A Bishop
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States
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Effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training With Progressive Loading on Respiratory Muscle Function and Sports Performance in High-Performance Wheelchair Basketball Athletes: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2019; 15:238-242. [PMID: 31172823 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2018-0979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of inspiratory muscle training associated with interval training on respiratory muscle strength and fatigue and aerobic physical performance (PP) in high-performance wheelchair basketball athletes. METHODS Blinded, randomized clinical trial with 17 male wheelchair basketball players, randomized into control group (CG; n = 8) and training group (TG; n = 9). Respiratory muscle strength was evaluated by measuring maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures (MIP and MEP), aerobic PP by the Yo-Yo test for wheelchair, and recovery of inspiratory muscle fatigue was assessed at 1, 5, 10, and 15 minutes after exercise test. TG performed inspiratory muscle training protocol with incremental loading for 12 weeks with 50%, 60%, and 70% of MIP, while CG performed with load 15% of MIP. RESULTS After training period, CG presented a significant increase in MIP and MEP (P ≤ .05), with no change in aerobic PP (P ≥ .05). TG showed a significant increase for all variables (≤.05). MIP showed a large effect size for CG (1.00) and TG (1.35), while MEP showed a moderate effect for CG (0.61) and TG (0.73); distance covered had a moderate effect size for TG (0.70). For recovery of inspiratory muscle strength, CG did not present differences, while TG recovered in 10 minutes (≤.05), representing 87% of the pretest value. Positive and significant correlation between MIP and distance (.54; P ≤ .05) was observed. CONCLUSION Inspiratory muscle training protocol with progressive loading was more effective for increasing aerobic PP and maximal inspiratory strength recovery.
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Horiuchi M, Fukuoka Y. Absence of cardiovascular drift during prolonged arm-crank exercise in individuals with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 2019; 57:942-952. [DOI: 10.1038/s41393-019-0301-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Nightingale TE, Walter M, Williams AMM, Lam T, Krassioukov AV. Ergogenic effects of an epidural neuroprosthesis in one individual with spinal cord injury. Neurology 2019; 92:338-340. [PMID: 30635485 PMCID: PMC6382359 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000006923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tom E Nightingale
- From the University of British Columbia (T.E.N., M.W., A.M.M.W., T.L., A.V.K.); and G.F. Strong Rehabilitation Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health (A.V.K.), Vancouver, Canada
| | - Matthias Walter
- From the University of British Columbia (T.E.N., M.W., A.M.M.W., T.L., A.V.K.); and G.F. Strong Rehabilitation Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health (A.V.K.), Vancouver, Canada
| | - Alison M M Williams
- From the University of British Columbia (T.E.N., M.W., A.M.M.W., T.L., A.V.K.); and G.F. Strong Rehabilitation Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health (A.V.K.), Vancouver, Canada
| | - Tania Lam
- From the University of British Columbia (T.E.N., M.W., A.M.M.W., T.L., A.V.K.); and G.F. Strong Rehabilitation Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health (A.V.K.), Vancouver, Canada
| | - Andrei V Krassioukov
- From the University of British Columbia (T.E.N., M.W., A.M.M.W., T.L., A.V.K.); and G.F. Strong Rehabilitation Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health (A.V.K.), Vancouver, Canada.
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Dutton RA. Medical and Musculoskeletal Concerns for the Wheelchair Athlete: A Review of Preventative Strategies. Curr Sports Med Rep 2019; 18:9-16. [PMID: 30624329 DOI: 10.1249/jsr.0000000000000560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive sports refers to organized sporting activities that are practiced by individuals with disabilities and are worthwhile to maintain physical and psychological health. As adaptive sports participation continues to rise, health care providers must have an enhanced understanding of injury and illness patterns specific to the adaptive athlete. Early recognition and prevention are important to ensure safe and successful participation in sport. The present review aims to provide a framework for diagnosis and prevention of common conditions specific to the wheelchair athlete. In particular, autonomic dysreflexia, impaired thermoregulation, urinary tract infection, and pressure injuries, as well as shoulder pain, upper-extremity entrapment neuropathies, and osteoporotic fractures will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Dutton
- University of New Mexico, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation
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