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Zhao D, Wu Y, Zhao H, Zhang F, Wang J, Liu Y, Lin J, Huang Y, Pan W, Qi J, Chen N, Yang X, Xu W, Tong Z, Cheng J. Midbrain FA initiates neuroinflammation and depression onset in both acute and chronic LPS-induced depressive model mice. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 117:356-375. [PMID: 38320681 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Both exogenous gaseous and liquid forms of formaldehyde (FA) can induce depressive-like behaviors in both animals and humans. Stress and neuronal excitation can elicit brain FA generation. However, whether endogenous FA participates in depression occurrence remains largely unknown. In this study, we report that midbrain FA derived from lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a direct trigger of depression. Using an acute depressive model in mice, we found that one-week intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of LPS activated semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) leading to FA production from the midbrain vascular endothelium. In both in vitro and in vivo experiments, FA stimulated the production of cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Strikingly, one-week microinfusion of FA as well as LPS into the midbrain dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN, a 5-HT-nergic nucleus) induced depressive-like behaviors and concurrent neuroinflammation. Conversely, NaHSO3 (a FA scavenger), improved depressive symptoms associated with a reduction in the levels of midbrain FA and cytokines. Moreover, the chronic depressive model of mice injected with four-week i.p. LPS exhibited a marked elevation in the levels of midbrain LPS accompanied by a substantial increase in the levels of FA and cytokines. Notably, four-week i.p. injection of FA as well as LPS elicited cytokine storm in the midbrain and disrupted the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by activating microglia and reducing the expression of claudin 5 (CLDN5, a protein with tight junctions in the BBB). However, the administration of 30 nm nano-packed coenzyme-Q10 (Q10, an endogenous FA scavenger), phototherapy (PT) utilizing 630-nm red light to degrade FA, and the combination of PT and Q10, reduced FA accumulation and neuroinflammation in the midbrain. Moreover, the combined therapy exhibited superior therapeutic efficacy in attenuating depressive symptoms compared to individual treatments. Thus, LPS-derived FA directly initiates depression onset, thereby suggesting that scavenging FA represents a promising strategy for depression treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danrui Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035. China
| | - Yiqing Wu
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035. China
| | - Hang Zhao
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035. China
| | - Fengji Zhang
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035. China
| | - Junting Wang
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035. China
| | - Yiying Liu
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035. China
| | - Jing Lin
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035. China
| | - Yirui Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wenzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, China
| | - Wenhao Pan
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035. China
| | - Jiahui Qi
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035. China
| | - Nan Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology 437100, Hubei, China.
| | - Wen Xu
- School of Basic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Zhiqian Tong
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035. China.
| | - Jianhua Cheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035. China.
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Dong X, Tang J, Ren Y, Chen X. Development of a HPLC-FL method to determine benzaldehyde after derivatization with N-acetylhydrazine acridone and its application for determination of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase activity in human serum. RSC Adv 2019; 9:6717-6723. [PMID: 35518507 PMCID: PMC9061080 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra10004g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel fluorescence labeling reagent N-acetylhydrazine acridone (AHAD) was designed and synthesized. A highly sensitive high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method coupled with fluorescence detection to determine benzaldehyde after derivatization with AHAD was developed. Optimum derivatization was obtained at 40 °C for 30 min with trichloroacetic acid as catalyst. Benzaldehyde derivative was separated on a reversed-phase SB-C18 column in conjunction with a gradient elution and detected by fluorescence detection at excitation and emission wavelengths of 371 nm and 421 nm. The established method exhibited excellent linearity over the injected amount of benzaldehyde of 0.003 to 5 nmol mL−1. The method was successfully applied to the determination of serum semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) activity in humans. SSAO is a significant biomarker because serum SSAO activity is elevated in patients with Alzheimer's disease, vascular disorders, heart disease and diabetes mellitus. It was demonstrated that the SSAO activity of the hyperglycemic group (60 ± 4 nmol mL−1 h−1) was significantly higher than that of normal blood sugar group (44 ± 4 nmol mL−1 h−1) with P < 0.05. A highly sensitive HPLC-FL method to determine semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase activity was developed utilizing AHAD as the novel fluorescence labeling reagent.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University Yantai 264003 P. R. China +86-535-6913406
| | - Jiayuan Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University Yantai 264003 P. R. China +86-535-6913406
| | - Yan Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University Yantai 264003 P. R. China +86-535-6913406
| | - Xiangming Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University Yantai 264003 P. R. China +86-535-6913406
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Pannecoeck R, Serruys D, Benmeridja L, Delanghe JR, van Geel N, Speeckaert R, Speeckaert MM. Vascular adhesion protein-1: Role in human pathology and application as a biomarker. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2015; 52:284-300. [PMID: 26287391 DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2015.1050714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is a member of the copper-containing amine oxidase/semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (AOC/SSAO) enzyme family. SSAO enzymes catalyze oxidative deamination of primary amines, which results in the production of the corresponding aldehyde, hydrogen peroxide and ammonium. VAP-1 is continuously expressed as a transmembrane glycoprotein in the vascular wall during development and facilitates the accumulation of inflammatory cells into the inflamed environment in concert with other leukocyte adhesion molecules. The soluble form of VAP-1 is released into the circulation mainly from vascular endothelial cells. Over- and under-expression of sVAP-1 result in alterations of the reported reaction product levels, which are involved in the pathogenesis of multiple human diseases. The combination of enzymatic and adhesion capacities as well as its strong association with inflammatory pathologies makes VAP-1 an interesting therapeutic target for drug discovery. In this article, we will review the general characteristics and biological functions of VAP-1, focusing on its important role as a prognostic biomarker in human pathologies. In addition, the potential therapeutic application of VAP-1 inhibitors will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nanja van Geel
- c Department of Dermatology , Ghent University Hospital , Gent , Belgium
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Scassellati C, Bonvicini C, Faraone SV, Gennarelli M. Biomarkers and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analyses. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2012; 51:1003-1019.e20. [PMID: 23021477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2012.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether peripheral biochemical markers (biomarkers) might differentiate patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) from non-ADHD individuals. METHOD We conducted a systematic search and a series of meta-analyses of case-control studies comprising studies from 1969 to 2011. RESULTS We identified 210 studies in the following categories: 71 studies of the main metabolites and metabolism enzymes of monoaminergic neurotransmission pathway; 87 studies of environmental risk factors divided into heavy metals (18 studies), substance/chemical exposures (16 studies), and nutritional factors (trace elements: 29 studies; essential fatty acids: 24 studies); 22 studies of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) pathway; 31 studies indicated with "other". After screening for the availability for meta-analyses of drug naïve/free case-control studies and Bonferroni correction, five comparisons were statistically significant (Norepinephrine [NE], 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycol [MHPG], monoamine oxidase [MAO], Zinc [Zn], cortisol), five of the significant findings found support in studies of response to ADHD medications (NE, MHPG, MAO, b-phenylethylamine [PEA], cortisol), six in studies of symptoms severity (NE, MHPG, MAO, ferritin, Zn, cortisol) and three in studies of neurophysiological or cognitive functioning (lead-ferritin-Zn). No evidence of publication bias was found, whereas significant heterogeneity of effect sizes across studies was found for three of the five biomarkers that differentiated ADHD from control subjects. Suggestive associations were evidenced for neuropeptide Y (NPY), manganese, and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence for several peripheral biomarkers as being associated with ADHD both in diagnosis and in treatment efficacy. Further studies are warranted to replicate these findings, to assess their specificity for ADHD, and to quantify the degree to which they are sufficiently precise to be useful in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catia Scassellati
- Genetic Unit at the Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Centro S. Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.
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Nurminen EM, Pihlavisto M, Lázár L, Pentikäinen U, Fülöp F, Pentikäinen OT. Novel Hydrazine Molecules as Tools To Understand the Flexibility of Vascular Adhesion Protein-1 Ligand-Binding Site: Toward More Selective Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2011; 54:2143-54. [DOI: 10.1021/jm200059p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa M. Nurminen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Marjo Pihlavisto
- BioTie Therapies Corporation, Tykistökatu 6, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - László Lázár
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Eotvos 6, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ulla Pentikäinen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Ferenc Fülöp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Eotvos 6, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Olli T. Pentikäinen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
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Roessner V, Uebel H, Becker A, Beck G, Bleich S, Rothenberger A. Serum level of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase in children with ADHD. Behav Brain Funct 2006; 2:5. [PMID: 16441883 PMCID: PMC1373638 DOI: 10.1186/1744-9081-2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2005] [Accepted: 01/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of this study was to analyze the extracellularly acting semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) serum levels in children with ADHD for the first time. SSAO is known to show deviations from normal in various somatic disorders and to interplay with the intracellularly active MAO. In humans two forms of SSAO a circulating form in plasma and a membrane-bound form are involved in monoaminergic metabolism. Methods We analyzed serum levels of SSAO in 27 children meeting ICD-10 criteria of Hyperkinetic Disorder (F90) or DSM-IV criteria of ADHD combined type by HPLC method and fluorimetric detection. A group of 42 healthy volunteers within the same age range (7.0 – 14.0 years) served as controls. Results No significant differences between children with ADHD (SSAO activity M = 773, SD = 217 mU/l) and healthy controls (SSAO activity M = 775, SD = 256 mU/l) in SSAO serum levels were found (F = 2.18; p > 0.14). Further, stimulant medication status had no influence on the result (F = 2.52; p > 0.11). Conclusion There is no evidence for a deviation of SSAO serum activity in ADHD. Hence, extracellularly acting SSAO does not seem to be a promising factor for further research in ADHD. But progress in knowledge of its physiologic role and of the relationship between the membrane-bound and the circulating serum form may open new avenues for research on SSAO in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veit Roessner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Goettingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, D-37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Henrik Uebel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Goettingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, D-37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Becker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Goettingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, D-37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Georg Beck
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Erlangen, Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Bleich
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Erlangen, Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aribert Rothenberger
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Goettingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, D-37075 Goettingen, Germany
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