[Bronchoscopic treatment of bronchopleural fistula]

Postpneumonectomy empyema: risk factors, prevention, diagnosis, and management

Postpneumonectomy empyema is a collection of pus in the pleural space after removal of the underlying lung. Postpneumonectomy empyema is a serious complication responsible for high rates of morbidity and mortality. Several risk factors for the development of postpneumonectomy empyema have been highlighted in the literature. The association of postpneumonectomy empyema with a bronchopleural fistula increases the rate of mortality by flooding the remaining lung. The management of postpneumonectomy empyema depends on the timing of presentation and the presence or absence of a bronchopleural fistula. The goals of care in the acute period are mainly preservation of the contralateral lung and sterilization of the pleural space, which may take a considerable time. The aims in the late period are closure of the bronchopleural fistula, obliteration of the pleural space, and closure of the chest wall.