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Le MQT, Felix ER, Irwin R, Cardenas DD, Cowan RE. Longitudinal Median Nerve Ultrasound Changes in Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury and an Age- and Sex-Matched Nondisabled Cohort. Arch Rehabil Res Clin Transl 2022; 4:100238. [PMID: 36545523 PMCID: PMC9761256 DOI: 10.1016/j.arrct.2022.100238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To assess the natural history for development of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) in persons with acute spinal cord injury (SCI) at 1 year postdischarge from initial rehabilitation and to assess baseline median nerve (MN) cross-sectional area (CSA) above/below 10 mm2 correlates with any longitudinal changes in quantitative ultrasound (US) of the MN. Design A prospective cohort study of persons with acute SCI evaluated for CTS using quantitative US and compared to a group without SCI (non-SCI). Setting Academic medical center. Participants N=69 total (N=34 SCI, N=35 non-SCI). The average age in both groups was 28 and the SCI group included 30 males and 2 females and the non-SCI group included 30 males and 3 females. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures The primary outcome was the change in quantitative US parameters of the MN, including CSA and grayscale, from baseline to 1-year follow-up in those with SCI and those without SCI. CTS symptomatology and physical exam sum score and US measures for dominant and nondominant arms were considered secondary outcomes. Results The SCI had darker nerves at baseline (P=.036, nondominant), greater CTS symptoms at follow-up (P≤.036, bilateral), and no differences in all change scores (all P≥.056). Individuals with smaller nerves at baseline had larger increases in nerve size (P=.029, nondominant) vs those with larger nerves. Change in CTS symptoms CSA (nondominant) and nerve echogenicity (dominant) were inversely associated with their respective baseline values (all P≤.045). Conclusions We observed few differences between the SCI group and the non-SCI control group and between those with smaller vs larger MN. In general, MN pathology changes (CTS symptoms and US variables) over 1 year were more common in the nondominant arm and appear to be a function of MN pathology at enrollment. Individuals with SCI may experience increased CTS symptoms as soon as 1 year after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Quan T. Le
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Elizabeth R. Felix
- South Florida SCI Model System, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Miami Veterans Administration Medical Center, Miami, FL
| | - Robert Irwin
- South Florida SCI Model System, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Diana D. Cardenas
- South Florida SCI Model System, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Rachel E. Cowan
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
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Bossuyt FM, Mason BS, Briley S, O'Brien TJ, Boninger ML, Arnet U, Goosey-Tolfrey VL. Shoulder Tendon Adaptations Following a Graded Exercise Test to Exhaustion in Highly Trained Wheelchair Rugby Athletes With Different Impairments. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2022; 2:755466. [PMID: 36188798 PMCID: PMC9397820 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2021.755466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to identify acute changes in biceps and supraspinatus tendon characteristics before and after a graded exercise test to exhaustion (GXT) in highly trained wheelchair rugby (WR) athletes. A secondary aspect was to define chronic tendon adaptations related to the impairment of the athlete and the occupation of the tendon within the subacromial space (occupation ratio). Methods Twelve WR athletes with different impairments (age = 32 ± 6 years; body mass = 67.2 ± 11.2 kg; 9.0 ± 3.6 years competing) volunteered for this study. Performance Corrected Wheelchair Users Shoulder Pain Index was used to quantify shoulder pain. Quantitative Ultrasound Protocols (QUS) were used to define supraspinatus and biceps tendon thickness, echogenicity, and echogenicity ratio of both dominant and non-dominant shoulder before and after the GXT including 22 ± 3.1 min submaximal propulsion and 10.2 ± 1.7 min maximal propulsion on a treadmill. Furthermore, the acromio-humeral distance (AHD) defined from ultrasound (US) images was used to calculate the occupation ratios. Results A mixed-effect multilevel analysis that included shoulder as grouping variable, demonstrated a significant reduction in the echogenicity of the biceps following GXT whilst controlling for impairment [spinal cord injury (SCI) and non-SCI] and the occupation ratio (β = −9.01, SEβ = 2.72, p = 0.001, 95% CI = [−14.34; −3.68]). This points toward fluid inflow into the tendon that may be related to overload and acute inflammation. In addition, persons with a SCI (n = 8) had a thicker supraspinatus tendon in comparison to persons with non-SCI (n = 3) which may be related to chronic tendon adaptations (β = −0.53 mm, SEβ = 0.26, p = 0.038, 95% CI = [−1.04; −0.03]). Finally, a greater occupation ratio was associated with signs of tendinopathy (i.e., greater biceps and supraspinatus tendon thickness, and lower supraspinatus echogenicity and echogenicity ratio). Conclusion Acute biceps tendon adaptations in response to the GXT in highly trained WR athletes were evident with chronic adaptations in the supraspinatus tendon being related to the impairment of the athlete. Ultrasound can be used to monitor tendon adaptations in WR athletes for medical diagnosis to assist the scheduling and type of training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fransiska Marie Bossuyt
- Shoulder, Health and Mobility Group, Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Fransiska Marie Bossuyt
| | - Barry S. Mason
- Peter Harrison Centre for Disability Sport, School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Briley
- Peter Harrison Centre for Disability Sport, School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas J. O'Brien
- Peter Harrison Centre for Disability Sport, School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Michael L. Boninger
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Ursina Arnet
- Shoulder, Health and Mobility Group, Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland
| | - Victoria Louise Goosey-Tolfrey
- Peter Harrison Centre for Disability Sport, School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
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Increased Risk of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in People With Spinal Cord Injury: A Nationwide Longitudinal Follow-Up Study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2021; 103:282-288. [PMID: 34425090 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2021.07.804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the long-term risk of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) in people with spinal cord injury (SCI). DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Taiwan's Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2005, containing data about 1 million people randomly sampled from among those registered in the National Health Insurance Program as of 2005. PARTICIPANTS The SCI group consisted of 1681 subjects with SCI, and the comparison group comprised 6724 propensity score-matched subjects without SCI (N=8405). The variables included in propensity-score matching were age, sex, comorbid conditions, and socioeconomic status. INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The occurrence of newly diagnosed CTS, defined by at least 1 hospital discharge or 2 outpatient visits with a diagnosis of CTS. RESULTS The incidence density of CTS in the SCI group was 7.55 per 1000 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.03-9.33), and in the comparison group, 4.61 per 1000 person-years (95% CI, 4.08-5.19). The hazard ratio (HR) of CTS for the SCI group was therefore 1.59 (95% CI, 1.24-2.03). Additionally, the HR of CTS for the cervical-SCI subgroup, 1.90 (95% CI, 1.21-2.97) was considerably higher than that of its noncervical counterpart, 1.47 (95% CI, 1.09-1.98). CONCLUSIONS People with both cervical and noncervical SCI have an increased risk of developing CTS, as compared with those without SCI. Moreover, the CTS risk appears to be higher for individuals with cervical SCI than their noncervical SCI counterparts.
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Thomas M, Hinton A, Heywood A, Shirley R, Chan JKK. Peripheral nerve decompression in the upper limb in spinal cord injury: experiences at the National Spinal Injuries Centre, UK. Spinal Cord Ser Cases 2021; 7:56. [PMID: 34234101 DOI: 10.1038/s41394-021-00423-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study of consecutive upper limb peripheral nerve decompressions in SCI patients. All procedures were performed at a single National Spinal Injuries Centre between 2015 and 2019. OBJECTIVES Entrapment neuropathies in the upper limb are underdiagnosed and undertreated in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). This cohort study represents the first published outcomes of upper limb peripheral nerve decompression in patients with SCI. SETTING National Spinal Injuries Centre, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Buckinghamshire, UK. METHODS Data collected from electronic medical records included patient demographics, procedures performed, length of inpatient stay, nerve conduction studies, and patient satisfaction. Patients were also contacted by telephone to complete a questionnaire that included patient satisfaction, the NHS 'Friends & Family Test' and validated patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). RESULTS Thirty-four decompression procedures (24 carpal tunnel, 10 cubital tunnel) were performed in 24 patients (14 with paraplegia, 10 tetraplegia). 71% of patients had pre-operative nerve conduction studies: 71% of these were graded as severe. Mean length of stay was 14 nights. 91% of patients were satisfied with their procedure at clinic follow-up. Mean Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ) symptom scores were reduced from 3.7 to 1.3 pre- vs. post-operatively (p < 0.001). Patient Reported Ulnar Nerve Evaluation (PRUNE) scores reduced from 49.4 to 23.0 (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION In our experience, SCI patients tend to present with severe upper limb nerve entrapment syndromes. Operative management is well tolerated with low risk of complications and can result in marked improvements in symptoms and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Thomas
- National Spinal Injuries Centre, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Buckinghamshire Healthcare Trust, Aylesbury, UK.
| | - Alex Hinton
- National Spinal Injuries Centre, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Buckinghamshire Healthcare Trust, Aylesbury, UK
| | - Anthony Heywood
- National Spinal Injuries Centre, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Buckinghamshire Healthcare Trust, Aylesbury, UK
| | - Rebecca Shirley
- National Spinal Injuries Centre, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Buckinghamshire Healthcare Trust, Aylesbury, UK
| | - James K K Chan
- National Spinal Injuries Centre, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Buckinghamshire Healthcare Trust, Aylesbury, UK
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Rigot SK, DiGiovine KM, Boninger ML, Hibbs R, Smith I, Worobey LA. Effectiveness of a Web-Based Direct-to-User Transfer Training Program: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2021; 103:807-815.e1. [PMID: 34090854 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effectiveness of a web-based, direct-to-user transfer training program in improving transfer quality and maintaining improvements for up to 1 month after training as compared with a control group. DESIGN Randomized controlled trial with participants randomized to an immediate intervention group (IIG) or waitlist control group (WLCG) that received the training after a 6-month delay. SETTING Wherever the participants accessed the web-based training, likely the home environment. PARTICIPANTS Convenience sample of full-time wheelchair users (N=72; IIG, n=34; WLCG, n=38 for between-group analysis, n=48 for combined within-group analysis) with spinal cord injury or disorder who were able to independently perform a lateral scoot transfer. INTERVENTIONS Self-paced, web-based transfer training module. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Transfer Assessment Instrument Questionnaire (TAI-Q) score at baseline, 1 month, and 6 months postbaseline (WLCG only), immediately posttraining, and 1 month posttraining. The TAI-Q is an 18-item self-assessment that covers several aspects of a quality transfer. RESULTS The IIG significantly increased particpants' baseline TAI-Q score from 6.91±0.98 to 7.79±1.12 (P<.001) by 1 month posttraining. The WLCG also increased from baseline to the 1-month postbaseline assessment (from 6.52±1.13 to 7.00±1.09; P=.014), potentially from learning effects secondary to self-assessment with the TAI-Q. The extent of change over time did not differ significantly between the IIG and WLCG from baseline to 1 month (P=.169). However, significant improvements in TAI-Q scores were still evident after the training for the WLCG (P<.001). Those with a lower pretraining TAI-Q score and more shoulder pain were most likely to benefit from the training. CONCLUSIONS Repeated TAI-Q self-assessments likely contributed to improved transfer quality, with web-based training having an additive effect. Wheelchair users are likely to benefit from transfer training and self-assessment of transfer quality in their home environments. This has the potential to decrease injury risk while avoiding barriers to in-person training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie K Rigot
- Rehab Neural Engineering Labs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Human Engineering Research Laboratories, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Kaitlin M DiGiovine
- Rehab Neural Engineering Labs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Michael L Boninger
- Rehab Neural Engineering Labs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Human Engineering Research Laboratories, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Rehabilitation Science and Technology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Rachel Hibbs
- Department of Rehabilitation Science and Technology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ian Smith
- Rehab Neural Engineering Labs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Lynn A Worobey
- Rehab Neural Engineering Labs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Human Engineering Research Laboratories, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Physical Therapy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
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Worobey LA, Hibbs R, Rigot SK, Boninger ML, Huzinec R, Sung JH, Rice LA. Intra- and Interrater Reliability of Remote Assessment of Transfers by Wheelchair Users Using the Transfer Assessment Instrument (Version 4.0). Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2021; 103:816-821. [PMID: 33711281 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2020.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the reliability, standard error of measurement, minimum detectable change, and item-level consistency of the Transfer Assessment Instrument (TAI) version 4.0 when used to evaluate transfer quality remotely. DESIGN Participants transferred from their wheelchair to a mat table (transfer 1), repeated this after a 10-minute delay to assess intrarater reliability (transfer 2), and repeated this 1-2 days later to assess test-retest reliability (transfer 3). Each transfer was scored in person by 4 raters and asynchronously by a remote clinician rater. SETTING 2017 National Veterans Wheelchair Games. PARTICIPANTS Convenience sample of 44 full-time wheelchair users (N=44). INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES TAI total score, subscores (wheelchair setup, body setup, flight/landing), and item scores (15 items). RESULTS Moderate to excellent reliability was found when scoring remotely for TAI total and subscores for intrarater (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC(3,1)=0.687-0.854), test-retest (ICC(3,1)=0.695-0.836), and interrater reliability (ICC(3,5)=0.746-0.962). Remote rater total score and flight/landing subscore were greater (indicating higher transfer quality) compared to the average in-person raters (P=.021 and P=.005, respectively). There were no differences between transfers 1-3 in remote rater scores. Item-level percentage agreement between the remote rater and in-person exceeded the 75% cutoff for clinical utility for all items. CONCLUSIONS The TAI is a reliable outcome measure for assessing transfer technique remotely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn A Worobey
- Human Engineering Research Laboratories, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA; Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation; Bioengineering; Physical Therapy; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Centers for Rehab Services, Pittsburgh, PA.
| | - Rachel Hibbs
- Rehabilitation Science and Technology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Centers for Rehab Services, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Stephanie K Rigot
- Human Engineering Research Laboratories, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA; Bioengineering; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Centers for Rehab Services, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Michael L Boninger
- Human Engineering Research Laboratories, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA; Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation; Bioengineering; Physical Therapy
| | - Randall Huzinec
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Centers for Rehab Services, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jong H Sung
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL
| | - Laura A Rice
- Department of Human Performance and Sport Studies, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID
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Fong SW, Liu BWF, Sin CL, Lee KS, Wong TM, Choi KS, Yang YP, Lin YY, Chien Y, Tarng YW, Chen CF, Lin LT. A systematic review of the methodology of sonographic assessment of upper limb activities-associated carpal tunnel syndrome. J Chin Med Assoc 2021; 84:212-220. [PMID: 32858552 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various upper limb activities were speculated to be associated with the development of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Nonetheless, there are currently no standardization on the uses of parameters in CTS assessments, nor are there any conclusive findings regarding the usefulness of various sonographic measurements in studies of different upper limb activities. In this review, we intend to evaluate the methodology of assessing CTS induced by upper limb activities with ultrasonographic technique and provide corresponding suggestions. METHODS Clinical studies on the association between upper limb activities and prevalence of CTS using ultrasonography were recruited in a database research on the basis of a procedural selection criteria and reviewed. The following qualitative items were extracted: characteristics of studies, scanning methods, selection of sonographic parameters, and related article findings. RESULTS Eleven studies were qualified for this review. Three studies were computer keyboard typing related, five studies were electronic device related, and three studies were wheelchair-related. All sampled articles included cross-sectional area (CSA) at the pisiform level. The swelling ratio (SR) and flattening ratio (FR) at the hamate level are also used in most studies in addition to the CSA at the pisiform level. The effectiveness of such parameters is subjected to various confounding factors such as age, weight, body mass index, and wrist anthropometrics, suggesting CSA and SR with sufficient levels had significant values as sonographic parameters. Values of parameters were found affecting symptomatic signs and hand dominance. CONCLUSION Ultrasound scan is a suitable tool to assess the relationship between upper limb activity and CTS. CSA at the pisiform level and SR and the FR at the hamate levels are generally suitable in upper limb-associated CTS investigations. Specific study designs are required to eliminate different confounding factors accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Wah Fong
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bosco Wang Fung Liu
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chun Lok Sin
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - King Sang Lee
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tsun Ming Wong
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ka Sin Choi
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yi-Ping Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Ying Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yueh Chien
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yih-Wen Tarng
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Orthopaedics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Fong Chen
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Orthopedics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Liang-Ting Lin
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Betancourt L, Cowan RE, Chang A, Irwin R. Case-Control Study of Ultrasound Evaluation of Acute Median Nerve Response to Upper Extremity Circuit Training in Spinal Cord Injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2020; 101:1898-1905. [PMID: 32450062 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2020.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) often present signs and symptoms of median nerve (MN) pathology. Preclinical signs identification of MN pathology might facilitate early intervention to prevent or delay carpal tunnel syndrome in SCI. We assessed if ultrasound parameters changed in response to upper extremity (UE) circuit training exercise in individuals with paraplegia and able-bodied individuals. DESIGN Case-control study. PARTICIPANTS Adults (N=32) with paraplegia (n=16) and age- and sex-matched able-bodied controls (n=16). INTERVENTION Circuit training exercise. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES MN ultrasound evaluation at the pisiform and radius before and after UE exercise. Ultrasound parameters included cross-sectional area (CSA), and gray scale (GS). Data presented as mean ± SD. RESULTS Pre-exercise CSAs were larger in SCI at the radius (12.0±2.9 vs 9.0±2.1; P=.003), but not the pisiform (9.8±3.1 vs 9.1±1.7; P=.431). There were no statistical differences in MN response to exercise between groups (all P≥.293). Across participants, CSA changes were inversely associated with their pre-exercise values at the pisiform (r=-0.648; P<.001) and the radius (r=-0.366; P=.043). Participants with pre-exercise CSA values ≥10.00 mm2 at the pisiform responded to exercise with decreases in CSA (mean change ± SD, -2.0±1.5; P=.002) and GS (-2.8±6.2; P=.029). Participants with pre-exercise CSA ≤9.99 mm2 at the pisiform responded to exercise with no change in CSA (mean change ± SD, 0.7±2.5; P=.002) and increased GS (3.2±7.2; P=.029). CONCLUSIONS CSA exercise response was more strongly related to pre-exercise MN values than presence or absence of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Betancourt
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Lois Pope Life Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
| | - Rachel E Cowan
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Lois Pope Life Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Andrew Chang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Robert Irwin
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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Shenoy A, Shukla A, Gaur A, Mhambre A. A cross-sectional study to evaluate the manual wheelchair-related factors associated with median nerve compression by ultrasonography. JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDICS AND SPINE 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/joasp.joasp_33_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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10
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Koontz AM, Bass S, Kulich H, Cooper RA. Effects of grab bars and backrests on independent wheelchair transfer performance and technique. PHYSIOTHERAPY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 24:e1758. [PMID: 30411831 DOI: 10.1002/pri.1758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE For individuals who rely on wheeled mobility devices for primary mobility, the ability to transfer independently greatly enhances participation in activities within and outside of the home. Nonlevel transfers are challenging and inevitable as not all surfaces in all settings can be made level with an individual's seat to floor height. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of two transfer aids, grab bars, and backrests, on the performance and quality of nonlevel transfers. METHODS This study employed a repeated-measures design with transfer setup as the independent variable. Sixty-eight (53 men and 15 women) wheeled mobility device users performed level and nonlevel transfers to a bare surface, a surface with grab bars present, a surface with grab bars, and a backrest present. For each condition, participants were asked to transfer as high and as low as they could go while still performing an independent and safe transfer. The transfer assessment instrument was used to evaluate the quality of their transfer technique. RESULTS Participants were able to transfer an absolute height up to 2.5 cm (1″) higher and lower when grab bars or grab bars and a backrest were present on the surface (p < 0.042) and 2.3 cm (~1″) higher relative to their wheelchair level seat high when grab bars were present on the surface (p < .001). Transfer technique significantly improved for both uphill and downhill transfers with the presence of grab bars and a backrest as shown by the transfer assessment instrument scores (p < 0.046). CONCLUSIONS The presence of grab bars and a backrest on transfer surfaces may help mobility device users to achieve higher and lower absolute transfer heights and facilitate better transfer technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M Koontz
- Human Engineering Research Laboratories, Rehabilitation Research and Development Service, Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Pittsburgh HealthCare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Rehabilitation Science and Technology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sarah Bass
- Human Engineering Research Laboratories, Rehabilitation Research and Development Service, Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Pittsburgh HealthCare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Rehabilitation Science and Technology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Hailee Kulich
- Human Engineering Research Laboratories, Rehabilitation Research and Development Service, Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Pittsburgh HealthCare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Rehabilitation Science and Technology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Rory A Cooper
- Human Engineering Research Laboratories, Rehabilitation Research and Development Service, Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Pittsburgh HealthCare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Rehabilitation Science and Technology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Worobey LA, Zigler CK, Huzinec R, Rigot SK, Sung J, Rice LA. Reliability and Validity of the Revised Transfer Assessment Instrument. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil 2018; 24:217-226. [PMID: 29997425 DOI: 10.1310/sci2403-217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background: Proper transfer technique is associated with improved biomechanics and decreased pain and pathology. However, many users do not use proper technique, and appropriate assessment and training are needed to address these deficits. The transfer assessment instrument (TAI) 4.0 was designed to meet those needs and improve on past versions by removing the need for clinician training, shortening administration time, and simplifying question content. Objectives: Evaluate the psychometric properties of the TAI 4.0. Methods: A convenience sample of full-time wheelchair users was scored on multiple transfers by four raters to assess interrater, intrarater, and test-retest reliability and concurrent validity of the TAI 4.0. Each user also was scored using a visual analog scale (VAS). Results: For 44 participants, the mean TAI 4.0 and VAS across all transfers were 7.58 ± 1.12 and 7.44 ± 1.78, respectively, and scores were significantly correlated (r = 0.52-0.7). VAS scores were more strongly influenced by the flight/landing and body setup phases of the transfer. There were no significant associations between TAI 4.0 score and demographics. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) ranged from 0.80 to 0.85 for interrater reliability, 0.60 to 0.76 for intrarater reliability, and 0.55 to 0.76 for test-retest reliability. The minimum detectable change (MDC) for the total score ranged from 1.02 to 1.30. Conclusion: The TAI 4.0 provides reliable and valid quantitative assessment of an individual's transfer without the need for comprehensive training, as is the case with the TAI 3.0. The tool can be completed in 3 minutes (average) in a clinical setting with only a ruler and goniometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn A Worobey
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Centers for Rehab Services, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Physical Therapy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Christina K Zigler
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Randall Huzinec
- Centers for Rehab Services, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephanie K Rigot
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Physical Therapy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - JongHun Sung
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois
| | - Laura A Rice
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois
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Barbareschi G, Cheng TJ, Holloway C. Effect of technique and transfer board use on the performance of wheelchair transfers. Healthc Technol Lett 2018; 5:76-80. [PMID: 29750117 PMCID: PMC5933366 DOI: 10.1049/htl.2017.0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Transferring to and from the wheelchair seat is a necessary skill for many wheelchair users who wish to be independent of their everyday life. The performance of wheelchair transfers has been associated with the risk of falling and developing upper limb injuries. Both present a risk to the independence of the individual. Previous studies on wheelchair transfers have focused mainly on the analysis of sitting transfers performed by individuals with spinal cord injury, which only represent a small portion of the wider wheelchair users’ population. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of different transferring techniques (sitting, standing) and transfer board use on the ground reaction forces under the hands during transfer performance and transfer quality measured using the transfer assessment instrument (TAI). Sitting transfers displayed generally higher peak and mean reaction forces underneath both leading and trailing hands compared with the other techniques, but the difference was only significant between sitting and standing transfers. Standing transfers had significantly lower TAI scores compared with sitting transfer, potentially indicating a decreased level of safety associated with their performance. Transfer boards were only partially effective in reducing the weight born by the upper limbs and they caused only a minor reduction in the overall TAI score in comparison to sitting transfers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Barbareschi
- University College London Interaction Centre, University College London, London WC1E 6EA, UK
| | - Tsu-Jui Cheng
- Centre for Health Sciences Research, University of Salford, Salford M6 6PU, UK
| | - Catherine Holloway
- University College London Interaction Centre, University College London, London WC1E 6EA, UK
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Ultrasound-Guided Steroid Injection of the Pisotriquetral Joint: A Multidisciplinary Effort. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2017; 96:904-907. [PMID: 28582272 DOI: 10.1097/phm.0000000000000773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
From the perspective of a multidisciplinary team, the authors describe the first reported use of ultrasound guidance for steroid injection into the pisotriquetral joint to relieve wrist pain of a person with spinal cord injury undergoing acute inpatient rehabilitation. Musculoskeletal ultrasound guidance was used to improve the accuracy of a corticosteroid injection of the pisotriquetral joint and the basal thumb in a 70-year-old man with paraplegia experiencing multifocal degenerative wrist pain. There was no bleeding or bruising after the injections, and the patient reported complete pain resolution 1 wk after the injections, which continued for over 1 yr. A multidisciplinary team was key in diagnosis, selection of treatment, and evaluation of treatment effect. Corticosteroid injection of the pisotriquetral joint under ultrasound guidance can be used as a treatment modality for managing wrist pain stemming from that joint. Further investigation and studies evaluating the use of ultrasound versus other imaging modalities for injection of the wrist are indicated.
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