1
|
Abd El-Azeem SA, Harpy NM. Radioactive Attenuation Using Different Types of Natural Rocks. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3462. [PMID: 39063754 DOI: 10.3390/ma17143462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Humans benefit from nuclear technology, but it also generates nuclear radiation that is bad for both the environment and human health. The serious issue of radiation leakage affects many technological applications. Shielding is required to protect both users and the environment from negative side effects. This work describes the radioactive attenuation properties of some natural rocks, such as claystone, bentonitic claystone, bentonitic shale, sandstone, and basalt using a NaI(Tl) detector. The mass attenuation coefficients μm of these rocks at various photon energies, half-value layer (HVL), tenth-value layer (TVL), and mean free path (MFP) were determined. The validation of obtained values of μm was carried out against the theoretical calculations from the XCOM program, and the correlation factor and relative deviation between the two methods were evaluated. It was noted that basalt samples exhibit superior shielding parameters when compared to other rock samples. Also, the concentrations of naturally occurring radioactive elements (238U, 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K) were measured, allowing for the calculation of environmental hazard indices and assessment of attenuation (%) efficiency for certain natural rocks, such as bentonite, sandstone, and basalt. The results revealed that increasing the thickness of Basalt-AZ from 1.5 cm to 2 cm results in an approximate 11% rise in attenuation percentage, with values reaching 77.12%, 67.2%, 67.65%, and 59.8% for NMA-U, IAEA-Th, IAEA-Ra, and IAEA-K, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S A Abd El-Azeem
- Physics Department, College of Sciences and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Physics Department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11757, Egypt
| | - Nareman M Harpy
- Nuclear Materials Authority, P.O. Box 530, El-Maadi, Cairo 11728, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sadeq M, Sayyed M, Abdo M, Ali HE, Mahmoud AER, Ahmed H. Compositional dependence of transparency, linear and non-linear optical parameters, and radiation shielding properties in lanthanum, iron and calcium borate glasses. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2023; 212:111027. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2023.111027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
|
3
|
Electron beam irradiation and carbon nanotubes influence on PVDF-PZT composites for energy harvesting and storage applications: changes in dynamic-mechanical and dielectric properties. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2023.110624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
|
4
|
Kaur P, Singh J, Kaur P, Singh T. Radiation shielding and sensing properties for some Eu3+ doped bismo-phosphate glasses. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2023.110769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
5
|
Liu Q, Feng D, Zhao W, Xie D, Mei Y. A green, effective, and synergistic flame retardant for poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) resin. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
6
|
Inspection of Radiation Shielding Proficiency and Effect of Gamma-Ray on ESR and Thermal Characteristics of Copper Oxide Modified Borate Bioglasses. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-022-02349-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AbstractSamples of copper-modified bioactive borate glasses were synthesized and their radiation shielding properties including gamma-ray and neutron radiation shielding were investigated. Further, the glasses’ mass attenuation coefficients were measured with a NaI(Tl) detector while their gamma-ray shielding parameters were estimated using Phy-X/PSD program. Free-radical densities were measured via electron spin resonance to estimate the absorbed doses during accidental irradiation. The extensive reduction of the dose detection threshold (2 Gy) required the estimation of the signal of the non-irradiated sample. In addition, the effects of applied microwave power and absorbed dose on synthesized samples were studied. Finally, the thermal annealing of the emerging peaks, which were due to the irradiation signal-to-noise ratio and energy dependence, was studied to estimate the stabilities of such peaks. This modified material is recommended to detect and monitor the gamma-radiation dose because of its good dosimetric properties. Finally, regarding the presence of the two borate groups, triangular and the tetrahedrally coordinated, in their definite and typical wavenumbers, the FTIR spectra displayed simplified vibrations that were close to those of many bioglasses. This paper provides complementary results for the author's previous research examining this glass for low photon dose measurements using luminescence characteristics.
Collapse
|
7
|
Prabhu S, S. G Bubbly, Gudennavar SB. X-Ray and γ-Ray Shielding Efficiency of Polymer Composites: Choice of Fillers, Effect of Loading and Filler Size, Photon Energy and Multifunctionality. POLYM REV 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2022.2067867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Srilakshmi Prabhu
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Bangalore Central Campus, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - S. G Bubbly
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Bangalore Central Campus, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Shivappa B. Gudennavar
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Bangalore Central Campus, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Barman R, Hossain MS, Das A, Ahmmad Rabby MK. Investigation of radiation shielding characteristic features of different wood species. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
9
|
Kim SC. Tungsten-Based Hybrid Composite Shield for Medical Radioisotope Defense. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15041338. [PMID: 35207876 PMCID: PMC8880229 DOI: 10.3390/ma15041338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The shielding performance of shielding clothing is typically improved by increasing the shielding material content, but this lowers the tensile strength of the material. The weight and wearability of the shielding suit are also adversely affected. Important considerations when developing shielding fabric are thickness and flexibility to allow the wearer sufficient mobility. Insufficient thickness lowers the shielding performance, whereas excessive thickness decreases the flexibility of the garment. This study aimed to develop a composite shield that reproduces the shielding performance and meets the flexibility of the process technology. The new shield was manufactured by combining two layers: the shielding fabric fabricated from tungsten wire and a shielding sheet produced by mixing a polymer (PDMS) with tungsten powder. These two shields were bonded to develop a double hybrid composite. Compared with the existing shielding sheet (produced from lead equivalent of 0.55 mmPb), the shielding performance of the hybrid composite shield improved by approximately 17% on average and the tensile strength was 53% higher. The hybrid composite shield has a thickness of 1.35 ± 0.02 mm and delivers the same shielding performance as the lead equivalent. The new hybrid composite shield offers higher wearer mobility while shielding against radiation exposure in medical institutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Chil Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Daegu 42601, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Moradkhani G, Fasihi M, Brison L, Laoutid F, Vahabi H, Saeb MR. Flame retardancy effect of phosphorus graphite nanoplatelets on ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer: Physical blending versus chemical modification. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ghane Moradkhani
- School of Chemical Engineering Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Fasihi
- School of Chemical Engineering Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran Iran
| | - Loic Brison
- Polymeric and Composite Materials Unit Materia Nova Research Center Mons Belgium
| | - Fouad Laoutid
- Polymeric and Composite Materials Unit Materia Nova Research Center Mons Belgium
| | - Henri Vahabi
- CentraleSupélec, LMOPS Université de Lorraine Metz France
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Almurayshid M, Alssalim Y, Aksouh F, Almsalam R, ALQahtani M, Sayyed MI, Almasoud F. Development of New Lead-Free Composite Materials as Potential Radiation Shields. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14174957. [PMID: 34501047 PMCID: PMC8434293 DOI: 10.3390/ma14174957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Utilizing a polymer-based radiation shield offers lightweight, low cost, non-toxic compared to lead and solution for eliminating generated secondary neutrons. Incorporating silicon (i.e., one of the most abundant elements) in new applications, such as shielding, would have an impact on the economy and industry. In this study, seven potential shielding materials, composed of silicon, silicon carbide, and boron carbide embedded ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymers, are proposed. The shielding performance of these composite materials, including the attenuation coefficients (µ), the mass attenuation coefficients (µm), the half value layer (HVL), the mean free path (MFP), and the radiation protection efficiency (RPE) were examined using photon beams. Measured µm were verified against the calculated values. The averaged agreement was within ±7.4% between the experimental measurements and the theoretical calculation results. The HVL and MFP measured values for the polymer composites were lower than that for the pure EVA polymer, indicating the fillers in the polymers enhanced the shielding performance. The EVA + SiC (30%) and EVA + Si (15%) + B4C (15%) composites required the lowest thickness to stop 50% of the incident photons. The evaluation of experimental results of the RPE revealed that the polymer composites containing SiC (30%), Si (15%) + B4C (15%), or SiC (15%) + B4C (15%) succeeded in blocking 90-91% of X-rays at nearly 80 keV. However, a thicker shield of the proposed composite materials or combined layers with other high-Z materials could be used for higher energies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Almurayshid
- Nuclear Science Research Institute (NSRI), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (Y.A.); (R.A.); (M.A.); or (F.A.)
| | - Yousif Alssalim
- Nuclear Science Research Institute (NSRI), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (Y.A.); (R.A.); (M.A.); or (F.A.)
| | - Farouk Aksouh
- Physics & Astronomy Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Rashed Almsalam
- Nuclear Science Research Institute (NSRI), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (Y.A.); (R.A.); (M.A.); or (F.A.)
| | - Meshari ALQahtani
- Nuclear Science Research Institute (NSRI), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (Y.A.); (R.A.); (M.A.); or (F.A.)
| | - M. I. Sayyed
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Isra University, Amman 11622, Jordan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Fahad Almasoud
- Nuclear Science Research Institute (NSRI), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (Y.A.); (R.A.); (M.A.); or (F.A.)
- Department of Soil Sciences, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nuclear Radiation Shielding Characteristics of Some Natural Rocks by Using EPICS2017 Library. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14164669. [PMID: 34443191 PMCID: PMC8400063 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Radiation leakage is a serious problem in various technological applications. In this paper, radiation shielding characteristics of some natural rocks are elucidated. Mass attenuation coefficients (µ/ρ) of these rocks are obtained at different photon energies with the help of the EPICS2017 library. The obtained µ/ρ values are confirmed via the theoretical XCOM program by determining the correlation factor and relative deviation between both of these methods. Then, effective atomic number (Zeff), absorption length (MFP), and half value layer (HVL) are evaluated by applying the µ/ρ values. The maximum μ/ρ values of the natural rocks were observed at 0.37 MeV. At this energy, the Zeff values of the natural rocks were 16.23, 16.97, 17.28, 10.43, and 16.65 for olivine basalt, jet black granite, limestone, sandstone, and dolerite, respectively. It is noted that the radiation shielding features of the selected natural rocks are higher than that of conventional concrete and comparable with those of commercial glasses. Therefore, the present rocks can be used in various radiation shielding applications, and they have many advantages for being clean and low-cost products. In addition, we found that the EPICS2017 library is useful in determining the radiation shielding parameters for the rocks and may be used for further calculations for other rocks and construction building materials.
Collapse
|
13
|
Kim SC. Development of air pressure mirroring particle dispersion method for producing high-density tungsten medical radiation shielding film. Sci Rep 2021; 11:485. [PMID: 33436699 PMCID: PMC7804438 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79819-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation shielding films used in medical institutions are manufactured by mixing polymer materials with eco-friendly shielding materials. However, it is not easy to distribute the shielding material particles uniformly during the process. The uniform distribution of the shielding material particles is key to the reproducibility of the shielding performance of the films. Therefore, in this study, an air pressure mirroring particle dispersion method was developed to maintain a uniform distribution of the shielding material by dispersing the shielding material on a curved reflector through an air nozzle. The particle distribution state, density, and shielding performance of the cross-section and surface of the shielding films developed using the single-sided dispersion, double-dispersion, and air pressure mirroring particle dispersion methods were evaluated. Compared to the conventional single-sided distribution method, the shielding film produced by the air pressure mirroring particle dispersion method increased the particle packing by 41.5%, density by 12.9%, shielding material content by 22.2%, and shielding performance by 21.4%. Thus, the proposed dispersion method enables better shielding performance through uniform dispersion of shielding material, which is the most important parameter in the manufacture of low-dose shielding films.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Chil Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubel-daero, Daegu, 42601, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rammah Y, Tekin H, Sriwunkum C, Olarinoye I, Alalawi A, Al-Buriahi M, Nutaro T, Tonguc BT. Investigations on borate glasses within SBC-Bx system for gamma-ray shielding applications. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.net.2020.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
15
|
Chai F, Wang G, Liu F, Jiang D, Yao C, Xu T, Dai Y. Preparation and properties of flame-retardant neutron shielding material based on EVA polymer reinforced by radiation modification. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.108984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|