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Gao S, Dong Y, Yan C, Yu T, Cao H. The role of exosomes and exosomal microRNA in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1327495. [PMID: 38283742 PMCID: PMC10811149 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1327495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy, a formidable cardiovascular complication linked to diabetes, is witnessing a relentless surge in its incidence. Despite extensive research efforts, the primary pathogenic mechanisms underlying this condition remain elusive. Consequently, a critical research imperative lies in identifying a sensitive and dependable marker for early diagnosis and treatment, thereby mitigating the onset and progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Exosomes (EXOs), minute vesicles enclosed within bilayer lipid membranes, have emerged as a fascinating frontier in this quest, capable of transporting a diverse cargo that mirrors the physiological and pathological states of their parent cells. These exosomes play an active role in the intercellular communication network of the cardiovascular system. Within the realm of exosomes, MicroRNA (miRNA) stands as a pivotal molecular player, revealing its profound influence on the progression of DCM. This comprehensive review aims to offer an introductory exploration of exosome structure and function, followed by a detailed examination of the intricate role played by exosome-associated miRNA in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Our ultimate objective is to bolster our comprehension of DCM diagnosis and treatment strategies, thereby facilitating timely intervention and improved outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hongbo Cao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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2
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Wu L, Huang G, Hong H, Xu X, Lu X, Li J. MiR-452-5p facilitates retinoblastoma cell growth and invasion via the SOCS3/JAK2/STAT3 pathway. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23501. [PMID: 37632310 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (RB) is an intraocular tumor in children. Accumulated evidence confirms that microRNAs (miRNAs) exert critical functions in RB. This research aimed to investigate the miR-452-5p function in RB. MiR-452-5p expressions in RB were tested with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). MiR-452-5p functions in RB were evaluated via Cell Counting Kit-8, 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine assay, flow cytometry, Western blot, and Transwell. MiR-452-5p mechanism in RB was assessed using bioinformatics software Starbase and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. Meanwhile, miR-452-5p function in RB in vivo was examined by constructing tumor xenografts in nude mice, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot assays. MiR-452-5p was overexpressed in RB tissues and cells, and miR-452-5p expression was positively correlated with RB clinicopathology including the Largest tumor base (mm) and Differentiation. Functionally, miR-452-5p knockdown restrained RB cell proliferation, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and facilitated cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS3) knockdown restored the inhibitory effects of miR-452-5p knockdown on RB cells. Meanwhile, in vivo studies further corroborated that miR-452-5p knockdown reduced RB tumor growth, EMT, and accelerated apoptosis in vivo. Also, miR-452-5p knockdown increased SOCS3 protein levels, and decreased phosphorylated Janus kinase 2/Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in vivo. MiR-452-5p accelerated RB cell growth and invasion by SOCS3/JAK2/STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiwei Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Huizhou Central People's Hospital, Huizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Meizhou people's Hospital, Meizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifeng Hong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Huizhou Central People's Hospital, Huizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangzhou Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Huizhou first Hospital, Huizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohe Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Huizhou Central People's Hospital, Huizhou, People's Republic of China
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3
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Fang YM, Chen WC, Zheng WJ, Yang YS, Zhang Y, Chen XL, Pei MQ, Lin S, He HF. A cutting-edge strategy for spinal cord injury treatment: resident cellular transdifferentiation. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1237641. [PMID: 37711511 PMCID: PMC10498389 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1237641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury causes varying degrees of motor and sensory function loss. However, there are no effective treatments for spinal cord repair following an injury. Moreover, significant preclinical advances in bioengineering and regenerative medicine have not yet been translated into effective clinical therapies. The spinal cord's poor regenerative capacity makes repairing damaged and lost neurons a critical treatment step. Reprogramming-based neuronal transdifferentiation has recently shown great potential in repair and plasticity, as it can convert mature somatic cells into functional neurons for spinal cord injury repair in vitro and in vivo, effectively halting the progression of spinal cord injury and promoting functional improvement. However, the mechanisms of the neuronal transdifferentiation and the induced neuronal subtypes are not yet well understood. This review analyzes the mechanisms of resident cellular transdifferentiation based on a review of the relevant recent literature, describes different molecular approaches to obtain different neuronal subtypes, discusses the current challenges and improvement methods, and provides new ideas for exploring therapeutic approaches for spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ming Fang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Wei-Can Chen
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Wan-Jing Zheng
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yu-Shen Yang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Xin-Li Chen
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Meng-Qin Pei
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Shu Lin
- Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
- Neuroendocrinology Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - He-Fan He
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
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4
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Battistelli C, Garbo S, Maione R. MyoD-Induced Trans-Differentiation: A Paradigm for Dissecting the Molecular Mechanisms of Cell Commitment, Differentiation and Reprogramming. Cells 2022; 11:3435. [PMID: 36359831 PMCID: PMC9654159 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of the skeletal muscle-specific transcription factor MyoD represents a milestone in the field of transcriptional regulation during differentiation and cell-fate reprogramming. MyoD was the first tissue-specific factor found capable of converting non-muscle somatic cells into skeletal muscle cells. A unique feature of MyoD, with respect to other lineage-specific factors able to drive trans-differentiation processes, is its ability to dramatically change the cell fate even when expressed alone. The present review will outline the molecular strategies by which MyoD reprograms the transcriptional regulation of the cell of origin during the myogenic conversion, focusing on the activation and coordination of a complex network of co-factors and epigenetic mechanisms. Some molecular roadblocks, found to restrain MyoD-dependent trans-differentiation, and the possible ways for overcoming these barriers, will also be discussed. Indeed, they are of critical importance not only to expand our knowledge of basic muscle biology but also to improve the generation skeletal muscle cells for translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rossella Maione
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
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5
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Identification of microRNAs related with neural germ layer lineage-specific progenitors during reprogramming. J Mol Histol 2022; 53:623-634. [DOI: 10.1007/s10735-022-10082-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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6
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MiR-106b-5p Regulates the Reprogramming of Spermatogonial Stem Cells into iPSC (Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell)-Like Cells. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2022; 26:291-300. [PMID: 35791490 PMCID: PMC9432470 DOI: 10.52547/ibj.3594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Recent years have brought notable progress in raising the efficiency of the reprogramming technique so that approaches have evolved from known transgenic factors to only a few miRNAs. Nevertheless, there is a poor understanding of both the key factors and biological networks underlying this reprogramming. The present study aimed to investigate the potential of miR-106b-5p in regulating SSCs to iPSC-like cells. Methods: We used SSCs because pluripotency is inducible in SSCs under defined culture conditions, and they have a few issues compared to other adult stem cells. As both signaling and post-transcriptional gene controls are critical for pluripotency regulation, we traced the expression of OSKMN. Besides, we considered miR-106b-5p targets using bioinformatic methods. Results: Our results showed that transfected SSCs with miR-106b-5p increased the expression of the OSKMN factors, which was significantly more than negative control groups. Moreover, using the functional miRNA enrichment analysis, online tools, and databases, we predicted that miR-106b-5p targeted a signaling pathway gene named MAPK1/ERK2, related to regulating stem cell pluripotency. Conclusion: Together, our data suggest that miR-106b-5p regulates the reprogramming of SSCs into iPSC-like cells. Furthermore, noteworthy progress in the in vitro development of SSCs indicates promise reservoirs and opportunities for future clinical trials.
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Abstract
Exosomes are a new horizon in modern therapy, presenting exciting new opportunities for advanced drug delivery and targeted release. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles with a size range of 30-100 nm, secreted by all cell types in the human body and carrying a unique collection of DNA fragments, RNA species, lipids, protein biomarkers, transcription factors and metabolites. miRNAs are one of the most common RNA species in exosomes, and they play a role in a variety of biological processes including exocytosis, hematopoiesis and angiogenesis, as well as cellular communication via exosomes. Exosomes can act as cargo to transport this information from donor cells to near and long-distance target cells, participating in the reprogramming of recipient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihat Dilsiz
- Molecular Biology & Genetics, Faculty of Engineering & Natural Sciences, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, 34700, Turkey
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8
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Chen X, Liu Y, Zhang Q, Liu B, Cheng Y, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Liu J, Gen H. Exosomal Long Non-coding RNA HOTTIP Increases Resistance of Colorectal Cancer Cells to Mitomycin via Impairing MiR-214-Mediated Degradation of KPNA3. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:582723. [PMID: 33585440 PMCID: PMC7876302 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.582723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that long non-coding RNA HOXA distal transcript antisense RNA (lncRNA HOTTIP) functions as a tumor promoter in colorectal cancer (CRC). Hence, we paid attention to exploring whether exosomes could carry lncRNA HOTTIP to affect the mitomycin resistance in CRC and to identify the underlying mechanisms. High expression of HOTTIP was detected in mitomycin-resistant CRC cells. Inhibition of HOTTIP reduced the mitomycin resistance. In the co-culture system of mitomycin-resistant cells or their derived exosomes with CRC cells, the HOTTIP was found to be transferred into the parental cells via extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted from mitomycin-resistant cells and to contribute to the mitomycin resistance. Based on the bioinformatics databases, possible interaction network of HOTTIP, microRNA-214 (miR-214) and Karyopherin subunit alpha 3 (KPNA3) in CRC was predicted, which was further analyzed by dual-luciferase reporter, RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation and RNA pull-down assays. As HOTTIP down-regulated miR-214 to elevate the KPNA3 expression, HOTTIP enhanced the mitomycin resistance through impairing miR-214-dependent inhibition of KPNA3. Finally, HOTTIP was suggested as an independent factor predicting mitomycin response in patients with CRC. Those data together confirmed the promotive effects of EV-carried HOTTIP on the mitomycin resistance, while targeting HOTTIP might be a promising strategy overcoming drug resistance in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xijuan Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yingqiang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qinglan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Baoxing Liu
- Department of Chest Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yonglei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanan Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junqi Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hong Gen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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9
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The roles of MicroRNAs in neural regenerative medicine. Exp Neurol 2020; 332:113394. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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10
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Zeng J, Feng Q, Wang Y, Xie G, Li Y, Yang Y, Feng J. Circular RNA circ_001842 plays an oncogenic role in renal cell carcinoma by disrupting microRNA-502-5p-mediated inhibition of SLC39A14. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:9712-9725. [PMID: 32729666 PMCID: PMC7520279 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common urologic malignancy, and up to 30% of RCC patients present with locally advanced or metastatic disease at the time of initial diagnosis. Increasing evidence suggests that circular RNAs (circRNAs) serve as genomic regulatory molecules in various human cancers. Our initial in silico microarray-based analysis identified that circRNA circ_001842 was highly expressed in RCC. Such up-regulation of circ_001842 in RCC was experimentally validated in tissues and cell lines using RT-qPCR. Thereafter, we attempted to identify the role of circ_001842 in the pathogenesis of RCC. Through a series of gain- and loss-of function assays, cell biological functions were examined using colony formation assay, Transwell assay, annexin V-FITC/PI-labelled flow cytometry and scratch test. A high expression of circ_001842 in tissues was observed as associated with poor prognosis of RCC patients. circ_001842 was found to elevate SLC39A14 expression by binding to miR-502-5p, consequently resulting in augmented RCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion, as well as EMT in vitro and tumour growth in vivo. These observations imply the involvement of circ_001842 in RCC pathogenesis through a miR-502-5p-dependent SLC39A14 mechanism, suggesting circ_001842 is a potential target for RCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, China
| | - Qian Feng
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaodong Wang
- Department of Urology Surgery, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, China
| | - Gang Xie
- Department of Pathology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, China
| | - Yuanmeng Li
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuwei Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, China
| | - Jiafu Feng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, China.,Department of Medical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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11
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Song L, Huang Y, Zhang X, Han S, Hou M, Li H. Downregulation of microRNA-224-3p Hampers Retinoblastoma Progression via Activation of the Hippo-YAP Signaling Pathway by Increasing LATS2. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:32. [PMID: 32186675 PMCID: PMC7401717 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.3.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The pivotal role of microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) has been proved in the pathogenesis of retinoblastoma. miR-224-3p is demonstrated to be involved in several tumors. However, the underlying mechanism of miR-224-3p in retinoblastoma is yet to be investigated. Therefore, this study was designed to identify the regulation of miR-224-3p in human retinoblastoma. Methods The expression pattern of miR-224-3p and large tumor suppressor 2 (LATS2) in retinoblastoma was measured by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Afterward, the interaction between miR-224-3p and LATS2 was identified using a dual luciferase reporter gene assay. Next, gain-of-function and loss-of-function approaches were employed to examine the effects of miR-224-3p and LATS2 as well as their interaction on cell apoptosis, proliferation and angiogenesis abilities, and tumorigenesis. Whether the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway was involved in tumorigenesis was analyzed by determining downstream genes. Results LATS2 was downregulated in retinoblastoma, and its overexpression promoted apoptosis and suppressed proliferation of retinoblastoma cells. miR-224-3p, highly expressed in retinoblastoma, inhibited the expression of its target gene LATS2, which inhibited activation of the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway. Suppression of miR-224-3p promoted apoptosis while suppressing the proliferation of retinoblastoma cells and angiogenesis. Tumor progression induced by upregulation of miR-224-3p was diminished by restoration of LATS2. It was observed that tumor growth and angiogenesis were reduced by depleted miR-224-3p in the animal experiments. Conclusions The present study suggests that miR-224-3p targets LATS2 and blocks the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway activation, thus preventing the progression of retinoblastoma, which could be a new therapeutic target for retinoblastoma.
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12
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Li J, Lv H, Che Y. microRNA-381-3p Confers Protection Against Ischemic Stroke Through Promoting Angiogenesis and Inhibiting Inflammation by Suppressing Cebpb and Map3k8. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 40:1307-1319. [PMID: 32297103 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00815-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a serious disease with limited prevention methods, and various genes and microRNAs (miRNAs) have been found to be dysregulated in the pathogenesis of this disease. This study aims to explore the potential role of miR-381-3p in ischemic stroke, along with its underlying mechanism. A mouse model of ischemic stroke was developed using middle cerebral artery occlusion. Next, the expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 8 (Map3k8) and CCAAT enhancer binding protein beta (Cebpb) was determined by RT-qPCR. Gain- and loss-of-function approaches were applied to analyze the effects of miR-381-3p, Cebpb and Map3k8 on the biological functions of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) with the involvement of the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) signaling pathway. In addition, dual luciferase reporter gene assay was performed for the analysis of the relationship among miR-381-3p, Map3k8 and Cebpb. Further, rescue experiment was performed with the help of JNK/p38 specific agonist, Anisomycin. Map3k8 and Cebpb were highly expressed in ischemic stroke. Loss-of-function of Map3k8 or Cebpb in EPCs contributed to accelerated proliferation, migration and angiogenesis of EPCs. Next, miR-381-3p downregulated the expression of its two target genes, Map3k8 and Cebpb. miR-381-3p overexpression promoted angiogenesis of EPCs, and inhibited inflammation, which could be reversed by restoration of Map3k8 or Cebpb. Additionally, silencing Map3k8 or Cebpb inhibited the activation of TNF-α signaling pathway. Furthermore, Anisomycin treatment could enhance inflammation and inhibit angiogenesis. Taken together, miR-381-3p downregulates Map3k8 and Cebpb to protect against ischemic stroke, broadening our understanding of the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 4, Chongshan East Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Lv
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 4, Chongshan East Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqin Che
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 4, Chongshan East Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Channakkar AS, Singh T, Pattnaik B, Gupta K, Seth P, Adlakha YK. MiRNA-137-mediated modulation of mitochondrial dynamics regulates human neural stem cell fate. Stem Cells 2020; 38:683-697. [PMID: 32012382 PMCID: PMC7217206 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The role of miRNAs in determining human neural stem cell (NSC) fate remains elusive despite their high expression in the developing nervous system. In this study, we investigate the role of miR‐137, a brain‐enriched miRNA, in determining the fate of human induced pluripotent stem cells‐derived NSCs (hiNSCs). We show that ectopic expression of miR‐137 in hiNSCs reduces proliferation and accelerates neuronal differentiation and migration. TargetScan and MicroT‐CDS predict myocyte enhancer factor‐2A (MEF2A), a transcription factor that regulates peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐gamma coactivator (PGC1α) transcription, as a target of miR‐137. Using a reporter assay, we validate MEF2A as a downstream target of miR‐137. Our results indicate that reduced levels of MEF2A reduce the transcription of PGC1α, which in turn impacts mitochondrial dynamics. Notably, miR‐137 accelerates mitochondrial biogenesis in a PGC1α independent manner by upregulating nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NFE2)‐related factor 2 (NRF2) and transcription factor A of mitochondria (TFAM). In addition, miR‐137 modulates mitochondrial dynamics by inducing mitochondrial fusion and fission events, resulting in increased mitochondrial content and activation of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and oxygen consumption rate. Pluripotency transcription factors OCT4 and SOX2 are known to have binding sites in the promoter region of miR‐137 gene. Ectopic expression of miR‐137 elevates the expression levels of OCT4 and SOX2 in hiNSCs which establishes a feed‐forward self‐regulatory loop between miR‐137 and OCT4/SOX2. Our study provides novel molecular insights into NSC fate determination by miR‐137.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha S Channakkar
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, India
| | - Tanya Singh
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, India.,Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Bijay Pattnaik
- Centre of Excellence in Asthma & Lung Disease, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Karnika Gupta
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, India
| | - Pankaj Seth
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, India
| | - Yogita K Adlakha
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, India
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14
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Li P, Wang J, Guo F, Zheng B, Zhang X. A novel inhibitory role of microRNA-224 in particulate matter 2.5-induced asthmatic mice by inhibiting TLR2. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:3040-3052. [PMID: 31978265 PMCID: PMC7077591 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that elevated concentrations of particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) correlate with increased incidence of asthma. Studies have highlighted the implication of microRNAs (miRNAs) in asthmatic response. Here, the objective of this study is to explore the effect of miR-224 on PM2.5-induced asthmatic mice. Ovalbumin (OVA) was utilized to establish asthmatic mouse models, which were then exposed to PM2.5, followed by miR-224 expression detection. Next, lesions and collagen deposition area in lung tissue, ratio Treg/Th17, the expression of TLR4 and MYD88, inflammation, eosinophils (EOS) and airway remodelling were evaluated in OVA mice after injection with miR-224 agomir. Following isolation of mouse primary bronchial epithelial cells, miR-224 mimic and TLR2/TLR4 inhibitor were introduced to assess inflammation and the expression of TGF-β, MMP9, TIMP-1, Foxp3, RORγt, TLR2, TLR4 and MYD88. After exposure to PM2.5, lesions and collagen deposition were promoted in lung tissues, inflammation and EOS were increased in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and airway remodelling was enhanced in OVA mice. miR-224 was down-regulated, whereas TLR2/TLR4/MYD88 was up-regulated in OVA mice after treatment with PM2.5, accompanied by Treg/Th17 immune imbalance. Of note, bioinformatic prediction and dual luciferase reporter gene assay confirmed that TLR2 was a target gene of miR-224. Overexpressed miR-224 reduced expression of TGF-β, MMP9, TIMP-1 and RORγt and inflammation but increased Foxp3 expression in bronchial epithelial cells through down-regulating TLR2. In summary, overexpressed miR-224 suppressed airway epithelial cell inflammation and airway remodelling in PM2.5-induced asthmatic mice through decreasing TLR2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Developmental Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinpeng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fengjun Guo
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Baihong Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuelei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
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15
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Fan L, Li H, Zhang Y. LINC00908 negatively regulates microRNA-483-5p to increase TSPYL5 expression and inhibit the development of prostate cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:10. [PMID: 31938018 PMCID: PMC6953146 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-1073-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence has associated aberrant long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) with various human cancers. This study aimed to explore the role of LINC00908 in prostate cancer (PCa) and its possible underlying mechanisms. Methods Microarray data associated with PCa were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) to screen the differentially expressed genes or lncRNAs. Then, the expression of LINC00908 in PCa tissues and cell lines was detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The localization of LINC00908 in PCa cells was examined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The relationship among LINC00908, microRNA (miR)-483-5p, and TSPYL5 was detected by bioinformatics analysis, dual-luciferase reporter assay, RNA pull-down, RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP), and FISH assays. Cell biological behaviors were assessed after the expression of LINC00908, miR-483-5p, and TSPYL5 was altered in PCa cells. Lastly, tumor growth in nude mice was evaluated. Results Poorly expressed LINC00908 was witnessed in PCa tissues and cells. LINC00908 competitively bound to miR-483-5p to up-regulate the TSPYL5 expression. Overexpression of LINC00908 resulted in reduced PCa cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and promoted apoptosis. Additionally, the suppression on PCa cell proliferation, migration and invasion was induced by up-regulation of TSPYL5 or inhibition of miR-483-5p. In addition, in vivo experiments showed that overexpression of LINC00908 inhibited tumor growth of PCa. Conclusion Overall, LINC00908 could competitively bind to miR-483-5p to increase the expression of TSPYL5, thereby inhibiting the progression of PCa. Therefore, LINC00908 may serve as a novel target for the treatment of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Fan
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126, Xiantai Street, Changchun, 130033 Jilin People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Li
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126, Xiantai Street, Changchun, 130033 Jilin People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126, Xiantai Street, Changchun, 130033 Jilin People's Republic of China
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16
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Song Y, Soto J, Chen B, Yang L, Li S. Cell engineering: Biophysical regulation of the nucleus. Biomaterials 2020; 234:119743. [PMID: 31962231 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cells live in a complex and dynamic microenvironment, and a variety of microenvironmental cues can regulate cell behavior. In addition to biochemical signals, biophysical cues can induce not only immediate intracellular responses, but also long-term effects on phenotypic changes such as stem cell differentiation, immune cell activation and somatic cell reprogramming. Cells respond to mechanical stimuli via an outside-in and inside-out feedback loop, and the cell nucleus plays an important role in this process. The mechanical properties of the nucleus can directly or indirectly modulate mechanotransduction, and the physical coupling of the cell nucleus with the cytoskeleton can affect chromatin structure and regulate the epigenetic state, gene expression and cell function. In this review, we will highlight the recent progress in nuclear biomechanics and mechanobiology in the context of cell engineering, tissue remodeling and disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; School of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Jennifer Soto
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Binru Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Li Yang
- School of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Song Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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17
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Translating preclinical findings in clinically relevant new antipsychotic targets: focus on the glutamatergic postsynaptic density. Implications for treatment resistant schizophrenia. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 107:795-827. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Sangiorgi B, de Souza FC, Mota de Souza Lima I, Dos Santos Schiavinato JL, Corveloni AC, Thomé CH, Araújo Silva W, Faça VM, Covas DT, Zago MA, Panepucci RA. A High-Content Screening Approach to Identify MicroRNAs Against Head and Neck Cancer Cell Survival and EMT in an Inflammatory Microenvironment. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1100. [PMID: 31788442 PMCID: PMC6856008 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is among the most common cancer types. Metastasis, the main cause of death by cancer, can be promoted by an inflammatory microenvironment, which induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through a NF-κB-mediated stabilization of Snail. Here, we aimed to explore how microRNAs (miRs) can affect cell survival and EMT in HNSCC cells under an inflammatory microenvironment. By using a high-content screening (HCS) approach, we evaluated alterations in morphometric parameters, as well as expression/localization of Snail/Slug, in HNSCC cells primed with TNF-α. Based on those quantitation, we established the optimal experimental conditions of EMT induction driven by TNF-α. Those conditions were applied to cells transfected with distinct miRs (N = 31), followed by clusterization of miRs based on alterations related to cell survival and EMT. The signaling pathways enriched with molecular targets from each group of miRs were identified by in silico analyses. Finally, cells were transfected with siRNAs against signaling pathways targeted by miRs with anti-survival/EMT effect and evaluated for alterations in cell survival and EMT. Overall, we observed that TNF-α, at 20 ng/ml, induced EMT-related changes in cell morphology, Snail/Slug expression, and cell migration. Predicted targets of miRs with anti-survival/EMT effect were enriched with targets of NF-κB, PI3K/ATK, and Wnt/beta catenin pathways. Strikingly, individual gene silencing of elements from those pathways, namely RELA (NF-kB), AKT1 (PI3K/AKT), and CTNNB1 (Wnt/beta catenin) reduced cell survival and/or expression of Snail/Slug in cells stimulated with TNF-α. As a whole, our HCS approach allowed for the identification of miRs capable of inhibiting cell survival and EMT considering the presence of an inflammatory microenvironment, also indicating the common signaling pathways and molecular targets most likely to underlie those alterations. These findings may contribute to the development of targeted therapies against HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Sangiorgi
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CTC), Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Genetics and Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Felipe Canto de Souza
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CTC), Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Genetics and Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ildercílio Mota de Souza Lima
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CTC), Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Genetics and Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Josiane Lilian Dos Santos Schiavinato
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CTC), Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Genetics and Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Amanda Cristina Corveloni
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CTC), Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Genetics and Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Carolina Hassibe Thomé
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CTC), Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Wilson Araújo Silva
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CTC), Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Genetics and Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Vitor Marcel Faça
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CTC), Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Dimas Tadeu Covas
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CTC), Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Marco Antônio Zago
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CTC), Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Alexandre Panepucci
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CTC), Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Genetics and Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Yang J, Shen Y, Yang X, Long Y, Chen S, Lin X, Dong R, Yuan J. Silencing of long noncoding RNA XIST protects against renal interstitial fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy via microRNA-93-5p-mediated inhibition of CDKN1A. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F1350-F1358. [PMID: 31545928 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00254.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to play an important role in diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the molecular mechanism involved in this process remains poorly understood. Thus, the present study aimed to explore the function and molecular mechanism of dysregulated lncRNA X-inactive specific transcript (XIST) in DN. DN mouse models were established by streptozotocin treatment, and human renal tubular epithelial HK-2 cells were exposed to high glucose to produce an in vitro model. XIST was highly expressed in renal tissues of patients with DN, mice with DN, and high glucose-exposed HK-2 cells. To identify the interaction among XIST, miR-93-5p, and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A) and to analyze the functional significance of their interaction in renal interstitial fibrosis, we altered endogenous expression of XIST and miR-93-5p and CDKN1A. Dual-luciferase reporter assay results suggested that XIST was highly expressed in the kidney tissue of DN mice and high glucose-exposed HK-2 cells. XIST was identified to be a lncRNA that could bind to miR-93-5p, and CDKN1A was a target of miR-93-5p. Downregulated expression of XIST led to an increase in miR-93-5p expression, thereby decreasing CDKN1A and suppressing renal interstitial fibrosis in DN. Consistently, XIST knockdown reduced the expression of fibrosis markers (fibronectin, collagen type IV, and transforming growth factor-β1). Restoration of CDKN1A or decreasing miR-93-5p yielded a reversed effect on renal interstitial fibrosis. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that silenced XIST inducing miR-93-5p-dependent CDKN1A inhibition was beneficial for preventing renal interstitial fibrosis in DN, which may provide a future strategy to prevent the progression of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindou Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Shen
- Department of Nephrology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjun Long
- Department of Nephrology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Lin
- Department of Nephrology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Dong
- Department of Nephrology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
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20
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Sano M, Nakasu A, Ohtaka M, Nakanishi M. A Sendai Virus-Based Cytoplasmic RNA Vector as a Novel Platform for Long-Term Expression of MicroRNAs. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2019; 15:371-382. [PMID: 31828179 PMCID: PMC6889074 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2019.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic RNA virus-derived vectors have emerged as attractive vehicles for microRNA (miRNA) delivery as they possess no potential risk of chromosomal insertion. However, their relatively short-term expression limits their use in biological applications that require long-term miRNA manipulation, such as somatic cell reprogramming. Here, we show that a cytoplasmic RNA virus vector based on a replication-defective and persistent Sendai virus (SeVdp) serves as an effective platform for long-term production of miRNAs capable of inducing sequence-specific target suppression. The SeVdp vector was able to simultaneously deliver embryonic stem cell-enriched miRNAs, as well as multiple transcription factors, into fibroblasts, resulting in effective reprogramming into induced pluripotent stem cells. Furthermore, we report that the murine miR-367 hairpin produced elevated levels of mature miRNA when it was incorporated into the SeVdp vector and served as an effective backbone for production of artificial miRNAs. These SeVdp vector-derived artificial miRNAs efficiently inhibited expression of target genes. Our findings provide novel insights into a powerful tool for long-term and targeted gene silencing in areas such as regenerative medicine, gene therapy, and cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Sano
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Asako Nakasu
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Manami Ohtaka
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Mahito Nakanishi
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
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21
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Feng S, Zeng D, Zheng J, Zhao D. MicroRNAs: Mediators and Therapeutic Targets to Airway Hyper Reactivity After Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2177. [PMID: 30254626 PMCID: PMC6141694 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most important pathogen correlated to the first-time infant wheezing and later recurrence after its primary infection. RSV infection promotes the bronchial smooth muscle sensitivity to leukotrienes (LTs) in acute stage, causes the extensive inflammatory reaction and the aggregation of Th2-like cells during respiratory tract obstruction. Infants and young children infected with RSV exhibit an increased susceptibility to the exposure of exogenous allergens, easy to suffer from the recurrent wheezing, which prompts that the body is still in a state of inflammation or immunological bias. However, the pathological mechanism is unclear. The recent researches demonstrate that abnormal expression of non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) can be detected from the peripheral blood and airway tract epithelial of RSV infected infants, which participate the regulation of immune cells polarization and LTs synthesis. Improving the immune tolerance can significantly relieve the airway inflammation and broncho-spasm caused by RSV. In this review, we discuss recent advances in understanding the mechanism of RSV-induced inflammatory reaction and immune dysfunction leading to airway hyper-reactivity. Further, we summarize the potential molecular basis that, in this process, miRNAs, which are produced by airway epithelial cells or peripheral blood mononuclear cells, directly or in the form of exosome to regulate the inflammation programs as well as the function, differentiation and proliferation of immune cells. miRNAs may become a potential bio-marker of detecting severe RSV infection and a novel target of early intervention and therapeutic strategy in recurrent wheezing or asthma related to RSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dongchi Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Digital Health and Data Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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22
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Zhang LY, Jia MR, Sun T. The roles of special proresolving mediators in pain relief. Rev Neurosci 2018; 29:645-660. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2017-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The resolution of acute inflammation, once thought to be a passive process, is now recognized as an active one. The productions of endogenous special proresolving mediators (SPMs) are involved in this process. SPMs, including lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, and maresins, are endogenous lipid mediators generated from ω-6 arachidonic acid or ω-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids during the resolution phase of acute inflammation. They have potent anti-inflammatory and proresolving actions in various inflammatory disorders. Due to the potent proresolving and anti-inflammatory effects, SPMs are also used for pain relief. This review focuses on the mechanisms by which SPMs act on their respective G-protein-coupled receptors in immune cells and nerve cells to normalize pain via regulating inflammatory mediators, transient receptor potential ion channels, and central sensitization. SPMs may offer novel therapeutic approaches for preventing and treating pain conditions associated with inflammation.
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23
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Fliefel R, Ehrenfeld M, Otto S. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) as a new source of bone in reconstructive surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:1780-1797. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riham Fliefel
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine (ExperiMed), Faculty of Medicine; Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich; Munich Germany
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine; Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich; Munich Germany
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry; Alexandria University; Alexandria Egypt
| | - Michael Ehrenfeld
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine; Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich; Munich Germany
| | - Sven Otto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine; Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich; Munich Germany
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24
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Drouin-Ouellet J, Lau S, Brattås PL, Rylander Ottosson D, Pircs K, Grassi DA, Collins LM, Vuono R, Andersson Sjöland A, Westergren-Thorsson G, Graff C, Minthon L, Toresson H, Barker RA, Jakobsson J, Parmar M. REST suppression mediates neural conversion of adult human fibroblasts via microRNA-dependent and -independent pathways. EMBO Mol Med 2018. [PMID: 28646119 PMCID: PMC5538296 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201607471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct conversion of human fibroblasts into mature and functional neurons, termed induced neurons (iNs), was achieved for the first time 6 years ago. This technology offers a promising shortcut for obtaining patient‐ and disease‐specific neurons for disease modeling, drug screening, and other biomedical applications. However, fibroblasts from adult donors do not reprogram as easily as fetal donors, and no current reprogramming approach is sufficiently efficient to allow the use of this technology using patient‐derived material for large‐scale applications. Here, we investigate the difference in reprogramming requirements between fetal and adult human fibroblasts and identify REST as a major reprogramming barrier in adult fibroblasts. Via functional experiments where we overexpress and knockdown the REST‐controlled neuron‐specific microRNAs miR‐9 and miR‐124, we show that the effect of REST inhibition is only partially mediated via microRNA up‐regulation. Transcriptional analysis confirmed that REST knockdown activates an overlapping subset of neuronal genes as microRNA overexpression and also a distinct set of neuronal genes that are not activated via microRNA overexpression. Based on this, we developed an optimized one‐step method to efficiently reprogram dermal fibroblasts from elderly individuals using a single‐vector system and demonstrate that it is possible to obtain iNs of high yield and purity from aged individuals with a range of familial and sporadic neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's, Huntington's, as well as Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle Drouin-Ouellet
- Division of Neurobiology and Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Shong Lau
- Division of Neurobiology and Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Per Ludvik Brattås
- Division of Neurobiology and Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniella Rylander Ottosson
- Division of Neurobiology and Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karolina Pircs
- Division of Neurobiology and Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniela A Grassi
- Division of Neurobiology and Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lucy M Collins
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair & Department of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Cambridge, UK
| | - Romina Vuono
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair & Department of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Cambridge, UK
| | - Annika Andersson Sjöland
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Unit of Lung Biology BMC, C12 Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Caroline Graff
- Division for Neurogeriatrics, Department of NVS, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lennart Minthon
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Håkan Toresson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Roger A Barker
- Division of Neurobiology and Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair & Department of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Cambridge, UK
| | - Johan Jakobsson
- Division of Neurobiology and Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Malin Parmar
- Division of Neurobiology and Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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25
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He S, Guo W, Deng F, Chen K, Jiang Y, Dong M, Peng L, Chen X. Targeted delivery of microRNA 146b mimic to hepatocytes by lactosylated PDMAEMA nanoparticles for the treatment of NAFLD. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:217-228. [PMID: 29560749 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1453830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver diseases worldwide, and precision therapeutic will be a benefit for the NAFLD regression. In this study, we observed low microRNA 146 b (miR-146 b) expression in NAFLD mice model induced by methionine-choline-deficient diet (MCD) compared with control group. Furthermore, miR-146b-/- mice induced MCD exhibited severe liver steatosis and hepatitis. A bio-distribution study showed that novel Lactosylated PDMAEMA nanoparticles effectively targeted hepatocytes Lac-PDMAEMA. We coupled miR-146b mimic with Lac-PDMAEMA and then were administrated to NAFLD mice model, which could obviously alleviate the hepatic steatosis. Lac-PDMAEMA effectively delivered miR-146b mimic to hepatocytes with a ∼8-fold upregulation of miR-146b mimic targeting MyD88 and IRAK1, and in turn suppressed the expression of PPARγ. Meanwhile, TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA levels were decreased after administration of Lac-PDMAEMA/miR-146b mimic. So, we made a conclusion that targeted delivering miR-146b mimic to the hepatocytes by, coupling Lac-PDMAEMA nanoparticles could effectively alleviate the hepatic steatosis in NAFLD mice, which maybe bring a new and effective way to intervene and therapy the NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuying He
- a Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology , Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Weihong Guo
- b Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Feihong Deng
- a Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology , Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Kequan Chen
- c Department of Gastroenterology , First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yonghong Jiang
- c Department of Gastroenterology , First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Minyu Dong
- c Department of Gastroenterology , First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Liang Peng
- c Department of Gastroenterology , First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xueqing Chen
- c Department of Gastroenterology , First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China
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26
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Finding MyoD and lessons learned along the way. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 72:3-9. [PMID: 29097153 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In 1987, Robert Davis, Hal Weintraub and I reported the identification of MyoD, a transcription factor that could reprogram fibroblasts into skeletal muscle cells. In this recollection, I both summarize the prior work of Helen Blau, Woody Wright, Peter Jones and Charlie Emerson that inspired my entry into this field, and the subsequent events that led to finding MyoD. Lastly, I highlight some of the principles in developmental biology that have emerged during the past 30 years, which are particularly relevant to skeletal muscle biology.
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27
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Chen X, Zhao W, Yuan Y, Bai Y, Sun Y, Zhu W, Du Z. MicroRNAs tend to synergistically control expression of genes encoding extensively-expressed proteins in humans. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3682. [PMID: 28828274 PMCID: PMC5560240 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering complicated microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis and action mechanisms, it was thought so high energy-consuming for a cell to afford simultaneous over-expression of many miRNAs. Thus it prompts that an alternative miRNA regulation pattern on protein-encoding genes must exist, which has characteristics of energy-saving and precise protein output. In this study, expression tendency of proteins encoded by miRNAs’ target genes was evaluated in human organ scale, followed by quantitative assessment of miRNA synergism. Expression tendency analysis suggests that universally expressed proteins (UEPs) tend to physically interact in clusters and participate in fundamental biological activities whereas disorderly expressed proteins (DEPs) are inclined to relatively independently execute organ-specific functions. Consistent with this, miRNAs that mainly target UEP-encoding mRNAs, such as miR-21, tend to collaboratively or even synergistically act with other miRNAs in fine-tuning protein output. Synergistic gene regulation may maximize miRNAs’ efficiency with less dependence on miRNAs’ abundance and overcome the deficiency that targeting plenty of genes by single miRNA makes miRNA-mediated regulation high-throughput but insufficient due to target gene dilution effect. Furthermore, our in vitro experiment verified that merely 25 nM transfection of miR-21 be sufficient to influence the overall state of various human cells. Thus miR-21 was identified as a hub in synergistic miRNA–miRNA interaction network. Our findings suggest that synergistic miRNA–miRNA interaction is an important endogenous miRNA regulation mode, which ensures adequate potency of miRNAs at low abundance, especially those implicated in fundamental biological regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Harbin Medical University), Harbin, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Harbin Medical University), Harbin, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Harbin Medical University), Harbin, China
| | - Yan Bai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Harbin Medical University), Harbin, China
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Harbin Medical University), Harbin, China
| | - Wenliang Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Harbin Medical University), Harbin, China
| | - Zhimin Du
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Harbin Medical University), Harbin, China
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MicroRNA-Directed Neuronal Reprogramming as a Therapeutic Strategy for Neurological Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:4428-4436. [PMID: 28664454 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0671-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The loss of neurons due to injury and disease results in a wide spectrum of highly disabling neurological and neurodegenerative conditions, given the apparent limited capacity of endogenous repair of the adult central nervous system (CNS). Therefore, it is important to develop technologies that can promote de novo neural stem cell and neuron generation. Current insights in CNS development and cellular reprogramming have provided the knowledge to finely modulate lineage-restricted transcription factors and microRNAs (miRNA) to elicit correct neurogenesis. Here, we discuss the current knowledge on the direct reprogramming of somatic non-neuronal cells into neural stem cells or subtype specific neurons in vitro and in vivo focusing on miRNA driven reprogramming. miRNA can allow rapid and efficient direct phenotype conversion by modulating gene networks active during development, which promote global shifts in the epigenetic landscape pivoting cell fate decisions. Furthermore, we critically present state-of-the-art and recent advances on miRNA therapeutics that can be applied to the diseased CNS. Together, the advances in our understanding of miRNA role in CNS development and disease, recent progress in miRNA-based therapeutic strategies, and innovative drug delivery methods create novel perspectives for meaningful therapies for neurodegenerative disorders.
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